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Aeschynite-(Y)

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Slobrekka (Frikstad 7) pegmatite, Frikstad (Frigstad), Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway

Show Aeschynite-(Y) Photos (105)
Formula:
(Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
System:OrthorhombicColour:Pale yellow, ...
Lustre:Resinous, Waxy, Pearly, Sub-MetallicHardness:5 - 6
Name:For its relationship to Aeschynite-(Ce), with yttrium as the dominant rare-earth element


The yttrium analogue of aeschynite-(Ce).

Classification of Aeschynite-(Y)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.21-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DF.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
F : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; dimers and trimers of edgesharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:8.3.6.3

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
Hey's CIM Ref.:18.2.15

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
2 : Niobates and tantalates containing rare earths but not U
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Type Occurrence of Aeschynite-(Y)

Type Locality:Urstad, Hidra (Hitterø), Flekkefjord, Vest-Agder, Norway

Occurrences of Aeschynite-(Y)

Geological Setting:In granite and granite pegmatites, in ankerite-dolomitic carbonatites, as a detrital mineral in placers.

Physical Properties of Aeschynite-(Y)

Lustre:Resinous, Waxy, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Pale yellow, yellow-orange, pale greenish yellow
Streak:White, pale yellow, reddish yellow
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
on {100}, {010} and {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.82 - 4.93 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.5 g/cm3

Crystallography of Aeschynite-(Y)

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pmna {P2/m 2/n 21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 7.47Å, b = 10.98Å, c = 5.18Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.68 : 1 : 0.472
Unit Cell Volume:V 424.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals to 10 cm, commonly tabular, less commonly prismatic, forms {001}, {010}, {021}, {110}, {210} and {111}, also granular and massive
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
1.051 (7)
1.059 (7)
2.503 (4)
2.715 (5)
2.902 (10)
4.34 (5)
Comments:Sample from "Southern China"

Optical Data of Aeschynite-(Y)

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 2.190 - 2.280 nβ = 2.210 - 2.300 nγ = 2.340 - 2.500
2V:Measured: 70° to 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.150 - 0.220

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v, strong

Chemical Properties of Aeschynite-(Y)

Formula:
(Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
Essential elements:O, Ti, Y
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, H, Nb, O, Th, Ti, Y
Analytical Data:Sample from Urstad, Norway; "Ce2O3" includes (La,Dy)2O3
Nb2O5 (17.99)
Ta2O5 (0.89)
SiO2 (0.38)
TiO2 (32.91)
SnO2 (0.12)
ThO2 (7.69)
UO2 (4.01)
(Y,Er)2O3 (28.76)
Ce2O3 (1.97)
FeO (1.48)
MnO (0.27)
PbO (0.06)
MgO (0.04)
CaO (1.02)
Na2O (0.22)
K2O (0.19)
H2O (1.88)

sum 99.88 wt.-%

Relationship of Aeschynite-(Y) to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Aeschynite-(Ce) (see here)
Forms a series with Tantalaeschynite-(Y) (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DF.05Aeschynite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DF.05Aeschynite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,Ca)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DF.05Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DF.05Nioboaeschynite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti,Fe,Ta)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DF.05Nioboaeschynite-(Y)
(Y,Ca,Ce,Nd,Th)(Nb,Ti,Ta)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
4.DF.05Rynersonite
Ca(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DF.05Tantalaeschynite-(Y)
(Y,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Ti,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DF.05Vigezzite
(Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ti)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DF.10Changbaiite
PbNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DF.15Murataite-(Y)
(Y,Na)
 
6
Zn(Zn,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(Ti,Nb,Na)
 
12
O
 
29
(O,F,OH)
 
10
F
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
18.2.1Fergusonite-(Y)
YNbO
 
4
18.2.2β-Fergusonite-(Y)
YNbO
 
4
18.2.3Fergusonite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Nd)NbO
 
4
18.2.4β-Fergusonite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Nd)NbO
 
4
18.2.5Fergusonite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce)(Nb,Ti)O
 
4
18.2.6β-Fergusonite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce)NbO
 
4
18.2.7Formanite-(Y)
YTaO
 
4
18.2.8Pyrochlore
(Ca,Na)
 
2
Nb
 
2
O
 
6
(OH,F)
18.2.9Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
(OH,F)
18.2.10Strontiopyrochlore
(Sr,Ce,Ca)
 
2-x
(Nb,Fe)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
18.2.11Loparite-(Ce)
(Na,Ce,Ca,Sr,Th)(Ti,Nb,Fe)O
 
3
18.2.12Fersmite
(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH,F)
 
6
18.2.13Aeschynite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
18.2.14Aeschynite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,Ca)(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
18.2.16Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
18.2.17Nioboaeschynite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti,Fe,Ta)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
18.2.18Tantalaeschynite-(Y)
(Y,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Ti,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.2.19Vigezzite
(Ca,Ce)(Nb,Ti)
 
2
O
 
6
18.2.20Murataite-(Y)
(Y,Na)
 
6
Zn(Zn,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(Ti,Nb,Na)
 
12
O
 
29
(O,F,OH)
 
10
F
 
4

Other Names for Aeschynite-(Y)

Synonyms:
Aeschinite-(Y)Aeschynite-(Yt)BlomstrandineBlomstrandinitePriorite
Taiyite
Other Languages:
German:Blomstrandin
Priorit
Italian:Aeschynite-(Y)
Russian:Эшинит-(Y)
Spanish:Priorita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Aeschynite-(Y)

Reference List:Brögger (1879), Zs. Kr.: 3: 481.

Prior (1899), Mineralogical Magazine: 12: 96.

Brögger (1906), Vidensk. Skr., Mat.-Nat. Kl.: 6: 98 (as priorite).

Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944): The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I, 793-797.

Vlasov, K.A., Ed. (1966): Mineralogy of rare elements, Vol. 2, 489-496.

Levinson, A. A. (1966): A system of nomenclature for rare-earth minerals. American Mineralogist 51, 152-158.

Ling-Yi, C. (1974): Taiyite [= aeschynite-(Y)], a new variety of aeschynite-priorite group. Acta Gelogica Sinica 91-94. [Abs. in American Mineralogist (1976), 61, 178].

Vidensk.-Selsk. Skrifter, Math.-Naturv. Klasse (1906), 6, 98-116.

Sommerauer, J. and Weber, L. (1972): Aeschynit-(Y,Gd,Dy,Er), ein neues Zerrkluftmineral der zentralen Schweizer Alpen. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen 52, 75-91 (in German with English abstract).

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 5.

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    Localities for Aeschynite-(Y)

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Gloggnitz
    		Kolitsch, U. & Bernhardt, F. (SXRD and EDS; to be published)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Gastein valley
          • Böckstein
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Habach Valley
          • Nasenkopf Mt.
            • Leckbachgraben (Leckbachrinne)
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
        • Obersulzbach valley
          • Hopffeld area
    		Preite D. (1986) - Hopffeldboden (Salzburg, Austria) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, n. 1, pp. 1-11, 1986
    Natural History Museum Vienna collection
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Ziller valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
          • Zamser Grund (Zams valley)
            • Schrammacher Mt.
    		Folie, K., Rocchetti, I. (1999): Novità Mineralogiche del Passo di Vizze. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1999, 222-230.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Renfrew Co.
        • Lyndoch Township
          • Quadeville
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): \"Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China\", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
        • Jěstěd Ridge
    		Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)]
    Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
    Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
    Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Luzenac
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1990, 4, p.3,8-12]
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Haute-Savoie
        • Chamonix
          • Mt Blanc Massif
    		Cuchet, S., Schnyder, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Les minéraux de L'A Neuve. Schweizer Strahler / Le Cristallier Suisse, Nr. 3, 28-37.
      • Savoie
        • La Lauzière massif
          • Bonneval-Tarentaise
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R.. (2000). La Lauzière : les espèces minérales, Savoie, France. Le Règne Minéral hors-série n°6, pp. 24-39. Editions du Piat. DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2002). Le quartz de La Baisse, massif de La Lauzière, Savoie, France. Le Règne Minéral n°44, pp. 32-33. Editions du Piat.
        • Tarentaise valley
          • La Léchère
    		De Ascencao Guedes R., Meisser N. (2002), Les fentes à cristaux de Pierre Château, La Léchère, Tarentaise (Savoie), Le Règne Minéral, n°44, pp: 35-45
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Löbau
          • Czorneboh
            • Cunewalde
              • Schönberg
    		Witzke, T., Giesler, T. (2008): Neufunde und Neubestimmungen aus der Lausitz, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 59, 245-252
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Courmayeur
        • Les Grandes Jorasses Massif
          • Ferret Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): MInerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Monte Bianco Massif
          • Veny Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Liguria
      • Savona Province
        • Maremola Valley
          • Magliolo
    		Bracco, R., Callegari, A., Boiocchi, M., Balestra, C., Armellino, G., Ciriotti, M. E. (2006). Costa Balzi Rossi (Magliolo, Val Maremola, Savona, Liguria): una nuova località per minerali di terre rare e scandio. MICRO (località), 2006, 161-178.
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    		Guastoni A., Pezzotta F., Demartin F., 2004. Contributo alla mineralogia del granofiro di Cuasso al Monte: recenti determinazioni su esemplari del MSNM. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 28, 4: 194-202.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Bagnolo Piemonte
          • Infernotto Valley
            • Ortieul
    		Piccoli, G.C. (2002): Minerali delle Alpi Marittime e Cozie. Provincia di Cuneo. Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio", Ed., Alba, 366 pp.; Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag.
        • Gesso Valley
    		Piccoli, G. C., & Lombardo, B. (2004). Il massiccio cristallino dell'Argentera. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 28 (1): 6-23
      • Torino Province
        • Luserna San Giovanni
    		- Finello, G., Ambrino, P., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Blaß, G., Bracco, R. (2007): I minerali della “Pietra di Luserna”, Piemonte, Italia nord-occidentale. I. Alcune cave di gneiss della Val Luserna. Micro (località), 2/2007, 181-226.
    No reference listed
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Ala Valley
              • Balme
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		American Mineralogist, 84(5-6), 782-789
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
          • Beura-Cardezza
    		Weiss, S. (1983): Valle d'Ossola. Kluftmineralien aus Steinbrüchen im Valle d'Ossola. Lapis, 8/1983, 12, 24-28
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Toceno
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23 (1), 42-49.
          • Villadossola
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 157-170.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Vizze Valley (Pfitsch Valley)
          • San Giacomo
            • Vizze pass (Pfitsch pass)
    		Folie K. Rocchetti I. (1999) Novità mineralogiche dal Passo di Vizze, Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, n° 4, 222-230; Folie K. Rocchetti I. (1999) Novità mineralogiche dal Passo di Vizze, Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, n° 4, 222-230
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Nakatsugawa City
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Kofu City
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Itasy Region
        • Soavinandriana District
          • Ankisabe Commune
    		Guigues, J. (1955): Etude des gisements de pegmatite de Madagascar (Deuxième partie). Travaux du Bureau Géologiques de Madagascar 67, Service Geologique, Tananarive, p 5
    Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Geologique A. 1871
          • Mahavelona Commune
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
        • Antsirabé 2 District
          • Sahanivotry Commune
    		Besairie H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive. 34, p. 71
        • Betafo District
          • Mahaiza Commune
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Menabe Region
        • Miandrivazo District
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Mongolia
     
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Arendal
    		Bjørlykke (1934b, p. 240); Neumann (1985, p. 82).
    Bjørlykke (1934b, p. 240); Neumann (1985, p. 82).
      • Birkenes
        • Vegusdal
    		Butler (1958, p. 766); Neumann (1985, p. 81).
      • Evje og Hornnes
        • Landsverk
      • Iveland
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
        • Frikstad (Frigstad)
    		Brøgger (1906, pp. 105-110); Neumann (1985, p. 82). / Revheim, O. (2004): Neue Funde von Gadolinit-(Y) und anderen Mineralien aus dem Steinbruch ”Slobrekka” bei Iveland, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 15 (2), 36-43
    J. Schetelig in Brøgger et al. (1922, p. 148); Neumann (1985, p. 81).
    Neumann, H. & Sverdrup, T.L.(1960): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No. 8. Davidite from Tuftan, Iveland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 40: 277-288
        • Kåbuland
    		Bjørlykke (1932, p. 236); Hongslo & Langmyhr (1960); Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse. Skrifter 68, p. 81).
    Hansen, G. H. (2001): Mineralene i Evje - Iveland. (Minerals of Evje - Iveland). Published by Froland Mineral Center, p.16
    Hansen, G. H. (2001).
      • Risør
        • Søndeled
    		Andersen (1926, p. 75); Neumann (1985, p. 82).
    • Buskerud
      • Øvre Eiker
    		Anonymous (1982): Tryterud (F4-11). DG-nytt [A local magazine for the Drammen geological society, Norway]nr 4, 13
    • Vest-Agder
      • Farsund
        • Lista
    		Brøgger (1906, pp. 105-110); Neumann (1985, p. 82).
      • Flekkefjord
        • Hidra (Hitterø)
    		Adamson (1942); Neumann (1985, p. 82).
    Adamson (1942); Hongslo & Langmyhr (1960); Neumann (1985, pp. 81-82).
    Brøgger (1879, pp. 481 ff; and 1906, p. 99); Adamson (1942); Neumann (1985, pp. 81-82); Clark (1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition")
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Tuva Republic
    		no reference
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola peninsula
          • Western Keivy Massif
    		No reference listed
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    Saudi Arabia
     
    • Mintaqah Tabuk
      • Midyan
    		Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Swaziland
     
    • Hhohho District
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    Sweden
     
    • Småland
      • Växjö
        • Asa
    		See above.
    • Västergötland
      • Ale
        • Nödinge
    		No reference listed
      • Svenljunga
        • Överlida
    		Kjellman (1996), Uppsala Univ.
    Switzerland
     
    • Bern
      • Hasli Valley
        • Grimsel area
          • Gerstenegg
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Vorderrhein Valley
        • Tujetsch (Tavetsch)
          • Nalps Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Leventina
        • Bedretto Valley
          • Ronco
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
        • Central St Gotthard Massif
          • Fontana
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
          • Lucendro Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
      • Lugano lake
        • Carona
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		A. v. d. Burgt, S. Cuchet, Neu: Gadolinit, Aescgynit und Synchisit vom Fleschsee, Binntal (Schweiz), Lapis 04/2005 p. 19ff
    No reference listed
    S Wolfsried collection
      • Goms
        • Oberwald
    		Stephan Wolfsried collection (EDS G. Blaß, SXRD U. Kolitsch)
      • Le Trient Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 394.
      • Raron
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 55
      • Vernayaz
        • Miéville
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 54
    Ukraine
     
    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
      • Donets (Donetsk) region
        • Priazovye
          • Eliseevka
            • Eliseevskoe pegmatite field
    		Lazarenko E.K. e.a. Mineralogy of Priazovie, - Kiev, "Naukova Dumka", 1981, p. 432.
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • Buena Vista
          • Trout Creek Pass pegmatite District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Dailey District (Jones Pass District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Fremont Co.
        • Goldie Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
      • Park Co.
        • Tarryall Springs District (Puma City)
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 31 (Table A-1).
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
        • Republic
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineral and/or Locality
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