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Tephroite

Big Photo

Laach lake volcanic complex, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Tephroite Photos (27)
Formula:
Mn
2+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
System:OrthorhombicColour:Grey, olive-green, flesh ...
Lustre:Vitreous, GreasyHardness:6
Name:From Greek "tephros", ash-colored, alluding to the usual gray colour of the mineral.


Olivine Group. Fayalite-Tephroite Series, and the Forsterite-Tephroite Series. The Mn2+ analogue of Fayalite, Forsterite, and Calcio-Olivine.

Classification of Tephroite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/A.04-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
Dana 7th edition ID:51.3.1.4
Dana 8th edition ID:51.3.1.4

51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.17.2

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Tephroite

Type Locality:Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1823

Occurrences of Tephroite

Geological Setting:In Fe-Mn ore deposits, skarns, and metamorphosed manganese rich sediments.

Physical Properties of Tephroite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Translucent on thin edges
Colour:Grey, olive-green, flesh red or reddish-brown, dark brown.
Streak:Pale gray
Hardness (Mohs):6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}
Imperfect on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.87 - 4.12 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.15 g/cm3

Crystallography of Tephroite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 4.88(2) Å, b = 10.61(2) Å, c = 6.24(2) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.46 : 1 : 0.588
Unit Cell Volume:V 323.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Short prismatic
Twinning:Uncommon {011}

Optical Data of Tephroite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.759 nβ = 1.797 nγ = 1.860
2V:Measured: 60° to 70°, Calculated: 78°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.101

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= brownish red
Y= reddish
Z= greenish blue

Chemical Properties of Tephroite

Formula:
Mn
2+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Zn,Ca,Mg

Relationship of Tephroite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Fayalite (see here)
Forms a series with Forsterite (see here)
Related to:
  • Olivine Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    9.AC.05Fayalite
    Fe
    2+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.05Forsterite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.05Glaucochroite
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.05Kirschsteinite
    CaFe
    2+
     
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.05Laihunite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    9.AC.05Liebenbergite
    (Ni,Mg)
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.10Monticellite
    CaMg[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.15Ringwoodite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AC.20Chesnokovite
    Na
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    14.17.1Rhodonite
    MnSiO
     
    3
    14.17.3Braunite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Mn
    3+
    6
    		[O
     
    8
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    14.17.4Alleghanyite
    Mn
    2+
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    14.17.5Ribbeite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    14.17.6Leucophoenicite
    Mn
    2+
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    14.17.7Jerrygibbsite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    14.17.8Bementite
    Mn
     
    5
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    6
    14.17.9Parsettensite
    K
     
    1.2
    		Mn
     
    8
    		(Si,Al)
     
    12
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    10
    14.17.10Yofortierite
    Mn
     
    5
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·8-9H
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Tephroite

    Synonyms:
    Mangan-Peridot
    German names:
    Tephroit
    Russian names:
    Тефроит
    Spanish names:
    Tephroita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Tephroite

    Reference List:Breithaupt, A. (1823): Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems.- Dresden, 2nd. ed., p. 278.

    American Mineralogist (1980): 65: 1263-1269.

    Francis, C.A. (1985) New data on the forsterite-tephroite series. American Mineralogist: 70: 568-575.

    Mineralogical Magazine (1998): 63: 607.

    Internet Links for Tephroite

    Search Engines:
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    • External Links:
  • Look for Tephroite on Webmineral
  • Look for Tephroite on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Tephroite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Tephroite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Tephroite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Tephroite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Tephroite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Wilkes Land
    		AmMin 44:439
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Forbes Co.
        • Grenfell
    		Ashley, P.M. (1989), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 161: 85-111.
      • Inglis Co.
        • Tamworth
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    "Minerals of Broken Hill", William Birch, Editor, Published by Broken Hill City Council, 1999
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Lölling
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
        • St Salvator
          • Moschitzberg Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Gastein valley
          • Bad Hofgastein
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Kaprun valley
          • Mooserboden reservoir
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Mitterdorf
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
    		Francis, C.A. (2004)
    Postl W. et al. (1998); Francis, C.A. (2004)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
          • Ködnitz valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
    		http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm
    Min Rec 39:125-130
    China
     
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan Delian, Li Jiaju, Ye Jie, Hariya, Y., and Miura, H. (1992): Some new data on manganese silicate-manganese oxide ores from ferro-manganese ore deposit Wafangzi, PRC (abstract). 29th international geological congress (Kyoto, 24 August - 3 September 1992).
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Novák, M. & Škoda, R. (2007): Mn3+-rich andalusite to kanonaite and their breakdown products from metamanganolite at Kojetice near Třebíč, the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic. Journal of Geosciences, 52(1-2), 161-167.
    Finland
     
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
      • Vaasa
        • Seinäjoki
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Nabias
    		European J. Mineralogy, 11/5, 879-890
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983
    [Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983] [Minealien Welt 1/93:14]
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München, 1983
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Eur. J. Mineral 18:569–582 (2006)
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
      • La Spezia Province
        • Borghetto Vara
          • Faggiona
    		Palenzona A., Di Giovanni F., Borgo E. (1988) - La miniera di Manganese di Cerchiara (SP) - Rivista Miner. Ital., Milano, fasc. 4, pp.209-218
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    • Tuscany
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Fivizzano
    		Di Sabatino, 1967. Su una paragenesi del giacimento manganesifero di Scortico (Alpi Apuane). Period. Miner., 36: 965-992.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Aichi Prefecture
          • Kita-Shidara-gun
            • Shidara
    		www.scs.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~hn2/shirozulite.html; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Fukui Prefecture
          • Wakasa
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
        • Nagano Prefecture
          • Kami-Ina-gun
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
          • Nagawa-mura
    		Yoshinaga, M. (1959) Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu University, Ser. D, 9, 47-53.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Chugoku Region
        • Shimane Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Tottori Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Iwakuni City
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 61.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Kudamatsu City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
    H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 61.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Kiryuu City
    		Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003)
    Alfredo Petrov collection
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Takanomine mine
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Urayama
    		K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2005) "Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan"
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Ashio
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Kanuma
    		Kato, A. (1991) Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 17, 119-128.
    Alfredo Petrov collection
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama
    		N. Aikawa (1987) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 30, 1-13.
    Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), 22, 25-32 (1993)
    Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Kita-Kuwata-gun
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
    Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
          • Sohraku-gun
    		Am Min 85:242-250
    Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Mie Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Shiga Prefecture
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Alfredo Petrov coll.
          • Tsuchiyama
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
          • Iwaki
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Iwate Prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Miyako City
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.; Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Shimohei-gun
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Matsubara, S. (2003) Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15)
    Nambu, M. & Tanida, K. (1961): On the progressive alteration of manganese dioxide minerals in the Toyoguchi Mine, Iwate Prefecture. Ganseki Kobutsu Kosho Gakkaishi 45, 39-48. (in Japanese)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fuzimoto, M. (2006): Manganese minerals from manganese mines, Takachiho district, Miyazaki Prefecture. Part 1. Shimozuru Mine. Chigaku Kenkyu 54, 213-221. (in Japanese) ; Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Saga Prefecture
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Atasu - Karazhal - Zhayrem area
    		Kayupova, M.M. (1965) Doklady of the Academy of Sciences U.S.S.R., Earth Science sections, 163, 97-100.
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Issyk-Kul'skaya Oblast
      • Inyl'chek Range
        • Muzeinyi Valley
    Madagascar
     
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Southwestern Region
        • Betioky Department
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Gélogique Madagascar. A 1871
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Van der Wel (1974, p. 123); A.O. Larsen (1978, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 131).
    Oman
     
    • Semail Ophiolite
      • Khawr Fakkan Massif
        • Bani Hamid area
    		Am. Min., Volume 85, 242–250, 2000
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
          • Čučma (Csucsom; Tschutschma)
            • Stredná Hora hill
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
        • Smolnik Mining District
          • Bystrý Potok
    		Rojkovič, I. (2001): Geolines 13, 34-41.
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302]
        • N'Chwaning Mines
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Huelva
    		Bocamina, (4), (1999) 50-86.
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • El Molar
    		Mineralogistes de Catalunya, vol. III num. 5
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Min Mag 66 (2) 2002, 353-364
      • Ludvika
    		No reference listed
    • Dalsland
      • Åmål
        • Strandhem ore field
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		No reference listed
    Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark
    		Min.Mag.(1978) 42, 133-136
    GFF 2, 179
    Mineralogical Magazine (1998) 62 (3), 395-407
        • Pajsberg
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 902, 1023.
    No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 857, 1025, 1030.
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Turtmann Valley
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matter Valley
          • Täsch Valley
    		Christian Bracke Collection
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Liskeard District
          • North Hill Area (North-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Altarnun
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm
        • Tavistock District
          • Milton Abbot
    		No reference listed
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Nant-y-Gadwen
    		Cotterell, T.F., 2006. Caryopilite and pyroxmangite from Nant Mine, Nant-y-Gadwen, Llanfaelrhys, Pen Llyn, Gwynedd, Wales UK Journal of Mines and Minerals, 27, 51-53.
            • Rhiw
    		No reference listed
    United Arab Emirates
     
    • Fujayrah (Fujairah) Emirate
      • Semail Ophiolite
    		Gnos, E. and Peters, T. (1995) Tephroite-hausmannite-galaxite from a granulite-facies manganese rock of the United Arab Emirates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 120: 372-377.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 392.
    • California
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • San Jose
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Colorado
      • San Juan Co.
        • Silverton District
          • Howardsville
    		Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.235
    Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & Southeastern NY State, p.229.
    • Massachusetts
      • Franklin Co.
        • Hawley
          • West Hawley
    		No reference listed
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Cummington
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 58
        • Plainfield
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Alan Plante, Valley Geology Press, 1992.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache(1935):77.
    Hurlbut, C.S., Jr.: Am.Min.:46:549-559 (1961); Palache(1935):77; Dunn(1995):Pt3:336-342.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		A. Breithaupt (1823): Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems.- Dresden, 2nd. ed., p. 278; Palache(1935):77; Dunn(1995):Pt3:336-342
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
    • Rhode Island
      • Providence Co.
        • Cumberland
    		Michael W. Kieron collection
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
    		BEG University of Texas publication 4301
    • Virginia
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Floyd Co.
        • Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province
          • Southern Lead
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Pittsylvania Co.
        • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba District
    		AmMin 88:740-747 (2003)
    • Washington
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Mount Jupiter
          • Elkhorn Group
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
      • Mason Co.
        • Copper Creek (Boulder Creek)
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.39
    Mineral and/or Locality
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