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Thaumasite

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Big Photo

N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
© Rob Lavinsky

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Formula:
Ca
 
3
(SO
 
4
)[Si(OH)
 
6
](CO
 
3
) · 12H
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:Colourless, white
Hardness:3½
Member of:Ettringite Group
Name:From Greek, "thaumazein", to be surprised, alluding to its unusual composition with carbonate, sulphate and hexahydroxysilicate anions


Although it is generally assumed that a solid solution series between thaumasite and ettringite exists, both species have different space groups and a possible discontinuity was identified, characterised by a gap in the a-dimension of the solid solution phases (Barnett et al., 2000).

The Si analogue of Carraraite. Also compare Chelyabinskite.

Classification of Thaumasite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.22-90
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.DG.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
Dana 8th edition ID:32.4.4.4

32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.10.18

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
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Type Occurrence of Thaumasite

Type Locality:Bjelke Mine, Åreskutan, Åre, Jämtland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1878

Physical Properties of Thaumasite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless, white
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct

Crystallography of Thaumasite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6 - Pyramidal
Space Group:P63
Cell Parameters:a = 11.030(7) Å, c = 10.396(6) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.943
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,095.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Prismatic [0001], acicular.

Optical Data of Thaumasite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.507 nε = 1.468
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.039

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate

Chemical Properties of Thaumasite

Formula:
Ca
 
3
(SO
 
4
)[Si(OH)
 
6
](CO
 
3
) · 12H
 
2
O
Essential elements:C, Ca, H, O, S, Si
All elements listed in formula:C, Ca, H, O, S, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Fe,Mg

Relationship of Thaumasite to other Species

Member of:Ettringite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Bentorite
Ca
 
6
(Cr
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
Buryatite
Ca
 
3
(Si,Fe,Al)(SO
 
4
)[B(OH)
 
4
]O(OH)
 
5
 · 12H
 
2
O
Carraraite
Ca
 
3
(SO
 
4
)[Ge(OH)
 
6
](CO
 
3
) · 12H
 
2
O
Charlesite
Ca
 
6
(Al,Si)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
[B(OH)
 
4
](OH,O)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
Ettringite
Ca
 
6
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
Jouravskite
Ca
 
6
Mn
3+
2
(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
Micheelsenite
(Ca,Y)
 
3
Al(HPO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
 · 12H
 
2
O
Sturmanite
Ca
 
6
(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
[B(OH)
 
4
](OH)
 
12
 · 25H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.DG.05Darapskite
Na
 
3
(SO
 
4
)(NO
 
3
) · H
 
2
O
7.DG.10Clinoungemachite
(Na, K, Fe, SO
 
4
)
7.DG.10Humberstonite
Na
 
7
K
 
3
Mg
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
(NO
 
3
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.DG.10Ungemachite
K
 
3
Na
 
8
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
6
(NO
 
3
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Bentorite
Ca
 
6
(Cr
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Charlesite
Ca
 
6
(Al,Si)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
[B(OH)
 
4
](OH,O)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Ettringite
Ca
 
6
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Jouravskite
Ca
 
6
Mn
3+
2
(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Sturmanite
Ca
 
6
(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
[B(OH)
 
4
](OH)
 
12
 · 25H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Carraraite
Ca
 
3
(SO
 
4
)[Ge(OH)
 
6
](CO
 
3
) · 12H
 
2
O
7.DG.15Buryatite
Ca
 
3
(Si,Fe,Al)(SO
 
4
)[B(OH)
 
4
]O(OH)
 
5
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.DG.20Rapidcreekite
Ca
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(CO
 
3
) · 4H
 
2
O
7.DG.20Korkinoite
Ca
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
 · 9(H
 
2
O)
7.DG.25Tatarskite
Ca
 
6
Mg
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
Cl
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.DG.30Nakauriite
Cu
 
8
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
 · 48H
 
2
O
7.DG.35Chessexite
(Na,K)
 
4
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Zn)
 
3
Al
 
8
(SO
 
4
)
 
10
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 40H
 
2
O
7.DG.40Carlosruizite
K
 
6
(Na,K)
 
4
Na
 
6
Mg
 
10
(SeO
 
4
)
 
12
(IO
 
3
)
 
12
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.DG.40Fuenzalidaite
K
 
6
(Na,K)
 
4
Na
 
6
Mg
 
10
(SO
 
4
)
 
12
(IO
 
3
)
 
12
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.DG.45Chelyabinskite
(Ca,Mg)
 
3
(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
2
[Si(OH)
 
6
] · 9H
 
2
O (?)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.10.1Nosean
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
17.10.2Pitiglianoite
Na
 
6
K
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
17.10.3Vishnevite
(Na,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
) · 2H
 
2
O
17.10.4Haüyne
(Na,Ca)
 
4-8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
(O,S)
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
17.10.5Liottite
(Na,K)
 
16
Ca
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
Cl
 
4
17.10.6Latiumite
K
 
2
Ca
 
6
(Si,Al)
 
11
O
 
25
(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
17.10.7Tuscanite
(K(Ca,Na)
 
6
(Si,Al)
 
10
O
 
22
[SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
,(OH)
 
2
] · H
 
2
O
17.10.8Microsommite
Na
 
4
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
17.10.9Delhayelite
(Na,K)
 
10
Ca
 
5
Al
 
6
Si
 
32
O
 
80
(Cl
 
2
,F
 
2
,SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 18H
 
2
O
17.10.10Hydrodelhayelite
KCa
 
2
AlSi
 
7
O
 
17
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
17.10.11Davyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
17.10.12Afghanite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
17.10.13Franzinite
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
17.10.14Giuseppettite
(Na,K,Ca)
 
7-8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
17.10.15Sacrofanite
(Na,K)
 
98
Ca
 
20
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
14
(SO
 
4
)
 
26
Cl
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
17.10.16Chessexite
(Na,K)
 
4
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Zn)
 
3
Al
 
8
(SO
 
4
)
 
10
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 40H
 
2
O
17.10.17Innelite
Na
 
2
CaBa
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
4
17.10.19Ellestadite
17.10.20Ellestadite-(Cl)
Ca
 
10
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
Cl
 
2
17.10.21Hydroxylellestadite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
1.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
1.5
(OH)
17.10.22Fluorellestadite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
1.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
1.5
F
17.10.23Mattheddleite
Pb
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
1.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
1.5
(Cl,OH)
17.10.24Queitite
Pb
 
4
Zn
 
2
(SO
 
4
)(SiO
 
4
)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
17.10.25Roeblingite
Pb
 
2
Ca
 
6
Mn
2+
 
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
17.10.26Yoshimuraite
Ba
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O(OH)
17.10.27Kegelite
Pb
 
8
Al
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
17.10.28Wenkite
(Ba,K)
 
4
(Ca,Na)
 
6
[(SO
 
4
)
 
3
|(Si,Al)
 
20
O
 
39
(OH)
 
2
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
17.10.29Macquartite
Pb
 
3
Cu(CrO
 
4
)(SiO
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
17.10.30Welinite
Mn
2+
6
(W
6+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6

Other Names for Thaumasite

Other Languages:
German:Thaumasit
Russian:Таумасит
Spanish:Thaumasita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Thaumasite

Reference List:

- +
C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris (1878), 87, 313.

Carpenter, A.B. (1963): Oriented overgrowths of thaumasite on ettringite. Am. Mineral. 48, 1394–1396.

Edge, R.A. and Taylor, H.F. (1971) Crystal structure of Thaumasite, [Ca3Si(OH)6·12H2O](SO4)(CO3). Acta Crystallographica: B27: 594-601.

Zemann, J. & Zobetz, E. (1981): Do the carbonate groups in thaumasite have anomalously large deviations from coplanarity? Kristallografija 26, 1215–1217.

EFFENBERGER, H., KIRFEL, A., WILL, G. & ZOBETZ, E. (1983): A further refinement of the crystal structure of thaumasite, Ca3Si(OH)6CO3SO4•12H2O. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh. 1983, 60-68.

Grubessi, O., Mottana, A., Paris, E. (1986): Thaumasite from the Tschwinning [N’Chwaning] mine, South Africa. Tschermaks Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 35, 149–156.

Barnett, S.J., Adam, C.D. & Jackson, A.R.W. (2000): Solid solutions between ettringite and thaumasite. Journal of Materials Science 35, 4109-4114.

Barnett, S.J., Adam, C.D. & Jackson, A.R.W. (2001): An XRPD profile fitting investigation of the solid solution between ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12.26H2O and carbonate ettringite, Ca6Al2(CO3)3(OH)12.26H2O. Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 13-17.

Jacobsen, S.D., Smyth, J.R., Swope, R.J. (2003) Thermal expansion of hydrated six-coordinate silicon in thaumasite, Ca3Si(OH)6 (CO3) (SO4) 12 H2O. Phys. Chem. Mineral. 30, 321–329.

Martucci, A. & Cruciani, G. (2006): In situ time resolved synchrotron powder diffraction study of thaumasite. Phys. Chem. Minerals 33, 723-731.

Internet Links for Thaumasite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • Localities for Thaumasite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Cape Grim district
    		Sutherland, F. & Bottrill, R.(2004): Zeolites of western Tasmania. Australian Jornal of Mineralogy 10:2 pp 59-72; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.49
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Goldberg group
          • Innerfragant
            • Großfragant
              • Copper mine
    		G. Blass: Carinthia II 189./109.:216 (1999)
    • Styria
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		Meixner, H. (1956); R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); Postl, W. et al. (2008); Mineralogical Magazine 1956 31 : 265-271
      • Leoben
        • Galgenberg Mt.
    		Annalen 1999, p.11-22
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Manitouwadge
    		Michael W. Kieron Collection
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
      • Montréal
    		Graham 1909
    Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 5-60.
    China
     
    • Hebei Province
      • Xingtai Prefecture
        • Xingtai Co.
    		Cao Zhengmin (1988): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 8(2), 138-142.
    Zhengmin Cao and Weijiong Zhu (1993): Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis 29(4)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Plzeň Region
        • Tachov
    		Kouřimský, J.: Thaumasit und Babingtonit, Neue Minerale für die ČSSR. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1977, vol. 21, nos. 3-4, s. 213-217.
      • Ústí Region
        • Duchcov (Dux)
    		Žáček V., Skála R., Chlupáčová M., Dvořák Z. 2005: Ca-Fe3+-rich, Si-undersaturated buchite from Želénky, North-Bohemian Brown Coal Basin, Czech Republic. Eur. J. Mineral., 17, 623-633
    France
     
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997, 27-28
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Espalion
    		Boutry C., Pelisson P., Pillard F. (1986), Les zéolites d'Espalion, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 3-7
    Etier J.R. & Ch., Favreau G., Devouard B., Vigier J. (2004), Minéraux de pyrométamorphisme de Lapanouse-de Sévérac (Aveyron), Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°85, pp: 3-58
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
    		Favreau G., Meisser N., Chiappero P.J. (2004), Saint-Maime (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence): un exemple de pyrométamorphisme en région provençale, n°3, pp: 59-92
    French Polynesia
     
    • Tuamotu-Gambier
      • Tuamotu Archipelago (Tuamotus)
        • Mururoa Lagoon
    		Y. Noack (1983) Occurrence of Thaumasite in a Seawater-Basalt Interaction, Mururoa Atoll (French Polynesia, South Pacific) Mineralogical Magazine 47:47-50.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Haslach
          • Steinach
    		Lapis 21(12), 39 (1996); Walenta, K. (1998): Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Schwarzwald (7. Folge, 1.Teil). Lapis, 23 (11), 35-xx
          • Urenkopf Mt.
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Maroldsweisach
    		Tron, J. & Müller, R. (1987): Scawtit von Maroldsweisach. Lapis, 12 (2), 30; Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Hesse
      • Vogelsberg
        • Ortenberg
    • Lower Saxony
      • Göttingen
        • Adelebsen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Eschweiler
        • Stolberg
    International Association of Collectors of Slag
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
          • Kohlenbach Valley
    		Henrich, M. (2009): Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 14-27.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Schüller, W., Betz, V., Die Mineralien vom Emmelberg, Lapis 12/1986
        • Hillesheim
    		Hentschel, G., Die Lavaströme der Graulai: eine neue Fundstelle in der Westeifel, Lapis, Weise Verlag München, 09/1993
          • Zilsdorf
    		Hentschel. G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Blass, G.; Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel , Mineralien-Welt 12/1, 17-25, 2001
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Blass, G.; Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 12/1, 17-25, 2001
    Blass, G.; Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 12/1, 17-25, 2001
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Blass, G.; Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel , Mineralien-Welt 12/1, 17-25, 2001
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		[Hentschel, G., Seltene Minerale in Calcium-reichen Auswürflingen vom Bellerberg bei Mayen/Eifel, Aufschluß 29, 77-83, 1978] [Lapis, 15 (5), 9-36]
              • Southern lava flow
    		Hentschel, G., Dent Glasser, L.S., Lee, C.K. (1983): Jasmundite. Ca22(Si04)8O4S2. a new mineral, N. Jb. Mineral., Mh., 337-342.
    Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J., Simmons, W.B., Tillmanns, E., Fischer, R.X., (1984): Willhendersonite, a new zeolite isostructural with chabazite, Amer. Mineral. 69, 186-189
    Luigi Mattei
        • Niederzissen
          • Brenk
    		Kollmann, H., Strübel, G., Ettringit-Thaumasit-Mischkristalle von Brenk (Eifel), Chem. Erde 40, 110-120, 1981
          • Hannebach
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Szár Hill
        • Kőszárhegy
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Balaton Uplands
        • Bakony Mts.
          • Sümeg
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec., 1993
          • Sümegprága
    		Kónya-MÁFI,2008
        • Tapolcai Basin
          • Zalahaláp
    		Lapis 01/1978 p.31
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Basilicata
      • Potenza Province
        • Monte Vulture
          • Melfi
    		"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
          • Monte Somma
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Cassinelli C. (1986) - Norbergite e Thaumasite della Cava San Vito. Due nuove specie del Vesuvio - Rivista Min. Italiana, Milano, fasc. 1, 1986, pp. 36-39
    • Latium
      • Rieti Province
        • Rieti
          • Santa Rufina
    		"Giorgio Bortolozzi (visual identification)"
      • Rome Province
    		Caponera, I., Fiori, S., Pucci, R., & Signoretti, E. (2007). I minerali dei Colli Albani. Un aggiornamento sugli ultimi dieci anni di ricerche. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 74-91.
        • Rome
          • Valleranello
    		Bellatreccia, F. & Fiori, S. (2004): La thaumasite di Vallerano (RM). Il Cercapietre, 2004/1-2, 64-65
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Varenna Valley
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2 (Avril/Juin), 175-188.
    • Lombardy
      • Brescia Province
        • Camonica Valley
          • Braone
    		- Gramaccioli, C.M., Scaini, G., Gentile, P., De Michele, V., Mannucci, G. (1992): Natura in Lombardia. I Minerali. Regione Lombardia, Ed., Milano, 223 pp.
          • Breno
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia, 2vol., Istit. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara, Italia, 216 & 192 pp.
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
        • Valfurva
          • Zebrù Valley
    		Bedognè, F., Montrasio, A., Sciesa, E. (2006). I minerali della medio-alta Valtellina, delle Orobie valtellinesi e della val Poschiavo. Aggiornamenti sulle altre località della provincia di Sondrio. Tip. Bettini, Sondrio, 255 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Chiusella Valley
            • Traversella
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sicily
      • Catania Province
        • Northern Iblean plateau
    		Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408
    Sicurella, G., Russo, S., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010): Mineralogia della formazione di Monte Caliella, Palagonia (Catania, Sicilia). Micro (località), 2/2010, 371-408.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
          • Mount Spinosa
    		Nannoni, R., & Marinai, V. (2008). Monte Spinosa. Nuovi ritrovamenti alle miniere Maffei e Montorsi. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/2008, 98-111.
    • Umbria
      • Perugia Province
        • Spoleto
    		Stoppa F., Scordari F., Mesto E., Sharygin V.V. and Bortolozzi G. - Calcium-aluminium-silicate-hydrate "cement" phases and rare Ca-zeolite association at Colle Fabbri, Central Italy (2010). Centr.Eur.J.Geosci. 2 (2), pag. 175-187 .
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza province
    		Boscardin, M., Mietto, P., Pegoraro, S., Orlandi, P., Secco, L.(2000):
    Lapis, 15 (12), 27-32+50.
        • Tretto di Schio
          • Val Munari
            • Contrade Maglio-Pornaro
    		Ref. Boscardin M. (1988) - I minerali di un nuovo giacimento di contatto presso Schio (VI) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 2, pp.73-78
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi City
            • Bitchu-cho (Bicchu-cho)
    		Mineralogical Record: 27: 303.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
    		Matsuyama, F. (2001)
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kamaishi City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Yamagata Prefecture
          • Tsuruoka
            • Atsumi-cho
    		Takeshita & Yatagai (1980) Chigaku Kenkyu, 31, 45-50.
    Jordan
     
    http://www.natural-analogues.com/maqarin.htm
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Lier
        • Lierskogen
    		Eldjarn, K.(1973): Zeolitter fra Gjellebekk,Lier. NAGS-nytt. 1 (2),8-9 (in norwegian)
    • Nordland
      • Fauske
        • Sulitjelma
          • Sulitjelma Cu Mines
    		Vogt, T. (1938): Thaumasite from Sulitjelma, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 18, 291–303
    Vogt, T. (1938): Thaumasite from Sulitjelma, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 18, 291–303
    Vogt, T. (1938): Thaumasite from Sulitjelma, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 18, 291–303
    • Oppland
      • Skjåk
    		Garmo, T.T. (2006): Mineralfunn ved Øvre otta uttbygginga 2003-2005. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33: 5-8
    Garmo, T.T. (2006): Mineralfunn ved Øvre otta uttbygginga 2003-2005. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 33: 5-8
    • Oslo
    		Bjørlykke, H. (1960): Årsberetning for 1959. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 211, Årbok 1959, p. 249
    • Sogn og Fjordane
      • Balestrand
    		Nesby, W.H. (1989):" Mineralene fra Fjærlandstunnelen". NAGS-nytt 16(1), 52 (in norwegian)
    • Telemark
      • Skien
    		Jamtveit B., Dahlgren S. and Austrheim H. (1997): High-grade contact metamorphism of calcareous rocks from the Oslo Rift, Southern Norway. American Mineralogist. 82 : 1241 - 1254
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Kraków
        • Dębnik-Dubie area
    		Lewandowska A., Rospondek M. 2002: Thaumasite - a rare mineral containing Si(OH)6 2- groups from Dubie (the Dębnik anticline, S Poland). Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 33, no 1, 25-34
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
        • Katowice area
          • Siemianowice Śląskie
    		Kruszewski L. 2006: Oldhamite-periclase-portlandite-fluorite assemblage and coexisting minerals of burnt dump in Siemianowice Śląskie - Dąbrówka Wielka area (Upper Silesia, Poland) - preliminary report. Mineralogia Polonica Special Papers, vol.28, 118-120
    Romania
     
    • Brașov Co.
    		Szakáll, S., Almási, E., Köllı, A., Sajó, I., Vezzalini, G. (2006): New data about the minerals of the copper ore deposit at Balan (East Carpathians) and of limestone xenolithes from basalt at Racosu de Jos (Persani Mts.), Romania. Acta Mineral.-Petrogr., Abstr. Ser. 5, p. 112. [http://www.mineral.hermuz.hu/acta_05/pdf/szakalls1.pdf]
    • Harghita Co.
      • Odorheiu Secuiesc (Székelyudvarhely; Oderhellen)
        • Also-Rákos (Unter-Krebsenbach)
    		Ed.:Szakáll S.-Kristály F.2010:Mineralogy of Székelyland,Eastern Transylvania,Romania
    • Hunedoara Co.
    		www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Zheleznogorsk
    		Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.; Mazurov et al (2007) Geology of Ore Deposits, 49, 271–284.
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera)
    		A. E. Zadov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Sysert' District
            • Polevskoi (Polevskoi Zavod)
    		Zadov, A. E.; Grabezhev, A. I.; Pertsev, N. N.; Chukanov, N. V.; Pribavkin, S. V. (2006): Tobermorite-plombierite metasomatites of the Gumeshevsk skarn-porphyry copper deposit, Middle Urals. Doklady Earth Sciences 407A, 495-497.
    Slovakia
     
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
        • Vyšná Šebastová
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
    		Calvo, M., Calvo Sevillano, G., Viñals, J. y Sanz, A. (2010). Presencia de ettringita y thaumasita en vacuolas de los basaltos del Campo de Calatrava (Ciudad Real). Macla, 11, 53-54.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Grensman, F., Kalinowski, M.P. and Sandström, F. (2001): Garpenberg Norra. Litofilen. 18 (2), 26-46.
    • Jämtland
      • Åre
        • Åreskutan
    		C.R.Acad.Sci.Paris,(1878) 87, 313; Dana 6:698.
    Widman, O. (1890): Mineralanalytiska meddelanden från Upsala kemiska laboratorium. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar 12 20-29
    • Lappland
      • Gällivare
        • Aitik
    		LTU-DT-0536-SE. Wanhainen.Aitik (Doctoral thesis)
    Xray; Curator J.Langhof, Museum of Natural History (NRM) Stockholm
      • Kiruna
    		No reference listed
    • Södermanland
      • Strängnäs
        • Åker
    		SGU Ca35, 577
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    Uganda
     
    • Kabarole District
    		Barker, D.S. and Nixon, P.H. (1989) High-Ca, low-alkali carbonatite volcanism at Fort Portal, Uganda. Contributions to Minralogy and Petrology.: 103: 166-177.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Co. Durham
        • North Pennines
          • Weardale
            • Cowshill
    		young B, Hyslop E K, Bridges T F and Hubbard N. Thaumasite from High Sedling Mine, Weardale, Co Durham and from Shap, Cumbria, England. Journal of the Russell Soc. 7(1), 40 (1998)
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Embleton
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    • Northern Ireland
      • Co. Down
        • Newtownards
          • Ballyalton
            • Flush Hall
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1960 32 : 416-418.
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Merionethshire)
        • Dolgellau Gold Belt
          • Llanfachreth
    		BMS Database
      • Merthyr Tydfil (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
    		BMS Database
    Wilson, M.J. (1978). "Occurrence of thaumasite in weathered furnace slag, Merthyr Tydfil." Mineralogical magazine, 42,pp:290-291.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 179, 394, 414; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143; Schaller, W.T. (1939), Corrections and additions, Am.Min.: 24: 346-347; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 97, 99, 111.
            • Tombstone
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 304; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143.
      • Graham Co.
        • Aravaipa District
          • Santa Teresa Mts
            • Aravaipa
              • Landsman Camp (Landsman group)
    		Wilson, W.E. (1988), The Iron Cap Mine, Min.Rec.: 19(2): 81-87.
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507
    Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322
    Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Tungsten Hills District (Bishop District)
          • Tungsten Hills
            • Bishop
              • Mount Morgan
    		Gray, R.F., Hoffman, V.F., Bagan, R.J., and McKinley, H.L. (1968) Bishop tungsten district. In Ore Deposits of the United States, 1933-1967. The Graton-Sales volume, New York. A.I.M.E.: 1553; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 478.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941), Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California; American Mineralogist: 26: 367; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 478.
    Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941), Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California; American Mineralogist: 26: 367, 374.
    Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941), Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmore, California; American Mineralogist: 26: 367.
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Ivanpah District (Copper World District)
          • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
            • Clark Mountain Sub-District
              • Clark Mountain
    		Hewett, Donnel Foster (1956) Geology and mineral resources of the Ivanpah quadrangle, California and Nevada, USGS Professional Paper 275, 172 pp.: 70-72, 118; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 394, 478.
    • Colorado
      • San Juan Co.
        • Animas District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Connecticut
      • Hartford Co.
        • Simsbury
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.275
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Spring Mountain District
          • Quartzite Canyon
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Robinson District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Passaic Co.
        • Haledon
    		Mineralogical Record, 40:511-524
        • Little Falls Township
          • Great Notch
    		Min. Collector: 15:113-118 (1908), Papke; Rocks & Min.: 15:111-115 (1940), Sachs; 59:157-183, Peters, Joseph J. (1984); Mins. of NYC & Its Environs, NY Min. Club (1931), Manchester, J.G.; NJ Geol. Survey Bull. #64 (1960), Mason, B.
        • Paterson
    		Rothstein, J. (1970): "Glory Hole" in New Jersey. Lapidary Journal, 24:686-94
    NJ Geol. Survey Bull. #64, Trap Rock Minerals of NJ, Mason, B. (1960); Rocks & Min.: 59:157-183, Peters, Joseph J. (1984).
    Min. Collector 15: 113-118, Papke, H. (1908); Rocks & Min.: 59:157-183, Peters, J.J. (1984); American Museum of Nat. History, NY, specimens.
        • Prospect Park
    		Lapidary Jour.: 32:1700-1720, Mins. of the Watchungs, Part II, Vitali, G. (1978); Rocks & Min.: 59:157-183 (1984), Peters, J.J.; Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241
    Penfield S. L. and J. H. Pratt (1896): On the Occurrence of Thaumasite at West Paterson, New Jersey. American Journal of Science, Fourth Series Vol. 1, No. 3, 229-233.
    • New Mexico
      • Socorro Co.
    		[MinRec 20:24]
    Min Rec 20:1 pp13-24
    • North Carolina
      • Durham Co.
        • Durham
    		Kenny Gay message 15.09.2005
    • Tennessee
      • Polk Co.
    		AmMin 23:876
          • Isabella
    		Schaller, W., 1938, An Unusual Form of Thaumasite from the Ducktown District, Tennessee, American Mineralogist, v23, 876-880.
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • Rocky Range
          • Rocky District
    		Am Min 61:3-4 pp 189-192
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Bingham District (West Mountain District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; North, Jerry (2010) Displays of Nature : History, Minerals & Crystals of Utah's Bingham Canyon Copper Mine.
      • Summit Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Fairfax Co.
        • Culpeper Basin
    No reference listed
      • Highland Co.
        • Doe Hill
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Loudoun Co.
        • Conklin
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Leesburg
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Rob Lavinsky specimens.
      • Prince William Co.
        • Manassas
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Mineral and/or Locality
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