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Toturite

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Big Photo

Lakargi Mt., Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera), Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
© E. Galuskin




Formula:
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
System:Isometric
Member of:Garnet Structural Group
Name:After the Totur River, which passes through Eltyubyu village near the type locality. Totur is also the name of a Balkarian god.


The Sn-analogue of Kerimasite.

Classification of Toturite

IMA status:Approved 2009
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AD.25

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
D : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in [6] and/or greater coordination
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Type Occurrence of Toturite

Type Locality:Lakargi Mt., Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera), Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
General Appearance of Type Material:Thin regular growth zones and irregular spots in kerimasite.
Geological Setting of type material:High-temperature altered carbonate-silicate xenoliths in ignimbrite.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
WadaliteRondorfiteMagnesioferriteLarniteLakargiite
KerimasiteCuspidine

Crystallography of Toturite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Ia3d {I41/a 3 2/d}
Cell Parameters:a = 12.55(3) Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,976.66 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.437 (67)
3.138 (74)
2.806 (59)
2.562 (100)
1.984 (23)
1.677 (91)
1.146 (31)
1.046 (25)

Optical Data of Toturite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Toturite

Formula:
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
Essential elements:Ca, Fe, O, Si, Sn
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, O, Si, Sn
Analytical Data:Empirical formula of the holotype sample.
Empirical Formula:
(Ca
 
2.989
Fe
2+
0.011
)Σ3(Sn
4+
1.463
Sb
5+
0.325
Ti
 
0.193
Zr
 
0.013
Mg
 
0.003
Nb
5+
0.002
Cr
 
0.001
)Σ2(Fe
3+
1.633
Al
 
0.609
Si
 
0.552
Ti
 
0.166
Fe
2+
0.039
V
5+
0.001
)Σ3O
 
12
Relationship of Toturite to other Species
Member of:Garnet Structural Group
Other Members of Group:

- + 
Almandine
Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Andradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Berzeliite
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(SnAl)
Ca
 
3
SbSn(AlO
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(SnFe)
Ca
 
3
SbSn(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(ZrFe)
Ca
 
3
SbZr(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
3
Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Goldmanite
Ca
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
Hibschite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
Irinarassite
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
Al
 
2
SiO
 
12
 
Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
Kerimasite
Ca
 
3
Zr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
Kimzeyite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
((Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Knorringite
Mg
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Majorite
Mg
 
3
(Fe
2+
 
,Si,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Momoiite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Morimotoite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Palenzonaite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
Pyrope
Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Titanoan Andradite
Uvarovite
Ca
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Yafsoanite
Ca
 
3
Zn
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
9.AD.05Larnite
Ca
 
2
SiO
 
4
9.AD.10Calcio-Olivine
Ca
 
2
SiO
 
4
9.AD.15Merwinite
Ca
 
3
Mg(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
9.AD.20Bredigite
Ca
 
7
Mg(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
9.AD.25Andradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Almandine
Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Goldmanite
Ca
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.AD.25Hibschite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
9.AD.25Hydroandradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
9.AD.25Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
9.AD.25Kimzeyite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
((Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Knorringite
Mg
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Majorite
Mg
 
3
(Fe
2+
 
,Si,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Morimotoite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Pyrope
Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Uvarovite
Ca
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.25Wadalite
(Ca,Mg)
 
6
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
((Si,Al)O
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
4
Cl
 
3
9.AD.25Holtstamite
Ca
 
3
(Al,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.AD.25Kerimasite
Ca
 
3
Zr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
9.AD.25Momoiite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.30Coffinite
(U
4+
 
,Th)(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-x
(OH)
 
4x
9.AD.30Hafnon
HfSiO
 
4
9.AD.30Thorite
(Th,U)SiO
 
4
9.AD.30Thorogummite
(Th,U)(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-x
(OH)
 
4x
9.AD.30Zircon
ZrSiO
 
4
9.AD.30Stetindite
Ce
4+
 
SiO
 
4
9.AD.35Huttonite
ThSiO
 
4
9.AD.35Tombarthite-(Y)
Y
 
4
(Si,H
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
12-x
(OH)
 
4+2x
9.AD.40Eulytine
Bi
 
4
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
9.AD.45Reidite
ZrSiO
 
4
Other Names for Toturite
Synonyms:
IMA2009-033
Other Languages:
Other Information
IR Spectrum:Diagnostic Raman bands (cm^-^1): 244, 301, 494, 497, 575, 734
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Toturite
Reference List:

- + 
Galuskina, I.O., Galuskin, E.V., Dzierzanowski, P., Gazeev, V.M., Prusik, K., Pertsev, N.N., Winiarski, A., Zadov, A.E., and Wrzalik, R. (2010): Toturite Ca3Sn2Fe2SiO12 - A new mineral species of the garnet group. American Mineralogist 95(8-9), 1305-1311.
Internet Links for Toturite
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    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Russia
     
    

    • Northern Caucasus Region
    

      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
    

        • Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera)
    
    		Galuskina, I.O., Galuskin, E.V., Dzierzanowski, P., Gazeev, V.M., Prusik, K., Pertsev, N.N., Winiarski, A., Zadov, A.E., and Wrzalik, R. (2010): American Mineralogist 95(8-9), 1305-1311.
    

    


    

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