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Todorokite

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Punta del Aguila, Playa Blanca, Lanzarote, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain
© Volker Betz

Show Todorokite Photos (19)
Formula:
(Mn,Mg,Ca,Ba,K,Na)
 
2
Mn
 
3
O
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Purplish gray, brown to ...
Hardness:1½
Name:Named after its discovery locality, the Todoroki Mine, Hokkaido, Japan.


Cryptomelane Group.

Classification of Todorokite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.09-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DK.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
Dana 8th edition ID:7.8.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.4.19

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
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Type Occurrence of Todorokite

Type Locality:Todoroki mine, Shiribeshi Province, Hokkaido Island, Japan
Year of Discovery:1934

Physical Properties of Todorokite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Purplish gray, brown to black; brown in transmitted light
Hardness (Mohs):1½
Cleavage:Perfect
{100} and {010} perfect.

Crystallography of Todorokite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P2/m (P1 1 2/m) [P2/m] {P1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.75Å, b = 2.84Å, c = 9.59Å
β = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 3.433 : 1 : 3.377
Unit Cell Volume:V 265.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Spongy banded and reniform aggregates composed of minute lathlike crystals. Crystals flattened {010} and elongated [001] with terminal edges inclined about 60° and 70° to [01].
Twinning:Contact twins with c ^ ć about 60°.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
9.65 (100)
7.02 (40)
4.82 (70)
4.48 (70)
3.20 (10)
3.07 (40)
2.75 (10)
2.46 (40)
2.42 (10)
2.35 (40)
2.28 (10)
2.20 (5)
2.13 (10)
1.98 (10)
1.91 (5)
1.77 (10)
Comments:JCPDS 18-1411

Chemical Properties of Todorokite

Formula:
(Mn,Mg,Ca,Ba,K,Na)
 
2
Mn
 
3
O
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Ba, Ca, H, K, Mg, Mn, Na, O
Common Impurities:Ba,K,Na

Relationship of Todorokite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DK.05Akaganeite
β-Fe
3+
 
O(OH,Cl)
4.DK.05Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Coronadite
Pb(Mn,Mn)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Hollandite
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Manjiroite
(Na,K)Mn
 
8
O
 
16
·nH
 
2
O
4.DK.05Mannardite
Ba
 
x
Ti
 
8-2x
V
 
2x
O
 
16
·2-xH
 
2
O
4.DK.05Priderite
(K,Ba)(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.05Redledgeite
Ba
 
x
([Cr,Fe,V]
3+
2x
Ti
 
8-2x
)O
 
16
4.DK.05Henrymeyerite
BaFe
2+
 
Ti
 
7
O
 
16
4.DK.10Cryptomelane
K(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
4.DK.10Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10
4.DK.10Strontiomelane
SrMn
4+
6
Mn
3+
2
O
 
16
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.4.1Bromellite
BeO
7.4.2Behoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.3Clinobehoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.4Chrysoberyl
BeAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.5Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S
Mg
 
3
Al
 
8
BeO
 
16
7.4.6Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S
(Mg,Fe,Zn)
 
2
Al
 
6
BeO
 
12
7.4.7Periclase
MgO
7.4.8Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
7.4.9Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.10Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
7.4.11Lime
CaO
7.4.12Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
7.4.13Mayenite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
33
7.4.14Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
7.4.15Marokite
CaMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.16Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
7.4.17Hollandite
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
7.4.18Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10

Other Names for Todorokite

German names:
Todorokit
Japanese names:
轟石
Russian names:
Тодорокит
Spanish names:
Todorokita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Todorokite

Reference List:Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University (1934), series 4, 2, 289-297.

American Mineralogist (1935): 20: 678.

American Mineralogist (1960): 45: 1167-1184.

American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 1333-1334.

Golden, D.C., C.C. Chen, and J.B. Dixon (1987), Transformation of birnessite to buserite, todorokite, and manganite under mild hydrothermal treatment: Clays and Clay Minerals: 35: 271-280.

American Mineralogist (1988): 73: 861-869.

Post, J. E., Heaney, P. J., Hanson, J. (2003) - Synchroton X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydratation behavior of todorokite. American Mineralogist: 88: 142-150.

Internet Links for Todorokite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Todorokite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Todorokite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Todorokite

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