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Tyrolite

Big Photo

Farbište, Poniky, Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia
© Martin Števko

Show Tyrolite Photos (105)
Formula:
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
9
[(OH)
 
4
|(H
 
2
O)
 
11
|CO
 
3
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 0-1H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Turquoise-blue, ...
Hardness:1½ - 2
Name:Named after its discovery locality, Falkenstein near Schwaz, Tyrol, Austria.


A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Material from the type locality is monoclinic (P2/c; tyrolite-1M); a C-centred monoclinic polytype also exists at the type locality and is called tyrolite-2M (Krivovichev et al., 2006). The status of 'clinotyrolite' (published without IMA approval) is presently unclear although the unit cell given for clinotyrolite is close to that of tyrolite-1M.

The presence of polytypes in tyrolite was already inferred from optical properties by Wieser & Zabinski (1986).

Not all "tyrolites" may contain CO3 groups (see also Church, 1895).

Classification of Tyrolite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.54-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DM.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
M : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.4.3.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:22.4.5

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
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Type Occurrence of Tyrolite

Type Locality:Falkenstein Mt., Falkenstein District, Schwaz, Brixlegg - Schwaz area, Inn valley, North Tyrol, Tyrol, Austria
Year of Discovery:1845

Physical Properties of Tyrolite

Lustre:Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Aggregates silky at times; pearly on {001}.
Colour:Turquoise-blue, blue-green; light bluish green in transmitted light.
Streak:Paler than unpowdered colour.
Hardness (Mohs):1½ - 2
Tenacity:Sectile
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
In [001], well-defined.
Density (measured):3 - 3.2 g/cm3
Comment:3.25 (Tintic material).

Crystallography of Tyrolite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:a = 27.562Å, b = 5.5682Å, c = 10.466Å
β = 98.074°
Ratio:a:b:c = 4.95 : 1 : 1.88
Unit Cell Volume:V 1590.3 ų
Morphology:Crystals tiny pseudo-hexagonal twinned aggregates flattened on {010} and bounded laterally by {100}. Radiated groups, columnar; dendritic forms; commonly as fan-shaped and closely foliated aggregates; crusts and reniform masses with a radiated foliaceous structure and a drusy surface; divergent fibrous.
Twinning:On {101}, repeated, yielding pseudo-hexagonal aggregates.
Comment:Space group P2/c (1M-polytype); cell parameters of 2M-polytype (C2/c) are: a = 54.520(6), b = 5.5638(6), c = 10.4647(10) Å, beta = 96.432(9)°, V = 3154.4(6) Å3.

Optical Data of Tyrolite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.694 nβ = 1.726 nγ = 1.730
2V:Measured: 33° to 39°, Calculated: 38°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.036

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:relatively strong
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X = b = Pale grass-green
Y = c = Pale yellowish green
Z = a = Pale grass-green

Chemical Properties of Tyrolite

Formula:
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
9
[(OH)
 
4
|(H
 
2
O)
 
11
|CO
 
3
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 0-1H
 
2
O
Essential elements:As, C, Ca, Cu, H, O
All elements listed in formula:As, C, Ca, Cu, H, O
Common Impurities:S,O

Relationship of Tyrolite to other Species

Common Associates:
MalachiteLimoniteErythriteCupriteChrysocolla
AzuriteAurichalcite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DM.05Morinite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
Al
 
4
[(F,OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DM.05Esperanzaite
NaCa
 
2
Al
 
2
[F
 
4
|OH|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
8.DM.10Clinotyrolite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
9
[(OH,O)
 
10
|(AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 10H
 
2
O
8.DM.15Betpakdalite
{Mg(H
 
2
O)
 
6
}Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
13
[Mo
6+
8
As
5+
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
36
(OH)](H
 
2
O)
 
4
8.DM.15Melkovite
CaFeH
 
6
(MoO
 
4
)
 
4
PO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O or near·
8.DM.15Natrobetpakdalite
(Na
 
2
,Ca)Fe
 
2
(As
 
2
Mo
 
6
O
 
28
)·15H
 
2
O
8.DM.20Phosphovanadylite
(Ba,Ca,K,Na)x[(V,Al)4P2(O,OH)16]·12(H2O) x~0.66
8.DM.25Yukonite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
 
[(OH)
 
3
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 5H
 
2
O
8.DM.30Uduminelite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
8
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
12
·2H
 
2
O
8.DM.35Delvauxite
CaFe
 
4
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
·4-6H
 
2
O not confirmed·
8.DM.40Santafeite
(Ca,Sr,Na)
 
12
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mg)
 
8
Mn
4+
8
(VO
 
4
)
 
16
(OH,O)
 
20
 · 8H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
22.4.1Bradleyite
Na
 
3
Mg[PO
 
4
|CO
 
3
]
22.4.2Kovdorskite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)·3H
 
2
O
22.4.3Carbonate-rich Apatite-(CaOH)
Ca
 
5
[(OH,O)|(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
22.4.4Carbonate-rich Apatite-(CaF)
Ca
 
5
[(F,O)|(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
22.4.6Heneuite
CaMg
 
5
(CO
 
3
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
OH
22.4.7Girvasite
NaCa
 
2
Mg
 
3
[(OH)
 
2
|CO
 
3
|H
 
2
PO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
22.4.8Daqingshanite-(Ce)
(Sr,Ca,Ba)
 
2
(Ce,La)PO
 
4
(CO
 
3
,OH,F)
 
3
22.4.9Gartrellite
Pb(Cu,Fe
3+
 
,Zn)
 
2
[AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
22.4.10Voggite
Na
 
2
Zr[OH|CO
 
3
|PO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
22.4.11Bonshtedtite
Na
 
3
Fe
2+
 
[PO
 
4
|CO
 
3
]

Other Names for Tyrolite

Synonyms:
AphrochalciteCopper frothKupaphriteLeirochroiteTrichalcite
Other Languages:
Catalan:Tirolita
Dutch:Tyroliet
German:Aphrochalcit
Kupaphrit
Kupferschaum
Leirochroit
Tirolit
Trichalcit
Tyrolit
Italian:Tirolite
Slovak:Tirolit
Spanish:Aphrochalcita
Kupaphrita
Leirochroita
Tirolita
Trichalcita
Tyrolita

Polytypes for Tyrolite

Polytypes:
Tyrolite-1MTyrolite-2M

Other Information

Other Information:Readily soluble in cold HCl. Soluble in ammonia.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Tyrolite

Reference List:Werner (as Kupferschaum).

Hoffmann, C.A.S. (1816) Handbuch der Mineralogie volume 3A and 3B: 3: 180 (as Kupferschaum).

Hoffmann, C.A.S. (1817) Handbuch der Mineralogie volume 4A: 19, 50 (as Kupferschaum).

Shepard C.U. (1832) Treatise on Mineralogy. First edition: vol. 1, New Haven: 1: 294 (as Kupaphrite).

Haidinger (1845) Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Vienna: 509 (as Tirolit).

Hermann (1858) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 73: 212 (as Trichalcite).

Hillebrand and Washington (1888) American Journal of Science: 35: 301.

Hillebrand and Dana (1890) American Journal of Science: 39: 273.

Church, A.H. (1895) A chemical study of some native arsenates and phosphates. Mineralogical Magazine, 11, 1-12.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 144, 147.

Hintze, Carl (1931) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4B]: 1078.

Wolfe (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 799.

Berry (1948) American Mineralogist: 33: 193 (abstract).

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 739-740 (as Trichalcite), 925.

Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie (1956): 79: 7.

Wieser, T. & Zabinski, W. (1986): Copper arsenate and sulphate minerals from Miedzianka near Kielce (Poland). Mineralogica Polonica 17 (1), 17-42. [gives detailed optical property data]

Kloprogge, J. T. and Frost, R. L. (2000): Raman microscopy study of tyrolite: a multi-anion arsenate mineral. Appl. Spectrosc. 54, 517-521.

Krivovichev, S. V., Chernyshov, D. Yu., Döbelin, N., Kahlenberg, V., Tessadri, R., Armbruster, T. and Kaltenhauser, G. (2005): The crystal structure of tyrolite, Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8(H2O)10: synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 151, 74.

Krivovichev, S.V., Chernyshov, D. Yu., Dobelin, N., Armbruster, Th., Kahlenberg, V., Kaindl, R., Ferraris, G., Tessadri, R., Kaltenhauser, G. (2006). Crystal chemistry and polytypism of tyrolite. American Mineralogist, 91, 1378-1384.

Internet Links for Tyrolite

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  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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    Localities for Tyrolite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Arnoldstein
          • Feistritz an der Gail
    		H. Meixner: Der Karinthin 5:81-83 (1949)
        • Kirchbach
    		H. Meixner: Der Karinthin 5:81-83 (1949)
        • Paternion
          • Pöllan
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • St Stefan an der Gail
          • Kerschdorf
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Bad Eisenkappel (Bad Eisenkappl)
          • Ebriach
    		G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001)
          • Rijavitzagraben (Jeravitzagraben; Remscheniggraben)
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel Mt.
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996,4 p.186-192]
    • Lower Austria
      • Gloggnitz
        • Edlach an der Rax
    		Niederösterreichisches Landesmuseum collection
    • Salzburg
      • Radstadt
        • St Martin
    		Poeverlein, R. (1990): Mineralien der Koreinhöhe. Mineral. Arch. Salzburg, 2, 41.
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
              • Inschlag Alp
    		C.L. Lengauer, G. Giester, E. Kirchner: Mineralogy and Petrology 81:187-201 (2004)
              • Schwarzleo District
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Poeverlein, R. (2008): Euchroit und seine Begleiter vom prähistorischen Bergbau, Leogang, Österreich. Lapis, 33 (5), 13-22.
    • Styria
      • Bad Aussee
        • Wienern
    		Taucher, J. (1995)
      • Knittelfeld
        • Flatschach
          • Cu deposit
    		Jarlowsky, W. (1964): Die Kupfererzgänge von Flatschach bei Knittelfeld. Archiv für Lagerstättenforschung in den Ostalpen, 2, 32-75; Gröbner, J. (2000): Neue Mineralienfunde aus Österreich (2). Mineralien-Welt, 11 (5), 49-51.
        • Kleinfeistritz
    		Postl, W. (1977)
      • Liesing - Palten valley
        • Rottenmann
          • Bärndorf
    		Postl, W. & Walter, F. (1984); Exel, R. (1993)
    H. Sarp and J. Deferne (1983) "Geneveite" or theisite? Arch. Sc. Geneve, 36, 163-168 (in French).
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg Mt.
    		Schnorrer, G. and Poeverlein, R. (2002) Schwaz-Brixlegg-Fundstellen: 2. Die Minerale des Stockerstollens bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss, 53, 209-228.
              • Gratlspitz Mt.
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2005): Schwaz-Brixlegger-Fundstellen: 3. Die Minerale vom Bergbau Maukenötz bei Brixlegg, Tirol. Der Aufschluss, 56, 223-234.
              • St Gertraudi
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926; Lapis (1994): 19(7/8): 13-78.
            • Schwaz
    		Gstrein, P. (1981): Prähistorischer Bergbau am Burgstall bei Schwaz (Tirol). Veröffentl. d. Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum 61, 25-46
              • Falkenstein District
    		Haidinger, W. v. (1845) Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Vienna (1845); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926.
    Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994)
              • Ringenwechsel District
                • Weißer Schrofen
    		Schnorrer, G., Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Minerale des Martinstollens am Weißen Schrofen, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 58, 27-40
          • Pfunds
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Stanz valley
          • Flirsch
    		J. Gröbner, U. Kolitsch, R. Poeverlein & M. Strasser (2008): Ein ungewöhnliches Fahlerzvorkommen bei der Flirscher Schihütte im Stanzer Tal, Tirol. Lapis 34, 13-19; 58.
    • Vorarlberg
      • Montafon
        • Vandans
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); Niedermayr, G. et al. (1988): Tennantit und Tirolit sowie andere Mineralien aus dem Permoskyth des Montafons (Buxwald), Vorarlberg. Carinthia II, 178./98., 181-214.
          • Rells valley
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2003): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LII. Carinthia II, 193./113., 195-216; Natural History Museum Vienna collection
    Bulgaria
     
    • Balkan Mts (Stara-Planina Mts)
    		Mincheva-Stefanova, I. (1968): Strashimirite, a new hydrous copper arsenate. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 97, 470-477 (in Russian). [Abstract in Am. Mineral. 54 (1969) 1221];
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
        • Tierra Amarilla
          • Pampa Larga district
    		Dr. Robert A. Jenkins find - personal comunication.
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Santa Rosa-Huantajaya District
    		Rob Lavinky samples; analysed by XRD methods in USA
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Debao Co.
    		Yi Li and Lairen Lai (1990): Acta Geologica Sinica 64, 337-343.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Kunming Prefecture
        • Dongchuan District
          • Dongchuan Cu ore field
    		Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy
    Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Jičín (Jitschin; Gitschin)
    		Pauliš, P., Moravec, B.: Tirolit z Doubravice u Jičína. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1990, roč. 35, č. 4, s. 430.
        • Náchod (Nachod)
    		Černý, P., Doubek, Z., Veselovský, F.: Nerosty z Bělovsi u Náchoda – Jiráskova lomu. Minerál, roč. 11, č. 6, s. 406-418.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Horní Slavkov (Schlaggenwald)
          • Krásno
    		Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Javorník
    		Sejkora, J.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 105-110.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Štěpánov nad Svratkou
    		Velebil, D., Kráčmar, L.: Ložisko Borovec u Štěpánova (štěpánovský revír). Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 3, s. 163-181.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Munster
    		J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
        • Rouffach
          • Osenbach
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		 Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54
        • Narbonne
          • Tuchan
            • Padern
    		Favreau, G., Berbain, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Cyanophyllite et autres minéraux rares de Padern (Aude). Le Cahiers des Micromonteurs, 82(4), 17-23.
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		[Le Règne Minéral 1997, 13, p.5-18]
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Nantiat
          • Vaulry
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • Val-d'Ajol
    		Lheur C., Moreau F. (1994), Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d'Ajol (Vosges), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 3-14
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
    Gourault C. (1997), Indice de Beyrède-Jumet (Hautes Pyrénées), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 5-9
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Pradet
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 579, 926; UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Gronne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg".
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 1988, 4, p.6-46]
        • Monsols
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Bad Rippoldsau
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Calw
    		Walenta, K. (1992): \"Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes\", Weise (Munich).
        • Freudenstadt
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Hausach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Kandern
          • Endenburg
    		Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    Emser Hefte 15(3), 2-40 (1994)
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		No reference listed
          • Spitzberg Mt.
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Dörrmorsbach
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
          • Hösbach
            • Sailauf
              • Hartkoppe Mt.
    		see locality page
          • Schöllkrippen
            • Großkahl
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
            • Huckelheim
    		- Hock, J. & Weis, T. (1992): Ehemalige Grube 'Segen Gottes' bei Huckelheim eine Fundstelle im Zechstein des Spessarts. Der Aufschluss, 43, 55-63. (in German)
            • Sommerkahl
    		No reference listed
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Richelsdorf District
          • Süss
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1992
      • Odenwald
        • Nieder-Ramstadt
          • Nieder-Beerbach
    		Belendorff, K. (1986): Erze und Sekundärmineralien von Nieder-Beerbach/Odenwald. LAPIS 11 (10), 25-28 +58.
        • Wald-Michelbach
          • Mackenheim
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Spessart Mts
        • Freigericht
          • Altenmittlau
    		Lapis 1985(1), 13-16; Emser Hefte 1988(1), 56-64
        • Gelnhausen
          • Bieber
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926.
      • Taunus Mts
        • Idstein
          • Heftrich
    		S. Weiss: Mineralfundstellen Deutschland West, Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Usingen
          • Münster
    		Emser Hefte 1982(2), 42-48
        • Villmar
          • Langhecke
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Weilmünster
          • Laubuseschbach
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Lauterberg
    		J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg, Bad Lauterberg und von Oberschulenberg im Harz, MINERALIEN-WELT 18 (2007), 43-51.
        • St Andreasberg District
          • Beerberg hill
    		J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg, Bad Lauterberg und von Oberschulenberg im Harz, MINERALIEN-WELT 18 (2007), 43-51.
          • Sieber
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Kirchheimbolanden
        • Imsbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Lahn valley
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Taunus Mts
        • St Goarshausen
          • Wellmich
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Clausnitz - Sayda District
          • Sayda
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Schneeberg District
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
          • Neustädtel
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
    • Thuringia
      • Harz Mts
        • Stempeda
    		J. Gröbner & J. Wesiger (2008): Die Mineralien des Kupferschieferbergbaus an südlichen Harzrand bei Ilfeld in Thüringen. Mineralien-Welt 19 (2), 18-28.
      • Saalfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Thuringian Forest
        • Gräfenroda
          • Bergmannskopf
    		Knoll, H. (2009): Interessante Fundstellen bei Gräfenroda im Thüringer Wald. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 50-61.
        • Schmalkalden
          • Seligenthal
    		No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
        • Pécs
    		Acta Min. Petro.(Szeged): Szakáll- Birch-Kovács-Postl: Arsenate minerals from Hungary, 1994
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    • Co. Kerry
      • Beara
        • Tuosist
    		Moreton, S. & Green, D.I. (2006) UK Journal of Mines & Minerals, No. 27, p41-4.
      • Killarney
        • Lough Leane
    		No reference listed
    • Co. Tipperary
      • Monard
    		Barry Flannery Collection
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Redazionale (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia del Ferrania Club, 19 , 3-5.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Viù Valley
              • Usseglio
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Lapis, 20 (7/8), 41-64+76.
    Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926.
        • Elba Island
          • Capoliveri
            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    		W. Strohschneider (1975) - Neue Elba Minerallen - Der Aufschluss, 12.
      • Massa-Carrara Province
        • Apuan Alps
    		Orlandi P., Franzini M., 1994. I minerali del marmo di Carrara. Amilcare Pizzi S.p.A., Milano.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
          • Mine City
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Oita prefecture
        • Saeki city
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Zhezqazghan Oblysy (Dzezkazgan Oblast'; Dzhezkazgan Oblast'; Djezkazgan Oblast'; Jezkazgan Oblast')
      • Balqash (Balkhash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
        • Chu-Ili Mts
          • Alakol' Lake
    		Amer.Min.(1963) 48, 210-211
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Alai (Alay) Range
    		[Lapis 1993:11 p11-24]
        • Fergana Valley
    		[Lapis 11:11-24]
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Czarnów
          • Rędziny
    		Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52.
        • Jelenia Góra District
          • Miedzianka (Kupferberg)
    		R Siuda collection
    • Świętokrzyskie
      • Świętokrzyskie Mts (Holy Cross Mts)
        • Kielce District
          • Chęciny
    		Wieser, T. & Zabinski, W. (1986): Copper arsenate and sulphate minerals from Miedzianka near Kielce (Poland). Mineralogica Polonica 17 (1), 17-42.
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
    		Collected by Gábor Koller,Analysed by HOM(S.Szakáll)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926.
      • Tuva Republic
    		Yakhontova, L. K.; Stolyarova, T. I.; Dubinchuk, V. T.; Sidorenko, G. A. (1972): Find of trichalcite. Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshchest. 101, 91-96. (in Russian)
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod)
          • Krasnoturjinsk (Bogolovsk; Krasnotur'insk; Krasnoturyinsk)
            • Turya River
              • Turjinsk
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 740 (as Trichalcite).
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Starohorské Mts
        • Špania Dolina ore belt
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926; Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 3 Sed-Ž, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 1247-1256.
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Koděra, M., a kol.: Topografická mineralogie Slovenska. Sv. 2 Ko-Seč, Bratislava, Veda 1990, s. 731 – 738.
        • Poniky
    		Pauliš, P., Ďuďa, R.: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Slovenska. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2002, s. 50 - 51.
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Betliar
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
        • Spišská Nová Ves Mining District
          • Novoveská Huta
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Huercal-Overa
    		Viñals, J. et al., 2004, Parnauita, paratacamita y otros minerales secundarios de Cerro Minado, Almería, Revista de Minerales, 2 (5): 47 -49
      • Granada
        • Molvizar
    		Castillo, R. Arana & Mallego, M. Rodriguez (1972):. Tyrolite from Molvizar (Granada). Cuad. Geol., Univ. Granada 3, 41-47. (in Spanish)
      • Jaén
        • Linares-La Carolina District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926.
    • Asturias
      • Ortigueiro
    		Julio Alberto Cendon Martinez
    • Castile and Leon
      • León
        • Cármenes
    		José Rafael González López collection
    • Murcia
      • Mazarrón-Águilas
        • Pastrana
    		Jordi Fabre
    • Valencian Community
      • Castellón
        • Pavías
    		Adrián Pesudo
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 405.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Landwasser Valley
          • Schmitten
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 405.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): \"Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz\", Wepf (Basel), p. 405.
      • Binn Valley
        • Kriegalp Valley (Chriegalp Valley)
    		Kolitsch, U. (1998): Neue Mineralfunde vom Wannigletscher im Binntal, Schweiz. Mineralien-Welt 9 (3), 45-53. (in German)
      • Les Bagnes Valley
        • Champsec
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 405.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cheshire
        • Alderley Edge
    		No reference listed
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Gunnislake Area
    		No reference listed
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Carn Brea area
            • Carn Brea and Tincroft United Mine
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Potts Gill
    		No reference listed
      • Derbyshire
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 926.
      • Devon
        • Dartmoor & Teign Valley District
          • Ilsington & Ashburton Area
            • Ashburton
    		BMS Collection
      • Leicestershire
        • Stanton under Bardon
    		UKJMM 26:31-42
      • Somerset
        • Bridgwater (Bridgewater)
          • Dodington
    		pers comm
    • Scotland
      • Central Region (Clackmannanshire)
        • Alva
          • Silver Glen
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Kirkcudbrightshire)
        • Needle's Eye
    		BMS Database
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Trefeirig
          • Goginan
    		No reference listed
      • Gwynedd (Merionethshire)
        • Dolgellau Gold Belt
          • Bontddu
            • Vigra Mine
    		BMS Database
      • Powys (Radnorshire)
        • Old Radnor
          • Wethel
    		[UKJMM 20:5]
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Pinal Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 405.
    • Idaho
      • Shoshone Co.
        • Pine Creek District
          • Pinehurst
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Michigan
      • Keweenaw Co.
        • Mohawk
    		[Mineralogical Record - Vol 23 No. 2]
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Table Mountain District
          • Cottonwood Canyon
            • Bolivia
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Truckee District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Rock Hill District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Weepah District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Cortez District
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180.
    Jensen, M. (1993): Update on the mineralogy of the Majuba Hill mine, Pershing County. Mineralogical Record. 24, 171-180.
      • Washoe Co.
        • Peavine District
          • Copperfield area
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Pyramid District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New York
      • St Lawrence Co.
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 17788
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Dana 6:1092; Dana 7:II:579.
    No reference listed
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Dana 6: 1092; Dana 7:II:562; Rocks & Min.: 63:130.
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • San Juan Co.
        • Big Indian District (Big Indian Wash - Lisbon Valley Area)
    		R&M 68:6 p372-380
    Mineral News: 8(1): 6-7.
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
            • Gold Hill
              • Gold Hill Mine (Western Utah Mine)
    		Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22; Mineralogical Record: 32: 215 (mine in general).
    Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    Mineral and/or Locality
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