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Ulvöspinel

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Luna 24 landing site, Mare Crisium, The Moon
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Formula:
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
System:IsometricColour:Iron-black, brown in ...
Lustre:MetallicHardness:5½ - 6
Member of:Spinel Group
Name:For the type locality, on Ulvö Island, Sweden, and its spinel structure.
This page provides mineralogical data about Ulvöspinel.

Classification of Ulvöspinel

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.04-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.5.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.9.17

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti
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Type Occurrence of Ulvöspinel

Type Locality:Södra Ulvön (Ulvö), Örnsköldsvik, Ångermanland, Sweden

Physical Properties of Ulvöspinel

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Iron-black, brown in reflected light
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6

Crystallography of Ulvöspinel

Crystal System:Isometric

Optical Data of Ulvöspinel

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Ulvöspinel

Formula:
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
Essential elements:Fe, O, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Fe, O, Ti

Relationship of Ulvöspinel to other Species

Member of:Spinel Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Brunogeierite
Fe
2+
2
Ge
4+
 
O
 
4
Chromite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
O
 
4
Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
Coulsonite
Fe
2+
 
V
3+
2
O
 
4
Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
Hercynite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
O
 
4
Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Magnesiochromite
Mg(Cr,Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
Magnesioferrite
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.BB.05Brunogeierite
Fe
2+
2
Ge
4+
 
O
 
4
4.BB.05Chromite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Coulsonite
Fe
2+
 
V
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
4.BB.05Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Hercynite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiochromite
Mg(Cr,Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesioferrite
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
4.BB.05Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
4.BB.10Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.15Maghemite
Fe
3+
2
O
 
3
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,◻)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.20Tegengrenite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Sb
5+
0.5
(Mn
3+
 
,Si,Ti)
 
0.5
O
 
4
4.BB.25Xieite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.9.1Hongquiite
TiO
7.9.2Rutile
TiO
 
2
7.9.3Anatase
TiO
 
2
7.9.4Brookite
TiO
 
2
7.9.5Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
7.9.6Perovskite
CaTiO
 
3
7.9.7Kassite
CaTi
 
2
O
 
4
(OH)
 
2
7.9.8Tausonite
SrTiO
 
3
7.9.9Crichtonite
(Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.10Lucasite-(Ce)
CeTi
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.11Hibonite
(Ca,Ce)Al
 
12
O
 
19
7.9.12Yttrocrasite-(Y)
(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.9.13Pyrophanite
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
7.9.14Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
7.9.15Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
7.9.16Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
7.9.18Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
7.9.19Freudenbergite
Na
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.20Kennedyite
MgFe
3+
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
10
7.9.21Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
7.9.22Högbomite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al,Ti)
 
5
O
 
10
7.9.23Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
7.9.24Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.9.25Loveringite
(Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe,Cr,Mg)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.26Lindsleyite
(Ba,Sr)(Ti,Zr,Fe,Cr)
 
21
O
 
38
7.9.27Priderite
K(Ti
4+
7
Fe
3+
 
)O
 
16
7.9.28Jeppeite
(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
O
 
13
7.9.29Ankangite
Ba(Ti,V
3+
 
,Cr)
 
8
O
 
16
7.9.30Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
7.9.31Landauite
NaMnZn
 
2
(Ti,Fe)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38

Other Names for Ulvöspinel

Synonyms:
Ferro-ortho-titanateUlvite
Other Languages:
German:Ulvit
Ulvöspinell
Japanese:ウルボスピネル
Russian:Ульвошпинель
Simplified Chinese:钛铁尖晶石
Spanish:Ulvita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ulvöspinel

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist (1955): 40: 138.

Economic Geology: 48: 677-688.

Canadian Mineralogist (1980): 18: 339-341.

Internet Links for Ulvöspinel

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    • Localities for Ulvöspinel

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    • Sahara Desert
      • Lakhbi
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb88.pdf.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Transantarctic Mts
        • Pecora Escarpment
          • LaPaz Ice Field
    		http://aaa.wustl.edu/Work/pub_files/lap02205.html
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Calamuchita Department
    		O. Rabbia, L. Hernández, A. Demichelis y J. Coniglio (1993). Mineralogia de cromitas y óxidos asociados de las serpentinitas del extremo sur de las sierras de Córdoba. 12° Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2do Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, 5: 73-81.
    • Mendoza
    		ZAPPETTINI, Eduardo O.; BRODTKORB, Milka K. de; BERNHARDT, Heinz-Jürgen and VILLAR, Luisa. The spinels of the alcaline complex Puesto la Peña, province of Mendoza. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 544-549
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Stubach valley
          • Fellern
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Santa Catarina
    		G. Traversa et al., European Journal of Mineralogy, 1996, Vol. 8, N° 1, pp. 193-208.
    Burkina Faso
     
    • Sahel Region
      • Oudalan Province
        • Oursi
    		Econ Geol (1980) 75:1042-1052
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
    		Anton R. Chakhmouradian and Roger H. Mitchell (2001) Three compositional varieties of perovskite from kimberlites of the Lac de Gras Field (Northwest Territories, Canada). Mineralogical Magazine 65:133-148
    • Nunavut Territory
      • Baffin Island
    		Hogarth (1997) Can. Min. 35, 53-78.
      • Somerset Island
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 18, pp.24l-250 (1980)
    Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1976) 56:157-172
    • Ontario
      • Timiskaming District
        • Kirkland Lake area
          • Gauthier Township
    		R. H. Mitchell (1978) Composition of spinels in micaceous kimberlite from the Upper Canada Mine, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. Can Mineral 16:591-595
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		SCHILLING, J., FROST, B.R., MARKS, M.A.W., WENZEL, T., and MARKL, G. (2011a) Fe-Ti oxide-silicate (QUIIF-type) equilibria
    China
     
    • Hubei Province
      • Shiyan Prefecture
    		Zhixin Ma (1990): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 10(3), 273-277
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Prefecture
        • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Co.
          • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
    		Jingwen Mao, Pirajno, F., Zuoheng Zang, Fengmei Chai, Hua Wu, Shiping Chen, Linsong Cheng, Jianmin Yang, and Changqing Zhang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (in press).
    Jiaxin Zhang (2003): Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals 26(3), 15-17; Yuwang Wang, Jingbin Wang, Lijuan Wang, Xiaoming Peng, Weidong Hui, and Quanxin Qin (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 80(1), 61-73; Yan Sun, Yuanfu Xiao, Wei Feng, Fahui Xiong, and Zhiqiang Zhao (2009): Geology in China 36(4), 871-877
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • South Bohemia Region
        • České Budějovice (Budweis)
    		Welser P., Zikeš J.: Magnetit z pegmatitu od Rudolfova u Č. Budějovic. Minerál, 2011, 19, 1, 12-15.
    Finland
     
    • Northern Finland Region
      • Kajaani
        • Otanmäki
    French West Indies
     
    • Guadeloupe
      • Basse-Terre
    		Ch. Lefèvre and Ph. Cocusse, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 189-208.
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Gerolstein
          • Roth
    		Blaß, G. & Schüller, W. (2012): Der Rother Kopf in der Vulkaneifel. Lapis, 37 (3), 20-29.
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		Blass, G., Graf, H.W., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 12/1, 17-25, 2001
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		Soerensen, H. (2001): The Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new results, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, GEUS
      • Qeqertarsuaq Island (Disko Island)
    		Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 80: (1982).358-366. 385
    India
     
    • Maharashtra
      • Mumbai District (Bombay District)
        • Murud-Janjira
    		A.G. Dessai et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1990, 2, pp. 667-685.
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Morocco
     
    Meteoritical Bulletin 86: July, 2002
    www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Hinnøya
        • Lødingen
    		Krogh, E.J. (1977): Origin and metamorphism of iron formations and associated rocks, Lofoten-Vesterålen, N. Norway. I. The Vestpolltind Fe-Mn-deposit. Lithos, 10: 243-255
      • Lofoten
        • Vågan
          • Austvågøya
            • Kabelvåg
    		Carstens, H. (1957): Investigations of titaniferous iron ore deposits. Part I. Gabbros and associated titaniferous iron ore in the West-Norwegian gneisses. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskap Skrifter. 1957, 3, 1-67.
    Griffin, W.L., Heier, K.S., Taylor, P.N. & Weigand, P.W. (1974): General geology, age and chemistry of the Raftsund mangerite intrusion, Lofoten, Vesterålen. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 312, 1-30.(p. 19); Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 58.
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Nordmarka
    		Kristoffersen, Y.( 1973): A magnetic investigations of the larvikite complex SW of the lake Gjerdingen. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 53, 267-281 (p. 280)
    • Rogaland
      • Bjerkreim
        • Ørsdalen
    		Urban, H. (1971): Zur Kenntnis der schichtgebundenen Wolfram-Molybdän-Vererzung im Örsdalen (Rogaland), Norwegen. Mineralium Deposita 6: 177-195. Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 58
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar (Al Janubiyah) Province
    The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 JULY, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, Axxx–Axxx (2004)
    Poland
     
    • Opolskie
      • Opole District
        • Niemodlin commune
          • Gracze
    		W. Szeliga, Mineralogical Society of Poland, Special Papers, 2004, V 24, pp. 369-372.
    • Podlaskie
      • Suwałki District
        • Suwałki Massif
    		Kucha H., Kwiecińska B., Piestrzyński A., Wieczorek A. 1979: On the genesis of graphite from magnetite rocks of Krzemianka (NE Poland). Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 10, no 2, 81-88
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Zheleznogorsk
    		Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altaiskii Krai
        • Gornyi Altai
          • Kharlovo
    		I.I Likhanov et al., Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 379-389.
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Estopiñán del Castillo
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
        • Sopeira
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Cantabria
      • Santander
    		B. Azambre et al. , Bull. Minéral; , 1987, 110, pp. 379-396.
    • Galicia
      • A Coruña (La Coruña)
        • Malpica
          • La Pioza
    		J.I. Gil Ibarguchi, Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 403-415.
    Sweden
     
    • Ångermanland
      • Örnsköldsvik
    		Mogensen, F. (1946): A ferro-ortho-titanate ore from Södra Ulvön, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 68: 578-588; Can. Mineral. (1980) 18, 339–341
    • Småland
      • Jönköping
        • Månsarp
    		MinMag 42, 265
    The Moon
     
    • Descartes Highlands
    		Walker, D., J. Longhi, T.L. Grove, E.M. Stolper, and J.F. Hays (1973) Experimental petrology and origin of rocks from the Descartes Highlands. Proc. Fourth Lunar Sci. Conf., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta Suppl. 4, p. 1013-1032.; Dowty, E., Keil, K., & Prinz, M. (1974) Igneous rocks from Apollo 16 rake samples. In: Lunar Science Conference, 5th, Houston, Tex., March 18-22, 1974, Proceedings. Volume 2. (A75-39540 19-91) New York, Pergamon Press, Inc., 1974, p. 431-445.
    • Fra Mauro Highlands
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV (2004)
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003) and XXXV (2004)
    A.V. Mokhov & P.M. Kartashov analytical data
    Mokhov A.V., Kartashov P.M., Bogatikov O.A. (2007) Moon under a microscope, - Moscow, Nauka, p.128 (in Rus.).; Pavel Kartashov
    • Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility)
    		Agrell, S. O., Boyd, F. R., Bunch, T. E., Cameron, E. N., Dence, M. R., Douglas, J. A. V., (1970) Titanian chromite, aluminian chromite and chromian ulvöspinel from Apollo 11 rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, Volume 1. Proceedings of the Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference held 5-8 January, 1970 in Houston, TX. Volume 1: Mineraolgy and Petrology. Edited by A. A. Levinson. New York: Pergammon Press, 1970., p.81
    • Taurus-Littrow Valley
    		www.union.edu/PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/petrology/moon_rocks/70017.htm
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Gila Co.
        • San Carlos Indian Reservation
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 221, 406; Caporuscio, F.A. (1980), Alkalic lavas from the San Carlos, Arizona province (abstract), Amer. Geophys. Union, 1979 Fall annual meeting.
    • Arkansas
      • Pike Co.
        • Murfreesboro
    		AmMin 85:420-429 (2000)
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Amboy
    		Smith, A.L. and Carmichael, I.S.E. (1969) Quaternary trachybasalts from southeastern California. American Mineralogist: 54: 915; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 152.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Fremont Co.
        • Iron Mountain complex
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Hawaii
      • Maui Co.
        • Maui
          • West Maui
    		Danielle Velde (1978) American Mineralogist, 63, 771-778.
    • Maine
      • Knox Co.
        • Union
    • Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
    		Rice, Jack M., Dickey, John S. Jr., and Lyons, John B. (1971): Skeletal Crystallization of Pseudobrookite (American Mineralogist 56:158-162.)
    • New York
      • Essex Co.
        • Mineville District
          • Moriah Township
    		GROSS,S.O., 1968, TITANIFEROUS ORES OF THE SANFORD LAKE DISTRICT, NEW YORK, IN ORE DEPOSITS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1933-1967 (GRATON-SALES VOLUME), VOL.1: NEW YORK, A.I.M.E.,INC. P.140-153.
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • Halifax Co.
    		Stoddard,E.F.,(1992),A new suite of post-ororgenic dikes in eastern North Carolina Piedmont:Part II.Mineralogy and geochemistry,Southeastern Geology,V.32,no.3,pg.119-142
      • Warren Co.
    		Stoddard,E.F.,(1992) A new suite of post-orogenic dikes in eastern North Carolina Piedmont:Part II.Mineralogy and geochemistry,Southeastern Geology,v.32,no.3,pg.119-142
    • Pennsylvania
      • York Co.
        • Frogtown
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Mins. New to the Pa List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Soc. of PA, Inc.: 35, 75; Smith, R. C., II (1973), "Geochemistry of Triassic Diabase from SE Pennsylvania," unpub. PhD Dissertation, 262 p., PA State Univ.;
    • Wyoming
      • Campbell Co.
        • Reno Junction
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 1440-1448, 1988
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