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Uvarovite

Big Photo

Saranovskii Mine (Saranovskoe), Saranovskaya (Sarany) Village, Gorozavodskii area, Permskaya Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
© Tony Peterson

Show Uvarovite Photos (79)
Formula:
Ca
 
3
Cr
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
System:IsometricColour:Green, emerald-green, ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:6½ - 7
Name:Named after Count Sergey Semeonovich Uvarov (1786-1855), Russian statesman and scholar, President of the Academy of St Petersburg (1818-1855).


Garnet Group. Grossular-Uvarovite Series.

Uvarovite is the name given to the green calcium chromium garnet end member.
The name has frequently been misused in the past to refer to other green and/or chromium-bearing garnets, many so-called 'Uvarovites' are actually chromian Grossular, chromian Pyrope, green Andradite (the so-called Iranian 'uvarovite') or even the rare Knorringite (magnesium chromium garnet).

Classification of Uvarovite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/A.08-130
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AD.25

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
D : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in [6] and/or greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:51.4.3b.3

51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with cations in [6] and >[6] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.15.5

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
15 : Silicates of Cr
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Type Occurrence of Uvarovite

Type Locality:Saranovskii Mine (Saranovskoe), Saranovskaya (Sarany) Village, Gorozavodskii area, Permskaya Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1832

Occurrences of Uvarovite

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal alteration of chromite-bearing serpentinite, metamorphosed limestones and skarns.

Physical Properties of Uvarovite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Green, emerald-green, green-black
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):6½ - 7
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.77 - 3.81 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.848 g/cm3

Crystallography of Uvarovite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Ia3d (I41/a 3 2/d)
Cell Parameters:a = 11.99Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,723.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Dodecahedra, trapezohedra.

Optical Data of Uvarovite

Type:Isotropic
RI values: n = 1.865
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:Very High
Comments:May be weakly anisotropic due to strain or symmetry reduction (triclinic and orthorhombic varieties are known).

Chemical Properties of Uvarovite

Formula:
Ca
 
3
Cr
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
Essential elements:Ca, Cr, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Cr, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Fe,Mg

Relationship of Uvarovite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Grossular (see here)
Member of:Garnet Group
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.AD.05Larnite
Ca
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
9.AD.10Calcio-Olivine
Ca
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
9.AD.15Merwinite
Ca
 
3
Mg[SiO
 
4
]
 
2
9.AD.20Bredigite
Ca
 
7
Mg[SiO
 
4
]
 
4
9.AD.25Andradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Almandine
Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Goldmanite
Ca
 
3
(V
3+
 
,Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
9.AD.25Hibschite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
6-1
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
1.5-2.5
]
9.AD.25Hydroandradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
9.AD.25Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
8-6
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-1.5
]
9.AD.25Kimzeyite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
[(Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Knorringite
Mg
 
3
Cr
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Majorite
Mg
 
3
(Fe
2+
 
,Si,Al)
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Morimotoite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
]
 
3
 (?)
9.AD.25Pyrope
Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
[(Si,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)O
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.25Wadalite
Ca
 
6
(Al,Mg)
 
4
[Cl
 
3
|O
 
4
|{(Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
}
 
3
]
9.AD.25Holtstamite
Ca
 
3
(Al,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.AD.30Coffinite
(U,Th)[(OH)
 
4x
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-x
]
9.AD.30Hafnon
(Hf,Zr)[SiO
 
4
]
9.AD.30Thorite
(Th,U)[SiO
 
4
]
9.AD.30Thorogummite
(Th,U)[(OH)
 
4x
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
1-x
]
9.AD.30Zircon
Zr[SiO
 
4
]
9.AD.35Huttonite
Th[SiO
 
4
]
9.AD.35Tombarthite-(Y)
Y
 
4
[HSiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.40Eulytine
Bi
 
4
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
9.AD.45Reidite
Zr[SiO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.15.1Kosmochlor
NaCr[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
14.15.2Natalyite
Na(V
3+
 
,Cr)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
14.15.3Knorringite
Mg
 
3
Cr
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
14.15.4Krinovite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
4
Cr
3+
2
[O
 
2
|Si
 
6
O
 
18
]

Other Names for Uvarovite

Synonyms:
Chrome GarnetOuvaroviteUvarovite Garnet
Other Languages:
Dutch:Uvaroviet
Finnish:Uvaroviitti
French:Uvarovite
German:Uwarowit
Hungarian:Uvarovit
Italian:Uvarovite
Lithuanian:Uvarovitas
Polish:Uwarowit
Russian:Уваровит
Slovak:Uvarovit
Spanish:Uvarovita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Gemstone.

References for Uvarovite

Reference List:Ann. Phys. Chem. (1832), 24, 388.

Canadian Mineralogist (1989): 27: 565.

Andrut, M., Wildner, M., and Beran, A. (2002) The crystal chemistry of birefringent natural uvarovites. Part IV. OH defect mechanisms in non-cubic garnet derived from polarized IR spectroscopy. European Journal of Mineralogy: 14: 1019-1026.

Andrut, M., Wildner, M. (2002) The crystal chemistry of birefringent natural uvarovites. Part III. Appliction of the Superposition Model of crystal fields with a characteriztion of synthetic uvarovite. Physicas and Chemistry of Minerals: 29: 595-608.

Internet Links for Uvarovite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Uvarovite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Uvarovite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Uvarovite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Leoben
        • Kraubath
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Umbal valley
            • Islitz Alp
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Richmond Co.
        • Shipton Township
          • Asbestos
    		Horváth & Spertini (2008 & 2009)
    • Yukon Territory
      • Watson Lake Mining District
        • Itsy Mts
          • MacMillian Pass
    		Van King
    China
     
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Tacheng (Tarbaghatay) Prefecture
          • Tuoli (Toli) Co.
            • Baogutu
    		Zhou, M.-F., Robinson, P.T., Malpas, J., Sun, M., Aitchison, J., Bai, W.J., Hu, X.-F., and Yang, J.-S. (2001): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19(4), 517-534.
    Cuba
     
    Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 3: 777-788
    www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/abstracts/cm3_Vol37_Jun99.pdf.
    Ethiopia
     
    • Wallaga (Welega; Wollega; Ouallega) Province
      • Assosa region
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Finland
     
    • Itä-Suomen Lääni
      • Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Ni-Ag-Au ore field
    		Peltonen, P., Kontinen, A., Huhma, H., and Kuronen, U. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 559-617.
    Rocks & Min.: 22: 506-509.
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    • Lapin (Lapland) Lääni
      • Kemi
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • La Chaise-Dieu
          • Cistrières
            • Pervenchères
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
    		Eytier J.R. & Ch., Favreau G., Devouard B., Vigier J. (2004), Minéraux de pyrométamorphisme de Lapanouse-de Sévérac (Aveyron), Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp: 3-58
    India
     
    • Orissa
      • Cuttack District
        • Saruabil-Maruabil chromite belt
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : 962-965.
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92 Castello P. (1982) - Il giacimento manganesifero di Praborna (St. Marcel - AO) - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Fasc. 3, pp. 87-92
    C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)-Minerali alpini e Prealpini-Edizioni Atlas Bergamo
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Sestri Levante
    		Palenzona, A., & Martinelli, A. (2007). Uvarovite in Liguria. Prie, 3 (2007), 16-18
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		[MinRec 3:122]
          • Lanterna Valley
            • Campo Franscia
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    Tabacchi C. - Le cave di amianto abbandonate in località Vallone di scerscen (Val Malenco, Sondrio) - Notizie del Gruppo Min. Lombardo, n. 4, pag. 88-89, Dec. 1972 - (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Druogno
              • Orcesco
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Domusnovas
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Hidaka Province
    		Fujiwara, T. (1994): Nihon-no-Koubutsu
        • Saru-gun
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Kobayashi (1986) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 81, 399-405.
      • Sorachi Province
    		Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Nagano Prefecture
    		Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
      • Chugoku region
        • Okayama prefecture
          • Ohsa-cho
    		Sakamoto & Takasu (1996) Chishitsugaku Zasshi, 102, 49-52.
        • Tottori Prefecture
          • Hino-gun
            • Nichinan-cho
    		Alfredo Petrov - unpublished
    Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geological Survey museum, Japan)
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Iruma-gun
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Island
      • Kumamoto Prefecture
        • Yatsushiro City
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime Prefecture
    		Masutomi Museum specimen, Kyoto
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Aqtöbe Oblysy (Aktubinsk [Aktyubinsk; Aktubinskaya] Oblast')
      • Urals
        • Kempirsai Cr deposit
    		Melcher, F., Grum, W., Thalhammer, T.V., and Thalhammer, O.A.R. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 250-272.
    • Qostaney Oblysy (Kostanai [Kustany] Oblast')
    		Palache et al (1944), Dana's System of Mineralogy, 7th. ed., vol. 1: 680.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
          • Bou Azzer District
            • Agoudal
    		Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    Favreau, G. and Dietrich, J. E. (2006). Die Mineralien von Bou Azzer. Lapis 31(7/8), 27-68
    New Caledonia
     
    • Southern Province
      • Mont-Dore Commune
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Brønnøy
    		Prestvik (1974b, p. 179); Neumann (1985, p. 132).
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Grua
    		Prestvik (1974b, p. 179); Neumann (1985, pp. 132 and 136).
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Oppdal
        • Vinstradalen
    		Witsø, T. (2005): Mineraler i Vinstradalen, Oppdal. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 30: 72-73
      • Røros
        • Feragen
          • Feragen Chromium Mines
    		Andersen-Aars (1905); Prestvik (1974b, pp. 179 and 180); Neumann (1985, pp. 131, 132 and 136).
    • Telemark
      • Skien
    		Jamtveit B., Dahlgren S. and Austrheim H., (1997): "High-grade contact metamorphism of calcareous rocks from the Oslo Rift, Southern Norway".
    Philippines
     
    • Luzon
      • Central Luzon Region
        • Zambales Province
          • Santa Cruz
    		South-East Asian Oil, Gas, Coal, and Mineral Deposits, C. Hutchison,1996
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Lake Baikal area
            • Slyudyanka (Sludyanka)
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
              • Pokhabikha River Valley
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Permskaya Oblast'
          • Gorozavod area
            • Laki Railway Station
    		Jahn, S. (2004): Shuiskit. Mineralien Welt 15 (6), 62; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    P.M. Kartashov data
          • Gorozavodskii area
            • Saranovskaya (Sarany) Village
    		[MinRec 25:218]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
    		F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002:Nejznámejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 136p
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Eastern Bushveld Complex
        • Lydenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
      • Piet Retief
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Sudan
     
    • An Nil al Azraq Wilayah
    Sweden
     
    • Jämtland
      • Åre
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matt Valley
          • Zermatt
            • Gorner glacier area
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 420.
    Taiwan
     
    • Taiwan Province
      • Hualien Co.
    Turkey
     
    • Eastern Anatolia Region
      • Erzurum Province
        • Kop Daglari
    		[MinRec 9:284-285]; Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Borough
    		Alaska Div. Geological & Geophysical Sur. : Pub. Data 89-20
      • Southeast Fairbanks Borough
        • Delta River District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Cerbat Mts (Cerbat Range)
          • Wallapai District
            • Chloride District
              • Chloride
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 409; Thomas, B.E. (1953), Geology of the Chloride quadrangle, AZ, Geol.Soc. of Amer Bull. 64:391-420.
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
        • Livermore
    		[MinRec 20:129-142]
      • Amador Co.
    		No reference listed
      • Calaveras Co.
        • Pardee Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Del Norte Co.
        • French Hill Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Gasquet
    		www.mineralsocal.org
        • Gasquet Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Gordon Mountain - Fox Ridge Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • High Plateau Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Little Rattlesnake Mountain Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Red Mountain Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • El Dorado Co.
        • Latrobe District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Fresno Co.
        • Big Creek
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • New Idria Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Glenn Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Monterey Co.
        • Los Burros
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Nevada Co.
        • Washington District
          • Washington
    		www.mineralsocal.org
      • Placer Co.
        • Forest Hill Divide Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Gas Canyon Area
          • Farmer Property
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
      • San Benito Co.
        • New Idria District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Clear Creek area
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    American Mineralogist 1965: 50: 1893-1913.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • Coyote District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Shasta Co.
        • Shotgun Creek Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Sierra Co.
        • Sierra City District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Siskiyou Co.
        • Hamburg
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Tehama Co.
        • Little Red Mtn. Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Trinity Co.
        • Crow Creek District
          • Crow Creek Group (Chapman-Kirby Claims; McConnell-Kirby)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Tuolumne Co.
    		[MinRec 21:481]
        • Jamestown District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Marsh Flat Area
          • Marsh Flats Chrome Assoc. Properties
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Marsh Flats Chrome Assoc. Properties (Mum; Mum Extension; Claim: Alice June Extension)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Marsh Flats Chrome Assoc. Proporties (Wildboar Claim 1917)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Eight Mile Park pegmatite District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Maine
      • Knox Co.
        • Union
    		Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998, Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd edition, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta.
    • Michigan
      • Genesee Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    • New York
    		Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    • Oregon
      • Grant Co.
        • Canyon City District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Josephine Co.
        • Central Illinois River District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Chrome Ridge District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Pearsoll Peak Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Waldo District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Little Britain Township
          • Texas
    		Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania; Dana 6:1069.
    • Vermont
      • Lamoille & Orleans Cos.
        • Lowell & Eden Mills
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Washington
      • Ferry Co.
        • Colville Indian reservation
          • San Poil District (Keller District)
            • Cashe Creek
    		Huntting, M. (1956): Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1; Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.57
      • Whatcom Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.73
          • Hildebrand Lake
    		``Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; M. Huntting, 1956; Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
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