Classification of Varulite |
| IMA status: | Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered" |
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| Strunz 8th edition ID: | 7/A.06-100
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| Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID: | 8.AC.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O C : With medium-sized and large cations |
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| Dana 7th edition ID: | 38.2.4.1 |
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| Dana 8th edition ID: | 38.2.3.3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES 2 : (AB)5(XO4)3 |
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| Hey's CIM Ref.: | 19.12.50
19 : Phosphates 12 : Phosphates of Mn |
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| mindat.org URL: | http://www.mindat.org/min-4158.html Please feel free to link to this page. |
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Type Occurrence of Varulite |
| Type Locality: | Varuträsk, Skellefteå, Västerbotten, Sweden |
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| Year of Discovery: | 1937 |
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Physical Properties of Varulite |
| Lustre: | Greasy |
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| Colour: | Dark olive-green |
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| Hardness (Mohs): | 5 |
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Crystallography of Varulite |
| Crystal System: | Monoclinic |
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Optical Data of Varulite |
| Type: | Biaxial (+) |
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| RI values: | nα = 1.708 nγ = 1.722 |
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| 2V: | Measured: 70° |
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| Maximum Birefringence: | δ = 0.014
 Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration. |
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| Surface Relief: | Moderate |
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| Dispersion: | r > v |
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Chemical Properties of Varulite |
| Formula: | |
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| Essential elements: | Mn, N, Na, O, P |
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| All elements listed in formula: | Ca, Mn, Na, O, P |
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Relationship of Varulite to other Species |
| Series: | Forms a series with Hagendorfite (see here) |
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| Related to: | Triphylite Group |
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| Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping): | | 8.AC.05 | Howardevansite | | | 8.AC.10 | Alluaudite | | (Na,Ca)Mn | | (Fe | | ,Mn | | ,Fe | | ,Mg) | | (PO | | ) | | |
| | 8.AC.10 | Arseniopleite | | | 8.AC.10 | Caryinite | | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)((Ca,Mn | | )(Mn | | ,Mg,Fe | | )[AsO | | ] | | |
| | 8.AC.10 | Ferroalluaudite | | | 8.AC.10 | Hagendorfite | | | 8.AC.10 | Johillerite | | | 8.AC.10 | Maghagendorfite | | | 8.AC.10 | Nickenichite | | | 8.AC.10 | Ferrohagendorfite | | | 8.AC.10 | Bradaczekite | | | 8.AC.10 | Yazganite | | | 8.AC.10 | Ferro-alluaudite | | | 8.AC.15 | Bobfergusonite | | | 8.AC.15 | Ferrowyllieite | | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO | | ) | | |
| | 8.AC.15 | Qingheiite | | | 8.AC.15 | Rosemaryite | | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe | | )(Fe | | ,Mg)Al(PO | | ) | | |
| | 8.AC.15 | Wyllieite | | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO | | ) | | |
| | 8.AC.15 | Ferrorosemaryite | | | 8.AC.20 | Marićite | | | 8.AC.25 | Berzeliite | | | 8.AC.25 | Manganberzeliite | | | 8.AC.25 | Palenzonaite | | | 8.AC.25 | Schäferite | | | 8.AC.30 | Brianite | | | 8.AC.35 | Vitusite-(Ce) | | | 8.AC.40 | Olgite | | | 8.AC.40 | Bario-olgite | | | 8.AC.45 | Strontiowhitlockite | | | 8.AC.45 | Whitlockite | | | 8.AC.45 | Merrillite | | | 8.AC.45 | Tuite | | | 8.AC.45 | Ferromerrillite | | | 8.AC.50 | Chladniite | | {Ca}{Na | | }{Ca | | Na | | }{(Mg,Fe | | ) | | }[PO | | ] | | |
| | 8.AC.50 | Fillowite | | {Mn | | }{Na | | }{Ca | | Na | | }{(Mn | | ,Fe | | ) | | }[PO | | ] | | |
| | 8.AC.50 | Johnsomervilleite | | {Ca}{Na | | [ ] | | }{Ca | | Na | | }{(Fe | | ,Mg,Mn | | ) | | }[PO | | ] | | |
| | 8.AC.50 | Galileiite | | | 8.AC.50 | Stornesite-(Y) | | {(Y, Ca)}{Na | | [ ] | | }{(Ca,Na) | | }{(Mg,Fe | | ) | | }[PO | | ] | | |
| | 8.AC.50 | IMA2006-006 | | | 8.AC.55 | Harrisonite | | | 8.AC.60 | Kosnarite | | | 8.AC.65 | Panethite | | | 8.AC.70 | Stanfieldite | | | 8.AC.75 | Ronneburgite | | | 8.AC.80 | Tillmannsite | | | 8.AC.85 | Filatovite | |
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| Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping: | | 19.12.1 | Metaswitzerite | | | 19.12.2 | Bermanite | | | 19.12.3 | Natrophilite | | | 19.12.4 | Sidorenkite | | | 19.12.5 | Niahite | | | 19.12.6 | Robertsite | | | 19.12.7 | Pararobertsite | | | 19.12.8 | Sinkankasite | | | 19.12.9 | Mangangordonite | | | 19.12.10 | Heterosite | | | 19.12.11 | Purpurite | | | 19.12.12 | Wolfeite | | | 19.12.13 | Triploidite | | | 19.12.14 | Lipscombite | | | 19.12.15 | Frondelite | | | 19.12.16 | Rockbridgeite | | | 19.12.17 | Kryzhanovskite | | | 19.12.18 | Landesite | | Mn | | Fe | | [(OH) | | |(PO | | ) | | ] · (3-x)H | | O |
| | 19.12.19 | Phosphoferrite | | | 19.12.20 | Reddingite | | | 19.12.21 | Earlshannonite | | | 19.12.22 | Hureaulite | | | 19.12.23 | Switzerite | | | 19.12.24 | Laueite | | | 19.12.25 | Pseudolaueite | | | 19.12.26 | Strunzite | | | 19.12.27 | Stewartite | | | 19.12.28 | Alluaudite | | (Na,Ca)Mn | | (Fe | | ,Mn | | ,Fe | | ,Mg) | | (PO | | ) | | |
| | 19.12.29 | Ferroalluaudite | | | 19.12.30 | Fillowite | | {Mn | | }{Na | | }{Ca | | Na | | }{(Mn | | ,Fe | | ) | | }[PO | | ] | | |
| | 19.12.31 | Johnsomervilleite | | {Ca}{Na | | [ ] | | }{Ca | | Na | | }{(Fe | | ,Mg,Mn | | ) | | }[PO | | ] | | |
| | 19.12.32 | Wicksite | | NaCa | | (Fe | | ,Mn | | ) | | MgFe | | [PO | | ] | | · 2H | | O |
| | 19.12.33 | Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) | | {KNa}{Mn | | [ ]}{Ca}{Na | | }{Mn | | }{Al}[(OH) | | |(PO | | ) | | ] |
| | 19.12.34 | Sarcopside | | | 19.12.35 | Ludlamite | | | 19.12.36 | Graftonite | | | 19.12.37 | Wilhelmvierlingite | | | 19.12.38 | Fairfieldite | | | 19.12.39 | Beusite | | | 19.12.40 | Messelite | | | 19.12.41 | Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | | | 19.12.42 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | | | 19.12.43 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | | CaMn | | (Mg,Fe | | ) | | Fe | | (PO | | ) | | (OH) | | · 8H | | O |
| | 19.12.44 | Keckite | | (Ca,Mg)(Mn | | ,Zn) | | Fe | | (PO | | ) | | (OH) | | · 2H | | O |
| | 19.12.45 | Stanfieldite | | | 19.12.46 | Laubmannite | | | 19.12.47 | Zodacite | | | 19.12.48 | Hagendorfite | | | 19.12.49 | Maghagendorfite | | | 19.12.51 | Griphite | | Na | | Li | | Ca | | (Mn | | ,Fe | | ,Mg) | | Al | | [(F,OH)|(PO | | ) | | ] | | |
| | 19.12.52 | Attakolite | | (Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe) | | [(OH) | | |(SiO | | ,PO | | )|(HPO | | ,PO | | ) | | ] |
| | 19.12.53 | Arrojadite-(KFe) | | {KNa}{Fe | | [ ]}{Ca}{Na | | [ ]}{Fe | | }{Al}[(OH) | | |HPO | | |(PO | | ) | | ] |
| | 19.12.54 | Lun'okite | | (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO | | ) | | OH·4H | | O |
| | 19.12.55 | Eosphorite | | | 19.12.56 | Ernstite | | (Mn | | ,Fe | | )Al[(OH,O) | | |PO | | ] · H | | O |
| | 19.12.57 | Childrenite | | | 19.12.58 | Bobfergusonite | | | 19.12.59 | Qingheiite | | | 19.12.60 | Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | | Ca(Fe | | ,Mn | | )Mg | | Al | | (PO | | ) | | (OH) | | · 8H | | O |
| | 19.12.61 | Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | | | 19.12.62 | Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | | (Mn | | ,Ca)(Fe | | ,Mn | | )Mg | | Al | | (PO | | ) | | (OH) | | · 8H | | O |
| | 19.12.63 | Rittmannite | | (Mn | | ,Ca)Mn | | (Fe | | ,Mn | | ,Mg) | | (Al,Fe | | ) | | (PO | | ) | | (OH) | | · 8H | | O |
| | 19.12.64 | Zanazziite | | Ca | | (Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe,Al) | | Be | | [(OH) | | |(PO | | ) | | ] · 6H | | O |
| | 19.12.65 | Samuelsonite | | (Ca,Ba)Ca | | Fe | | Mn | | Al | | [(OH) | | |(PO | | ) | | ] |
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Other Names for Varulite |
| German names: | |
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| Spanish names: | |
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Other Information |
| Health Warning: | No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care. |
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References for Varulite |
| Reference List: | Quensel (1937) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm Förhandlinger: 59, 77: 95.
Berggren in: Quensel (1940) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm Förhandlinger: 62: 297.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 669.
Mineralogical Magazine (1979): 43: 227-235. |
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Internet Links for Varulite |
| Search Engines: |
Look for Varulite on Google
Look for Varulite images on Google |
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| External Links: | Look for Varulite on WebmineralLook for Varulite on Athena MineralogyLook for Varulite on WikipediaLook for Varulite on Mineralien AtlasRaman and XRD data at RRUFF projectAmerican Mineralogist Crystal Structure DatabaseSearch for Varulite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogueVarulite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF) |
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| Mineral Dealers: | Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research CompanyWendel Minerals - Auktion & Shope-Rocks - Mineral Auctions and SalesWright's Rock Shop - excellent mineral specimens since 1970Buy fine minerals and gemstones from Pala InternationalBuy Minerals and Crystals from Crystalarium.comFine Minerals from Dan Weinrich MineralsBuy from David K Joyce mineralsThe Arkenstone - Fine MineralsSearch for Varulite at Thames Valley Mineralsrare and unusual minerals mainly crystallizedLapis Mineral Magazin |
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| Jobs: | Mining & Geology Jobs |
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Localities for Varulite |
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