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Vauquelinite

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Big Photo

Tsvetnoi Mine, Uspenskaya Mt, Berezovskoe Au Deposit (Berezovsk Mines), Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod), Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Sverdlovskaya Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
© Brent Thorne

Show Vauquelinite Photos (56)



Formula:
Pb
 
2
Cu(CrO
 
4
)(PO
 
4
)(OH)
System:MonoclinicColour:Olive-green, ...
Lustre:Adamantine, ResinousHardness:2½ - 3
Name:
Named after Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829), Professor of Chemistry, University of Paris (France) and discoverer of chromium.


Fornacite-Vauquelinite Series. The phosphate analogue of fornacite.

Classification of Vauquelinite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/F.02-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.FC.05

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
C : With PO4, AsO4, SiO4
Dana 8th edition ID:43.4.3.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
Hey's CIM Ref.:22.5.1

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
5 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chromate, molybdate, niobate or tantalate
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Type Occurrence of Vauquelinite

Type Locality:Tsvetnoi Mine, Uspenskaya Mt, Berezovskoe Au Deposit (Berezovsk Mines), Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod), Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Sverdlovskaya Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1818
Associated Minerals at type locality:
PyromorphiteMimetiteCrocoite

Occurrences of Vauquelinite

Geological Setting:Oxidation zone of some hydrothermal deposits.

Physical Properties of Vauquelinite

Lustre:Adamantine, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Olive-green, apple-green, brown to nearly black
Streak:Greenish or brownish
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):6.16 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.16 g/cm3

Crystallography of Vauquelinite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:a = 13.754(5) Å, b = 5.806(6) Å, c = 9.563(3) Å
β = 94.55°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.369 : 1 : 1.647
Unit Cell Volume:V 761.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals commonly minute and frequently wedge-shaped; irregularly aggregated; and mammillary fibrous forms; reniform; botryoidal; granular, compact.
Twinning:On {102}.

Optical Data of Vauquelinite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 2.110 nβ = 2.220 nγ = 2.220
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.110

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Light green
Y = Light brown
Z = Light brown
Comments:2V = near zero.

Chemical Properties of Vauquelinite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
Cu(CrO
 
4
)(PO
 
4
)(OH)
Essential elements:Cr, Cu, H, O, P, Pb
All elements listed in formula:Cr, Cu, H, O, P, Pb

Relationship of Vauquelinite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Fornacite (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.FC.10Fornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu(CrO
 
4
)(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
7.FC.10Molybdofornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu(MoO
 
4
,CrO
 
4
)(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)(OH)
7.FC.15Hemihedrite
Pb
 
10
Zn(CrO
 
4
)
 
6
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
7.FC.15Iranite
Pb
 
10
Cu(CrO
 
4
)
 
6
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
7.FC.20Cassedanneite
Pb
 
5
(CrO
 
4
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
7.FC.20Embreyite
Pb
 
5
(CrO
 
4
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
22.5.2Embreyite
Pb
 
5
(CrO
 
4
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
22.5.3Cassedanneite
Pb
 
5
(CrO
 
4
)
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
22.5.4Fornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu(CrO
 
4
)(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
22.5.5Molybdofornacite
Pb
 
2
Cu(MoO
 
4
,CrO
 
4
)(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)(OH)
22.5.6Mendozavilite-NaFe
[Na
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
15
Fe
3+
 
(H
 
2
O)
 
6
][Mo
 
8
P
 
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
35
(OH)
 
2
]
22.5.7Paramendozavilite
[KAl
 
4
(H
 
2
O)
 
30
][Mo
 
12
P
 
6
Fe
3+
6
O
 
60
(OH)
 
13
]
22.5.8Betpakdalite-CaCa
[Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
17
Ca(H
 
2
O)
 
6
][Mo
6+
8
As
5+
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
36
(OH)]
22.5.9Betpakdalite-NaCa
[Na
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
17
Ca(H
 
2
O)
 
6
][Mo
6+
8
As
5+
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
34
(OH)
 
3
]
22.5.10Obradovicite-KCu
[K
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
17
Cu(H
 
2
O)
 
6
][Mo
 
8
As
 
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
34
(OH)
 
3
]
22.5.11Melkovite
[Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
O)
 
15
Ca(H
 
2
O)
 
6
][Mo
 
8
P
 
2
Fe
3+
3
O
 
36
(OH)]
22.5.12Rankachite
Ca
 
0.5
(V
4+
 
,V
5+
 
)(W
6+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
8
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
22.5.13Olmsteadite
KFe
2+
2
(Nb
5+
 
,Ta
5+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
22.5.14Johnwalkite
K(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb
5+
 
,Ta
5+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)

Other Names for Vauquelinite

Synonyms:
Chromate of Lead and CopperLaxmannite
Other Languages:
French:Plomb chromé
German:Chromphosphorkupferbleispath
Laxmannit
Melnochlor-Malachit
Phosphorchromit
Vauquelinit
Russian:Вокелинит
Spanish:Laxmannita
Vauquelinita
Swedish:Vauqueline

Other Information

Other Information:Partially soluble in HNO3.

Reported as an alteration product of pyromorphite and as incrustation pseudomorphs after dolomite.
Health Warning:Contains lead and chromium. Do not inhale dust and wash hands after handling.

References for Vauquelinite

Reference List:

- +
Berzelius (1818) Afhandlingar I Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, Stockholm: 6: 246 (as Vauqueline).

Berzelius, J.J. (1819) Nouveau système de Minèralogie. Translated from the Swedish. 8vo, Paris: 202.

Haüy, R.J. (1822) Traité de minéralogie. second edition, 4 volumes, with fol. Atlas: 3: 363 (as Plomb chromé).

Haidinger (1827) Edinburgh Journal of Science: 7: 213.

Phillips, Wm., augmented by Allan, R. (1837) Mineralogy, Fourth edition London: 369 (as Chromate of Lead and Copper).

John (1845) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 67 (as Chromphosphokupferbleispath).

Blum, J.R. (1863) Die Pseudomorphosen des Mineralreichs. Stuttgart, nachträge 3, Erlangen: 197.

Nordenskiöld (1867) Ak. Stockholm, Őfv.: 24: 655 (as Laxmannite).

Nordenskiöld (1869) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 137: 299 (as Laxmannite).

Hermann (1870) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 1: 196, 447 (as Phosphorchromit).

Davies (1877) Mineralogical Magazine: 1: 112.

Koksharov, N. von (1878) Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands. 11 volumes with atlas: vol. 8: 345.

Pisani (1880) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 3: 196.

Des Cloizeaux (1882) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 5: 53.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 916.

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 448.

Petterd, W.F. (1910) Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. 221pp., Hobart: 196.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 153.

Goldschmidt, V. (1923) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, Heidelberg: vol. 9: 54.

Chirva (1935) Annals Leningrad State University, Series Geology: 1: 19 [Min. Abs.: 7: 460].

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 650-652.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1968): 126: 433.

Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie (1980): 103: 469.

Internet Links for Vauquelinite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    • Specimens:The following Vauquelinite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
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    • Localities for Vauquelinite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		Australian Jour.Min. v.6, no. 1
    • Western Australia
      • Roebourne Shire
        • Whim Creek
    		P. Doownes, J. Bevan & A. Bevan (1998) - Minerals of the Whim Creek copper mine, Western Australia - Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 4, N°1, pp 13-29
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gurktaler Alpen
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Tauchendorf
            • Grassendorf
    		G. Blass, H. W. Graf: Carinthia II 191./111.:145-147 (2001)
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
    		Hintze: Handbuch der Mineralogie
    Eberhard Reich info taken from old specimen label.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Kolwezi District
          • Kolwezi
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
      • Kipushi
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Aquitaine
      • Dordogne
        • Nontron
    		Queneau Patrice Collection
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Pontgibaud
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 651.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Kolitsch, U. & Götzinger, M. (2000): Einige Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald: Eulytin, Namibit, Volborthit, Gearksutit, Spertiniit, Monazit-(La), Protasit, Sainfeldit, Cyanotrichit und Vauquelinit. Erzgräber 14, 33-47. (in German)
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Gronau
    		PETITJEAN collection
        • Lautertal (Odenwald)
          • Raidelbach
            • Katzenstein
    		O Dziallas collection
          • Reichenbach
            • Borstein
    		Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN;
            • Hohenstein
    		Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    Lapis 25(2), 21 (2000)
    Lapis 25(2), 13-30 (2000)
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    Lapis, 12 (10), 23-32+ 58.
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
            • Teufelsstein
    		Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Gummersbach
          • Niedergelpe
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Saxony
      • Glauchau
        • Callenberg
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
      • Vogtland
        • Oelsnitz
          • Schönbrunn
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Sounion Area
            • Agia Varvara Mines (St Barbara Mines)
    		Wendel, W. & Markl, G. (1996): Eine Antimonit-Paragenese und weitere Neufunde aus Lavrion. Lapis, 21 (11), 40-42; 62; Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Szár Hill
        • Szabadbattyán
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Yabu City
            • Oya-cho-akenobe
    		http://staff.aist.go.jp/miyagi.iso14000/Works/Review/coop/0028/874.html (Dr. Takashi Yamada lecture to the Mineralogical Society)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Balkhash (Balqash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
      • Karkaralinsk Rayon
        • Karkaralinsk (Qarqaraly; Karsakpaj; Qarsaqpaj; Kaskelen)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Okahandja District
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 369 pp. (in English)
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    • Kavadar
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod)
    		No reference listed
    American Mineralogist, Volume 88, pages 475–479, 2003
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
                • Uspenskaya Mt
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 651.; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Verkhnii Ufalei
    		Sehrig, M. (2012): Krokoit aus dem Ural - nicht nur aus Beresovka. Lapis, 37 (12), 30-31 (in German).
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Gulyaeva et al, Min. Mag. 50:728-730 (1986)
    • North West Province
      • Olifantspoort
    		Reeks, G. (2007) Olifantspoort Mine, Olifantspoort, Northern Province. South African Micromount Society newsletter: 33(3)
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Lezant
    		Famous British Mineral Localities: Greystone Quarry, Lezant, Cornwall. N Elton, D Green, J Hooper & S Weiss. UK Journal of Mines & Minerals No 24, 2004, pp 9-28
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
        • South Lanarkshire
    		Vauquelinite (Davies, 1877) T. Davies 1877, Mineral. Mag. 1, 112. Leadhills and Wanlockhead. [Davies 'Vauquelinite'= Mottramite (F. A. Bannister 1933, Mineral. Mag. 23, 377, 385). No reference to an authentic British Vauquelinite has been found.]
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 325, 343, 412.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Belmont Mts
          • Wickenburg area
    		S.A. Williams and J. W. Anthony, Am. Min. v. 55 p. 1088 (1970)
        • Big Horn Mts
          • Osborn District
            • Hummingbird Spring
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 413; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from Arizona, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Williams, S.A. & J.W. Anthony (1970), Hemihedrite, a new mineral from Arizona, Am.Min.: 55: 1088-1102; Williams, S.A., et al (1970), A study of Phoenichchroite-Its structure and properties, Am.Min.: 55: 784-792.
            • Tonopah
              • Belmont Mountain
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 413; Allen, G.B. & W. Hunt (1988), The Tonopah-Belmont Mine, Maricopa Co., AZ, Min.Rec.: 19(3): 139-144.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 412; Silliman (1881); Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 412; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical Notes, Amer. Jour. Sci.: 22: 198-205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
        • Vulture Mts
          • Vulture District
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 412; Silliman, B. (1881), Mineralogical notes, Amer.Jour.Sci.: 22: 198-205; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 413; Williams, S.A. (1968), Wickenburgite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 53: 1433-1438; Williams, S.A. & J.W. Anthony (1970), Hemihedrite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 55: 1088-1102; Williams, S.A., et al (1970), A study of phoenicochroite-Its structure and properties, Am.Min.:: 55: 784-792.
            • Vulture
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 193, 327, 410, 412; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 67.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		PXRD analyzed by Tony Kamp.
        • Tortilla Mts
          • Ripsey District
            • Ripsey Hill area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona (1995), 3rd.ed.: 158, 247, 413, 426; Williams, S.A. & J.W. Anthony (1970), Hemihedrite, a new mineral from AZ, Am.Min.: 55: 1088-1102
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Baker
          • Otto Mountain
    		Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne.
    Joe Marty specimens; EDS and XRD confirmed.
        • Soda Lake Mts
          • Baker
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    • Montana
      • Beaverhead Co.
        • Argenta District
          • Argenta
            • Stapleton Gulch
    		http://www.mineralnews.com/MinNews/MN18-2.html
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Spruce Mountain District
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		Dr. William Wise presentation to the Northwest Micro MIneral Study Group, 1 May, 2004
      • Nye Co.
        • Belmont District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Pequea Township
          • Conestoga
    		Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 916,1069; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 652; Rocks & Minerals: 20: 319.
    • Virginia
      • Louisa Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    		Lance E. Kearns and Michael D. Dunn (2008) Mineral News, 24, #8, 1-6.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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