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Vernadite

Big Photo

Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines), Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza), Lavrion District Mines, Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District, Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture, Greece
© D. Schläfli

Formula:
(Mn
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ca,Na)(O,OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:Black
Hardness:2
Name:
Named after Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskii (1863-1945), professor of geochemistry, Moscow University (Russia). Founder of the Ukrainian academy of sciences.


May be confused with feroxyhyte.

Classification of Vernadite

IMA status:Questionable/Doubtful
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.10-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FE.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.9.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.19.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
19 : Oxides of Mn and Fe
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Type Occurrence of Vernadite

Type Locality:Kusimovskoye Mn deposit, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1944

Physical Properties of Vernadite

Lustre:Resinous, Dull
Colour:Black
Streak:Chocolate-brown, black
Hardness (Mohs):2
Cleavage:None Observed

Crystallography of Vernadite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
2.45 (b)
1.42 (b)

Chemical Properties of Vernadite

Formula:
(Mn
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ca,Na)(O,OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, H, Mn, Na, O

Relationship of Vernadite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FE.05Amakinite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Theophrastite
Ni(OH)
 
2
4.FE.10Bayerite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Doyleite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Gibbsite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Nordstrandite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.15Böhmite
AlO(OH)
4.FE.15Lepidocrocite
γ-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.20Grimaldiite
CrO(OH)
4.FE.20Heterogenite
CoO(OH)
4.FE.25Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.25Lithiophorite
(Al,Li)MnO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
4.FE.30Quenselite
PbMnO
 
2
(OH)
4.FE.35Ferrihydrite
Fe
 
5
O
 
3
(OH)
 
9
4.FE.40Feroxyhyte
Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.45Quetzalcoatlite
Zn
 
6
Cu
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·Ag
 
x
Pb
 
y
Cl
 
x+2y
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.19.1Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
7.19.2Janggunite
Mn
 
5-x
(Mn,Fe)
 
1+x
O
 
8
(OH)
 
6
7.19.3Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.19.5Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
7.19.6Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
7.19.7Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
7.19.8Zenzénite
Pb
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
4
Mn
 
3
O
 
13

Other Names for Vernadite

Other Languages:
German:Vernadit
Spanish:Vernadita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Vernadite

Reference List:Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (1937): 66(4): 703-712.

American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 1334.

American Mineralogist (1992): 77: 1144-1157.

Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, geologic. seria: 6: 5-19.

Internet Links for Vernadite

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    Localities for Vernadite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Arctic Ocean
     
    Murdmaa, I.O., Bogdanova, O.Y., Gorshkov, A.I., Novikov, G.V. and Shevchenko, V.P. (2000): Lithology and Mineral Resources 35(6), 594-597.
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
    		Bogdanov, Y.A., Vikent’ev, I.V., Lein, A.Y., Bogdanova, O.Y., Sagalevich, A.M., and Sivtsov, A.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(2), 119-134.
    Bogdanov, Y.A., Vikent’ev, I.V., Lein, A.Y., Bogdanova, O.Y., Sagalevich, A.M., and Sivtsov, A.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(2), 119-134.
      • Snake Pit hydrothermal field
    		Bogdanov, Y.A., Vikent’ev, I.V., Lein, A.Y., Bogdanova, O.Y., Sagalevich, A.M., and Sivtsov, A.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(2), 119-134.
    Bogdanov, Y.A., Vikent’ev, I.V., Lein, A.Y., Bogdanova, O.Y., Sagalevich, A.M., and Sivtsov, A.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(2), 119-134.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Northumberland Co.
        • Woy Woy
          • Woy Woy Peninsula
    		ENGLAND, B. M. & TURNER, K. E. (1988): An Occurrence of Kolbeckite (Eggonite) ScPO4.2H2O from the Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia. Austral. Mineral. 3(4), 151-156.
    • Northern Territory
      • Gulf of Carpenteria
        • Groote Eylandt
    		Econ Geol (1996) 91:386-401
    China
     
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan, D., Ye, J., and Li, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 31-53.
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Hentschel, G., Die Minerale der Üdersdorfer Lava, Lapis, Weise Verlag, München, 11/1989
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
            • Lavrion Mines
    		No reference listed
    Japan
     
    • Tokyo Prefecture
      • Izu Archipelago
        • Nishi Shichito Ridge
    		Jose Carlos Mañuz Sanz collection
    Pacific Ocean
     
    • East Pacific Rise
      • Juan de Fuca Ridge complex
    		Novikov, G.V., Vikent’ev, I.V., and Bogdanova, O.Y. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 304-325.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Yeniseisk Autonomous Oblast'
          • Kuznetsk Alatau Range
    		Kuleshov, V.N., and Bych, A.F. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(4), 330-343.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Magadanskaya Oblast'
        • Kolyma River Basin
          • Ducat District
            • Omsukchan
    		Filimonova, L.G., and Trubkin, N.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(2), 135-144.
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Magnitka
    		Lapis 17(2), 38 (1992)
          • Magnitogorsk
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
          • Orsk
            • Khalilov District
              • Khabarnin massif
    		Sharkov, A.A. (2009): Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(1), 19-35.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Breznianska basin
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Bratislava Region
      • Malé Karpaty Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Trenčín region
      • Biele Karpáty Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
    		Chukhrov F.V., Gorshkov A.I., Berezovskaya V.V., Sivtsov A.V. (1987) New data on mineralogy of Kerch ores, - Izvestiya AN SSSR, ser. geol., 4, p. 60-77 (in Rus.)
      • Simferopol area
    		Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)/ Minerals of the Crimea. - World of stones, 1996, #9, p. 9-18.
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Saguache Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals (July-August, 2002)
    • Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Goldfield District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Mineral and/or Locality
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