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Vernadite

Big Photo

Kamareza Mines, Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza), Lavrion District Mines, Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District, Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture, Greece
© D. Schläfli

Formula:
(Mn
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ca,Na)(O,OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:Black
Hardness:2
Name:Named after Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskii (1863-1945), professor of geochemistry, Moscow University (Russia). Founder of the Ukrainian academy of sciences.


May be confused with feroxyhyte.

Classification of Vernadite

IMA status:Questionable/Doubtful
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.10-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FE.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.9.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.19.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
19 : Oxides of Mn and Fe
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Type Occurrence of Vernadite

Type Locality:Kusimovskoye Mn Deposit, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1944

Physical Properties of Vernadite

Lustre:Resinous, Dull
Colour:Black
Streak:Chocolate-brown, black
Hardness (Mohs):2
Cleavage:None Observed

Crystallography of Vernadite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
2.45 (b)
1.42 (b)

Chemical Properties of Vernadite

Formula:
(Mn
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ca,Na)(O,OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Fe, H, Mn, Na, O

Relationship of Vernadite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.FE.05Amakinite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Theophrastite
Ni(OH)
 
2
4.FE.10Bayerite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Doyleite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Gibbsite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Nordstrandite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.15Böhmite
AlO(OH)
4.FE.15Lepidocrocite
γ-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.20Grimaldiite
CrO(OH)
4.FE.20Heterogenite
CoO(OH)
4.FE.25Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.25Lithiophorite
(Al,Li)MnO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
4.FE.30Quenselite
PbMnO
 
2
(OH)
4.FE.35Ferrihydrite
Fe
 
5
O
 
3
(OH)
 
9
4.FE.40Feroxyhyte
Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.45Quetzalcoatlite
Zn
 
6
Cu
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·Ag
 
x
Pb
 
y
Cl
 
x+2y
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.19.1Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
7.19.2Janggunite
Mn
 
5-x
(Mn,Fe)
 
1+x
O
 
8
(OH)
 
6
7.19.3Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.19.5Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
7.19.6Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
7.19.7Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
7.19.8Zenzénite
Pb
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
4
Mn
 
3
O
 
13

Other Names for Vernadite

German names:
Vernadit
Spanish names:
Vernadita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Vernadite

Reference List:Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (1937): 66(4): 703-712.

American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 1334.

American Mineralogist (1992): 77: 1144-1157.

Izvestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, geologic. seria: 6: 5-19.

Internet Links for Vernadite

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    Localities for Vernadite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Northumberland Co.
        • Gosford
          • Woy Woy Peninsula
    		ENGLAND, B. M. & TURNER, K. E. (1988): An Occurrence of Kolbeckite (Eggonite) ScPO4.2H2O from the Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia. Austral. Mineral. 3(4), 151-156.
    China
     
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan, D., Ye, J., and Li, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 31-53.
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Hentschel, G., Die Minerale der Üdersdorfer Lava, Lapis, Weise Verlag, München, 11/1989
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
            • Lavrion Mines
    		No reference listed
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Sikhote-Alin
    		J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
        • Magnitka
    		Lapis 17(2), 38 (1992)
        • Magnitogorsk
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Breznianska basin
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Bratislava Region
      • Malé Karpaty Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Trenčín region
      • Biele Karpáty Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Saguache Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals (July-August, 2002)
    • Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Goldfield District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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