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Violarite

Big Photo

Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
© Maurice de Graaf

Show Violarite Photos (2)
Formula:
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
System:IsometricColour:Violet gray, copper red, ...
Lustre:MetallicHardness:4½ - 5½
Name:From Latin "violaris", of violets, alluding to the color of the mineral, especially if viewed with a reflected-light microscope.


Linnaeite Group and Thiospinel Group

Classification of Violarite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.01-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
Dana 8th edition ID:2.10.1.8

2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.11.8

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
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Type Occurrence of Violarite

Type Locality:Vermilion Mine, Denison Township, Sudbury District (Sudbury Complex; Sudbury nickel irruptive), Ontario, Canada
Year of Discovery:1924

Physical Properties of Violarite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Violet gray, copper red, light gray, or steel gray
Streak:Black
Hardness (Mohs):4½ - 5½
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect

Crystallography of Violarite

Crystal System:Isometric
Cell Parameters:a = 9.46Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 846.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Violarite

Type:Isotropic

Chemical Properties of Violarite

Formula:
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
Essential elements:Fe, Ni, S
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Ni, S
Common Impurities:Co,Cu

Relationship of Violarite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
2.DA.05Bornhardtite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Carrollite
Cu(Co,Ni)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Daubréelite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Florensovite
(Cu,Zn)Cr
 
1.5
Sb
 
0.5
S
 
4
2.DA.05Greigite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Indite
FeIn
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Kalininite
ZnCr
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Linnaeite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Siegenite
CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Ferrorhodsite
(Fe,Cu)(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cadmoindite
CdIn
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.10Rhodostannite
Cu
 
2
FeSn
 
3
S
 
8
2.DA.10Toyohaite
Ag
 
2
FeSn
 
3
S
 
8
2.DA.15Brezinaite
Cr
 
3
S
 
4
2.DA.15Heideite
(Fe,Cr)
 
1.15
(Ti,Fe)
 
2
S
 
4
2.Da.15Wilkmanite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
2.DA.20Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
2.DA.20Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
2.DA.25Kingstonite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
3
S
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
3.11.1Heazlewoodite
Ni
 
3
S
 
2
3.11.2Godlevskite
(Ni,Fe)
 
9
S
 
8
3.11.3Millerite
NiS
3.11.4Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
3.11.5Vaesite
NiS
 
2
3.11.6Shandite
Ni
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.11.7Donharrisite
Ni
 
8
Hg
 
3
S
 
9
3.11.9Pentlandite
(Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.11.10Bravoite
(Fe,Ni)S
 
2
3.11.11Siegenite
CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
3.11.12Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
3.11.13Villamanínite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
3.11.14Mäkinenite
γ-NiSe
3.11.15Sederholmite
NiSe Beta-NiSe
3.11.16Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
3.11.17Wilkmanite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
3.11.18Kullerudite
NiSe
 
2
3.11.19Penroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
3.11.20Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
3.11.21Imgreite
NiTe (?)
3.11.22Melonite
NiTe
 
2
3.11.23Kitkaite
NiTeSe
3.11.24Dienerite
Ni
 
3
As
3.11.25Orcelite
Ni
 
5-x
As
 
2
3.11.26Maucherite
Ni
 
11
As
 
8
3.11.27Nickeline
NiAs
3.11.28Rammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
3.11.29Pararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
3.11.30Nickelskutterudite
NiAs
 
2-3
3.11.31Oregonite
Ni
 
2
FeAs
 
2
3.11.32Westerveldite
(Fe,Ni,Co)As
3.11.33Langisite
(Co,Ni)As ratio Co:Ni = 5:1
3.11.34Gersdorffite
NiAsS
3.11.35Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
3.11.36Breithauptite
NiSb
3.11.38Ullmannite
NiSbS
3.11.39Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS

Other Names for Violarite

German names:
Violarit
Russian names:
Виоларит
Spanish names:
Violarita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Violarite

Reference List:Clarke and Catlett (1889), American Journal of Science: 37: 372.

Lindgren and Davy (1924), Economic Geology: 19: 309.

Short, Maxwell Naylor & E.V. Shannon (1930), Violarite and other rare nickel sulfides: American Mineralogist: 15: 1-22.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 262-265.

Berry, L.G. and R.M. Thompson (1962) X-ray powder data for the ore minerals. Geological Society of America Mem. 85: 77-78.

Canadian Mineralogist (1969): 6: 629-643.

Misra, K.C. and M.E. Fleet (1974), Chemical composition and stability of violarite: Economic Geology: 69: 391-403.

Dunn, J.G., & V.L. Howes (1996): The oxidation of violarite: Thermochimica Acta: 282/283: 305-316.

Grguric, B.A. (2002), Hypogene violarite of exsolution origin from Mount Keith, Western Australia: field evidence for a stable pentlandite-violarite tie line: Mineralogical Magazine: 66: 313-326.

Tenailleau, Christophe, Allan Pring, Barbara Tschmann, Joël Brugger, Ben Grguric, and Andrew Putnis (2006), Transformation of pentlandite to violarite under mild hydrothermal conditions: American Mineralogist: 91: 706-709.

Internet Links for Violarite

Search Engines:
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    • External Links:
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  • Look for Violarite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Violarite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Violarite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Violarite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
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  • Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research Company
  • Find Violarite on www.crystalclassics.co.uk
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    Localities for Violarite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Kabol (Kabul) Province
      • Khaki Jabbar District
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Buccleuch Co.
        • Brungle
    		Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982
      • Wynyard Co.
        • Gundagai
    		Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982
    • Tasmania
      • Heazlewood district
    		Andersen, P., Bottrill, R. & Davidson, P. (2002): Famous mineral localities: The Lord Brassey mine, Tasmania. Mineral. Rec. 33, 321-332.
      • Trial Harbour district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
      • Halls Creek
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
      • Kalgoorlie
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
      • Kambalda
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
      • Widgiemooltha
    		No reference listed
      • Wiluna Shire
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
      • Youangarra Homestead
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hirt
          • Griesserhof (Gulitzen; Gullitzen)
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Stubach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Styria
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • St. Jakob-Breitenau
          • Hochlantsch Mt.
    		Bojar, H.-P. (1998)
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Virgen valley
          • Prägraten
            • Dorferbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Belgium
     
    • Hainaut (Henegouwen; Hennegau) Province
      • Charleroi
        • Mont-sur-Marchienne
    Bulgaria
     
    • Blagoevgrad Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Gotse Delchev
    		Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Bird River area
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
    		No reference listed
      • Lynn Lake
    • Ontario
      • Cochrane District
        • Timmins
      • Kenora District
        • Pickle Lake
      • Sudbury District (Sudbury Complex; Sudbury nickel irruptive)
        • Denison Township
    		Lindgren & Davy (1924); Min.Mag.:43 (1980): 733; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990.
        • Levack
        • Worthington Offset
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Lower Shebandowan Lake
    		R.J. Traill 1983
        • Schreiber
    • Québec
      • Abitibi Co.
        • Malartic Township
          • Malartic District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
      • Beauce Co.
        • St-Fabien-de-Panet
    		Sabina (1992) GSC Misc. Report 46, 62
      • Gaboury Township
    • Saskatchewan
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		Yukon Minfile (115G 024)
    China
     
    • Gansu (Ganzu) Province
      • Jinchang Prefecture
        • Jinchuan District
    		http://www.portergeo.com.au/tours/nickel2000/m3.asp
    • Guizhou Province
      • Zunyi Prefecture
        • Zunyi Co.
          • Zunyi Ni-Mo-PGE-Au deposit
    		Coveney, R.M., Grauch, R.I., and Murowchick, J.B. (1993), In: Reddy, R.G., and Weizenbach, R.N. (eds): The minerals, metals and materials society, Proceedings of the Paul E. Queneau International Symposium "Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt", 369–375.
    • Henan Province
      • Nanyang Prefecture
        • Tongbai Co.
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3 (1997)
    • Hunan Province
      • Zhangjiajie Prefecture
        • Cili Co.
    		Wallis, E. (2006): PhD Thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Germany (in German with English abstract), Vol. 1, 136-154.
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Hohhot (Huhehaote) League
        • Wuchuan Co.
    		Chen Keqiao, Yang Huifang, Ma Letian, and Peng Zhizhong (1981): Dizhi Lunping [Geological Review] 27(2), 108-115.
    • Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Jilin Prefecture
        • Panshi Co.
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
      • Tonghua Prefecture
        • Tonghua Co.
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Baoji Prefecture
        • Taibai Co.
          • Western Qinling gold belt
    		Jingwen Mao, Yumin Qiu, Goldfarb, R.J., Zhaochong Zhang, Garwin, S., and Ren Fengshou (2002): Mineralium Deposita 37(3/4), 352-377.
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Lüeyang Co.
          • Western Qinling gold belt
            • Jianchaling Mine
    		Jingwen Mao, Yumin Qiu, Goldfarb, R.J., Zhaochong Zhang, Garwin, S., and Ren Fengshou (2002): Mineralium Deposita 37(3/4), 352-377.
    • Sichuan Province
      • Garzê (Ganzi) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Danba Co.
          • Yangliuping dome
    		Dunn, P.J., Chao, G.Y., Grice, J.D, Ferraiolo, J.A., Fleischer, M., Pabst, A., and Zilczer, J.A. (1985): American Mineralogist 69, 565-569.
    Xieyan Song, Meifu Zhou, Zhimin Cao, Min Sun, and Yunliang Wang (2003): Mineralium Deposita 38, 831-843
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Nagchu (Naqu) Prefecture
        • Amdo (Anduo) Co.
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Prefecture
        • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Co.
          • Baishiquan ore district
    		Kui-Shou Ding, Ke-Zhang Qin, Ying-Xia Xu, He Sun, Xing-Wang Xu, Dong-Mei Tang, Qian Mao, and Yu-Guang Ma (2007): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 26(1), 109-119.
          • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
    		Chunming Han, Wenjiao Xiao, Guochun Zhao, Jingwen Mao, Sanzhong Li, Zhen Yan, and Qigui Mao (2006): Ore Geology Reviews 28, 308-328.
    Zuoheng Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Andao Du, Pirajno, F., Zhiliang Wang, Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, and Jianmin Yang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press.
    Kui-Shou Ding, Ke-Zhang Qin, Ying-Xia Xu, He Sun, Xing-Wang Xu, Dong-Mei Tang, Qian Mao, and Yu-Guang Ma (2007): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 26(1), 109-119.
    Jingwen Mao, Pirajno, F., Zuoheng Zang, Fengmei Chai, Hua Wu, Shiping Chen, Linsong Cheng, Jianmin Yang, and Changqing Zhang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (in press).
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co.
    		Zuoheng Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Andao Du, Pirajno, F., Zhiliang Wang, Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, and Jianmin Yang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
        • Jinping Co.
    		Chuanjie Pu, Dexian Qin, Hong Nian, Xueshu Zhang, Pirajno, F., and Zhuguo Fan (2007): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 26(4), 374-383.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Ústí Region
        • Šluknov (Schluckenau)
    		Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    Egypt
     
    • Wadi Haimur
    Ethiopia
     
    • Wallaga (Welega; Wollega; Ouallega) Province
      • Assosa region
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Finland
     
    • Lapin (Lapland) Lääni
      • Kittilä
      • Portimo complex
      • Sodankylä
    		No reference listed
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Sotkamo
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Brioude - Massiac area
          • Lavoûte-Chilhac
            • Chilhac
              • Le Pouget - La Magdeleine area
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
          • Saint-Beauzire
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997, 27-28
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • St Blasien
          • Horbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Obermoschel
    		Lapis 2001(6), 13-40
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Altenkirchen
            • Bürdenbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Sohland
    		Löffler, H.K. (1973): Einige Erkenntnisse zur Deutung der Pyrrhotin/Pentlanditvorkommen vom Typ: Sohland an der Spree (Oberlausitz).- Zeitschr. f. geologische Wissenschaften 1, 1619-1631
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Nuuk (Godthåb)
    		No reference listed
    India
     
    • Bihar
      • Singhbhum District
        • Mosaboni
    		http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn460
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
          • Lanterna Valley
            • Lanzada
    		Bedogné, F. (2006). Xonotlite della Val Lanterna, Valmalenco (SO). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (4), 254-255.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Oshima peninsula
        • Kaminokuni
    		Ishiyama, D. et al (1982) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #2, 149-171.
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
          • Fujioka
    		American Mineralogist (1986): 71, 1022-1027.
      • Kinki region
        • Mie Prefecture
          • Toba City
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kuji City
    		D Ishiyama, et al (2000) J. Min. Coll. Akita Univ., Ser. A, 3, no. 3, 105-127.
    Mexico
     
    • Sinaloa
      • Mun. de Badiraguato
        • Alisito
    		Panczner(1987):95-391.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Nelson
    		New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1999, Vol. 42: 189-204
        • Richmond Hill
    		New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1999, Vol. 42: 189-204
    North Korea
     
    • Kangwon Province
      • Ichon-gun
        • Pangyo-myon
          • Yongdang-ni
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Chohsen Kohgyoh, 8, 10; Matsukuma, H. (1943) Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 30, 4.
      • Kosong-gun
        • Sudong-myon
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Chohsen Kohgyoh, 8, 10; Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea, 24, 10.
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Eidsvoll (Eidsvold)
        • Mistberget and Feiring area
    		Ihlen (1978, p. 283); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
        • Flåt
    		Bjørlykke (1947, p. 24); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
      • Iveland
        • Mølland
    		Bjørlykke (1947); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    • Finnmark
      • Kautokeino
    		R. Hagen (1980, p. c.); Neumann (1985, p. 32).
    • Hedmark
      • Tynset
        • Kvikne
          • Kvikne mines
    		Thomson et al. (1980, p. 14); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    • Hordaland
      • Osterøy
    		Bjørlykke (1949, p. 19); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    • Rogaland
      • Hå
    		Riley (1980, pp. 734-735); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
      • Karmøy
    		Riley (1980, pp. 734-735)
    • Troms
      • Kvenangen (Kvænangen)
        • Burfjorddalen
    		Strand (1975, p. 299 and 300); Neumann (1985, p. 31).
    Pakistan
     
    • North-West Frontier Province
      • Malakand Region
        • Swat District (Swat Valley)
    		Arif, M. (2003): Sulphides and sulpharsenides in the emerald-hosting rocks from the Indus suture zone in Swat, NW Pakistan. Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy and Petrology, 83, 261-271.
    Philippines
     
    • Luzon
      • Central Luzon Region
        • Zambales Province
          • Santa Cruz
    		South-East Asian Oil, Gas, Coal, and Mineral Deposits, C. Hutchison,1996
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo Region
    		http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sayan Mts
    		No reference listed
    • North-Western Region
      • Ryazanskaya Oblast'
        • Kasimov District
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Oulanka plutonic complex
          • Olanga (Oulanka) River
            • Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Permskaya Oblast'
          • Gorozavod area
            • Saranovskaya (Sarany; Saranje) Village
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ploské
          • Hámor - Forovo
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Gelnica ore belt
    		Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002: Nejzajimavejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 134p.
    Háber,M., 1980: Mineralogische – geochemische und paragenetische Erfoschung hydrotermaler Gänge im Gebiet zwischen Prakovce und Kojšov (SGR). Záp.Karpáty – sér. Miner.,petrograf.,geochém., metalog., 7 – 131
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Ďuďa R., Peterec D., 1995 : Die Mineralien der siderit - baryt lagersttäte von Rudňany ( Kotterbach ) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern/, 1, s.20 - 31
    Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
      • Šarišská vrchovina Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Bushveld Complex
        • Merensky Reef
          • Eastern limb
    		Minerals of South Africa
      • Mabilikewe Hill
    		Minerals of South Africa
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    • Mpumalanga Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Bon Accord
    		Am. Min. 61, 502 (1976)
    South Korea
     
    • Gyeonggi-do (Kyonggi-do)
      • Kanghwa-gun
        • Yangas-myon
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea, 24, 10.
      • Yonchon-gun
        • Wangjing-myon
          • Nodong-ni
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Chohsen Kohgyoh, 8, 10.
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • Sierra Alpujata
    		I. S. Oen, C. Kieft, E.A.J. Burke, A.B. Westerhof : "Orcelite and associated minerals in the Ni-Fe-As-S system in chromitites and orthopyroxenites of Nebral, Malaga, Spain", Bull. Minéral., 1980, 103, 198-208
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Smedsbo
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Kiruna
        • Vittangi
    		No reference listed
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Norrbotten
      • Boden
    		No reference listed
    • Västerbotten
      • Norsjö
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Ayer
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 255
      • Binn Valley
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • North Pennines
            • Alston Moor District
              • South Tynedale
                • Garrigill
      • Northumberland
        • Tyne Valley
          • Fourstones
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		UKJMM No5
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Benton Co.
        • Rogers
    		Rocks & Min.: 63:106.
    • California
    		San Diego Natural History Museum
        • Julian
    		Dana 7:I:264.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Gold Hill District
          • Gold Hill
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; Rocks & Min.: 16:413; 22;205.
      • Larimer Co.
        • Masonville District
          • Buckhorn Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Connecticut
      • Litchfield Co.
        • Torrington
          • West Torrington
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.275
    • Kentucky
      • Lincoln Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals Vol. 70, No. 4, p.256
    • Maine
      • Piscataquis Co.
        • Katahdin Iron Works
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V.1.
    • Massachusetts
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Dracut
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Missouri
      • St. Louis Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Montana
      • Garfield Co.
    		V.V. Sharygin et al. , Scientific Journal Russian Geology and Geophysics, Sept. 2003, Vol. 44, N°9.
      • Stillwater Co.
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Table Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Bunkerville District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Whitney Pocket Basin
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Bart Township
          • Gap
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 77.
    • Virginia
      • Floyd Co.
        • Lick Fork
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Southern Section-Blue Ridge Province
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Wisconsin
        • Upper Mississippi Valley District
    		AmMin 44:995-1009
      • Lafayette Co.
        • Upper Mississippi Valley District
          • Benton
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
    Vietnam
     
    • Son La Province
      • Ban Phuc
    		Can Min 39, (2), 2001, 573-589
    Zambia
     
    • North-Western Province
      • Kabompo District
    		Exploration and Mining Geology; July 2000; v. 9; no. 3-4; p. 277-287; DOI: 10.2113/0090277 / Economic Geology, August 1, 2003; 98(5): 893 - 909
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland Central
      • Bindura
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Midlands
      • Gweru (Gwelo) District
    		No reference listed
    Mineral and/or Locality
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