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Voltaite

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Carola Mine (Königin Carola Mine; Paul Berndt Mine), Freital, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

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Formula:
K
 
2
Fe
2+
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
System:IsometricColour:Green to greenish-black; ...
Hardness:3 - 3½
Member of:Voltaite Group
Name:
Named after Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (1745-1827), Italian physicist and pioneer in electricity.


Voltaite Group.

Classification of Voltaite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/C.14-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CC.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:29.9.1.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
9 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.11.10

25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
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Type Occurrence of Voltaite

Type Locality:Solfatara di Pozzuoli, Pozzuoli, Phlegrean Fields, Naples Province, Phlegrean Volcanic Complex, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1841
Geological Setting of type material:Solfatara
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Halotrichite

Occurrences of Voltaite

Geological Setting:Fumaroles, solfataras, mud volcanoes and as an alteration product of pyrite rich deposits in arid regions.

Physical Properties of Voltaite

Lustre:Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Green to greenish-black; oil-green to pale green in transmitted light.
Streak:Gray-green
Hardness (Mohs):3 - 3½
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.645 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.663 g/cm3

Crystallography of Voltaite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Fd3c {F41/d 3 2/c}
Cell Parameters:a = 27.254(8) Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 20,243.74 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:16
Morphology:Cubic, octahedral, and, rarely dodecahedral and in combinations of these. Massive, granular.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Voltaite

RI values: n = 1.593 - 1.608
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Type:Isotropic
Comments:Anomalously biaxial sectors.

Chemical Properties of Voltaite

Formula:
K
 
2
Fe
2+
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Fe, H, K, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Al, Fe, H, K, O, S
Analytical Data:Decomposed by water to an acidic solution with citron yellow residue. Soluble in acids.
Relationship of Voltaite to other Species
Member of:Voltaite Group
Other Members of Group:

- + 
Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg
2+
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
Pertlikite
K
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
2
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
Zincovoltaite
K
 
2
Zn
 
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
7.CC.05Krausite
KFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
7.CC.10Tamarugite
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.15Kalinite
KAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O Not confirmed
7.CC.15Mendozite
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 11H
 
2
O
7.CC.20Lonecreekite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CC.20Alum-(K)
KAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CC.20Alum-(Na)
NaAl(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CC.20Tschermigite
(NH
 
4
)Al(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CC.20Lanmuchangite
Tl
+
 
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CC.25Zincovoltaite
K
 
2
Zn
 
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
7.CC.25Pertlikite
K
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
2
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
7.CC.25Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg
2+
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
7.CC.30Kröhnkite
Na
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CC.35Ferrinatrite
Na
 
3
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.CC.40Goldichite
KFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CC.45Löweite
Na
 
12
Mg
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
13
 · 15H
 
2
O
7.CC.50Blödite
Na
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CC.50Nickelblödite
Na
 
2
(Ni,Mg)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CC.50Changoite
Na
 
2
Zn(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CC.50Zincblödite
7.CC.55Leonite
K
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CC.55Mereiterite
K
 
2
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CC.60Boussingaultite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.60Cyanochroite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.60Mohrite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.60Nickelboussingaultite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Ni(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.60Picromerite
K
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.65Polyhalite
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CC.70Leightonite
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CC.75Amarillite
NaFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CC.80Konyaite
Na
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CC.85Wattevilleite
Na
 
2
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O (?)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
25.11.1Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.11.2Sideronatrite
Na
 
2
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 3H
 
2
O
25.11.3Metasideronatrite
Na
 
2
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · H
 
2
O
25.11.4Ferrinatrite
Na
 
3
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.11.5Amarillite
NaFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.11.6Yavapaiite
KFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.11.7Krausite
KFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
25.11.8Goldichite
KFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.11.9Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.11.11Ungemachite
K
 
3
Na
 
8
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
6
(NO
 
3
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.11.12Metavoltine
Na
 
6
K
 
2
FeFe
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
12
O
 
2
 · 18H
 
2
O
25.11.13Sabieite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.11.14Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.11.15Clairite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Fe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.11.16Mohrite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Fe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.11.17Lonecreekite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
25.11.18Godovikovite
(NH
 
4
)Al(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.11.19Botryogen
MgFe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 7H
 
2
O
25.11.21Slavíkite
(H
 
3
O
+
 
)
 
3
Mg
 
6
Fe
 
15
(SO
 
4
)
 
21
(OH)
 
18
 · 99H
 
2
O
25.11.23Sturmanite
Ca
 
6
(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
[B(OH)
 
4
](OH)
 
12
 · 25H
 
2
O
25.11.24Millosevichite
(Al,Fe)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
25.11.25Aluminocopiapite
Al
 
2/3
Fe
3+
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
2
 · 20H
 
2
O
25.11.26Halotrichite
FeAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
25.11.27Idrizite
(Mg,Fe)(Al,Fe)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 15H
 
2
O or near
25.11.28Lishizhenite
ZnFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
25.11.29Zincovoltaite
K
 
2
Zn
 
5
Fe
3+
3
Al(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 18H
 
2
O
Other Names for Voltaite
Synonyms:
MonsmeditePettkoite
Other Languages:
German:Voltait
Russian:Вольтаит
Simplified Chinese:绿钾铁矾
水钾铊矾
Spanish:Voltaita
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Voltaite
Reference List:

- + 
Breislak (1792) Essai min. sur la solfatara de Pozzuoli, Naples: 155.



Memorie Mineralogische e Geologiche - Napoli (1840), 17.



Scacchi (1841): 17.



Scacchi (1843) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 28: 487.



Scacchi (1852) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin: 4: 164.



Paulinyi (1867) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 457.



Blaas (1881) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 3: 499.



Blaas (1883) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 87: 143.



Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 18: 185-202.



Collins (1923) Mineralogical Magazine: 20: 32 (Serrano analysis).



Ulrich (1923) Casopis pro min. a geol.



Anderson (1927) American Mineralogist: 12: 287.



Ulrich (1927) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 330.



Lausen (1928) American Mineralogist: 13: 226.



Gossner and Arm (1929) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 72: 202.



Gossner and Besslein (1934) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 358.



Mélon and Donnay (1936) Société géologique de Belgique, Liége, Bulletin: 59: B162.



Bandy (1938) American Mineralogist: 23: 749.



Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 464-465.



American Mineralogist (1967): 52: 617-634.


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    • Localities for Voltaite
    






    


    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
The  symbol next to localities in the list
can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    

    

    
Hide Locality List
     		

    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Argentina
     
    

    • Catamarca
    

      • Andalgalá Department
    
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    



Marquez Zavalia, M. F. (1986): Challantite of Capillitas Mine, Catamarca. Revista de la Asociacion Argentina de Mineralogia, Petrologia y Sedimentologia 17, 19-22. (in Spanish); MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA, M.F.. The As-rich end-member of the jordanite-geocronite series of the Capillitas Mine, Catamarca. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2006, vol.61, n.2, pp. 231-235.
    

    • Jujuy
    

      • El Palmar District
    
    		Marquez-Zavalia, Maria Florencia, Lomniczi de Upton, Irene & Galliski, Miguel Angel (2001): Krausite in fumaroles from Santa Barbara mine, northwestern Argentina. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte  2001, 378-384. ; Zavalia, Maria Florencia Marquez & Galliski, Miguel Angel (1995): Goldichite of fumarolic origin from the Santa Barbara mine, Jujuy, northwestern Argentina. Canadian Mineralogist 33, 1059-1062. 
    Australia
     
    

    • Queensland
    
    		No reference listed
    Austria
     
    

    • Styria
    

      • Köflach
    

        • Köflach - Voitsberg lignite deposit
    
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    


      • Leutschach
    
    		Taucher, J. (1997)
    Belgium
     
    

    • Hainaut Province (Henegouwen; Hennegau)
    

      • Charleroi
    

        • Fleurus
    

          • Soleimont (Soleilmont)
    
    		Richard de Nul communication
    Bolivia
     
    

    • Potosí Department
    

      • Potosí City
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 605; Mineralogical Record: 32: 465.
    Canada
     
    

    • Ontario
    

      • Algoma District
    

        • Batchewana Bay
    
    		Sabina, Ann P. (1991) Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg, Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 49.
    Chile
     
    

    • Antofagasta Region
    

      • Antofagasta Province
    
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    



        • Sierra Gorda District
    

          • Caracoles
    
    			Malcherek, T. & Schlüter, J. (2010): Anatacamite from La Vendida mine, Sierra Gorda, Atacama desert, Chile: a triclinic polymorph of Cu2(OH)3Cl. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 187, 307-312.
    


      • El Loa Province
    

        • Calama
    

          • Cerritos Bayos
    
    		V. Sapienza; Kampf, A.R.; Mills, S.J.; Housley, R.M.; Williams, P.A.; Dini, M. (2012): Alcaparrosaite, K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2, a new hydrophobic Ti4+ sulfate from Alcaparrosa, Chile. Mineralogical Magazine 76, 851-861.
    




          • Chuquicamata District
    
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    





            • Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster)
    
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD on Arturo Molina material)
    China
     
    

    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
    

      • Wuhai League (Wuhai Prefecture)
    

        • Wuda District
    
    		Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 39, No. 2, p. 81
    




American Mineralogist: 90: 1729-1739.
    

    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
    

      • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
    

        • Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.)
    
    		Yingxia Xu, Kezhang Qin, Kuishou Ding, Yu Miao, Tonghui Fang, Xingwang Xu, and He Sun (2007): Mineral Deposits [Kuangchuang Dizhi] 26(1), 58-69; Yingxia Xu, Kezhang Qin, Kunshou Ding, Jinxiang Li, Yu Miao, Tonghui Fang, Xingwang Xu, Daming Li, and Xiuquan Luo (2008): Acta Petrologica Sinica 24(10), 2371-2383
    Cyprus
     
    

    • Nicosia District (Lefkoşa District; Lefkosia District)
    

      • Skouriotissa
    
    		Dana 7:II: 465,467.
    Czech Republic
     
    

    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
    

      • South Moravia Region
    

        • Brno (Brünn)
    
    		David Parfitt collection
    France
     
    

    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    

      • Hautes-Alpes
    

        • La Chapelle en Valgaudemard
    
    		Bourgoin, V., Favreau, G., Boulliard, J.-C. (2011): Jas Roux: un gisement exceptionnel à minéraux de thallium. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2011, 2-91.
    Germany
     
    

    • Baden-Württemberg
    

      • Black Forest
    

        • Wolfach
    

          • Oberwolfach
    

            • Rankach valley
    
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    

    • Bavaria
    

      • Upper Palatinate
    

        • Oberpfälzer Wald
    

          • Waldsassen
    

            • Pfaffenreuth
    
    		Lapis, 10 (9), 13-20+50.
    

    • Lower Saxony
    

      • Harz
    

        • Goslar
    

          • Rammelsberg
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 465.
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Aachen
    

        • Alsdorf
    
    		Blaß, G. and Strehler, H. (1993): Mineralbildungen in einer durch Selbstentzündung brennenden Bergehalde des Aachener Steinkohlenreviers. Mineralien-Welt 4 (4), 35-42. (in German); XRD analysis (T. Witzke); Sindern, S., Warnsloh, J. M., Witzke, T., Havenith, V., Neef, R. & Etoundi, Y. (2005): Mineralogy and geochemistry of vents formed on the burning coal mining waste dump Anna I, Alsdorf, Germany. Eur. J. Mineral. 17, Beih. 1, 130. 
    


      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
    

        • Herne
    
    		No reference listed
    



        • Marl
    

          • Marl-Hüls
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    

    • Saxony-Anhalt
    

      • Harz
    

        • Wernigerode
    

          • Elbingerode
    
    		Lapis 2003(2), 13-20
    

    • Saxony
    

      • Dresden
    

        • Freital
    
    		Thalheim, K.; Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
    


Thalheim, K.; Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
    

    • Thuringia
    

      • Gera
    

        • Ronneburg U deposit
    
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    



T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    

          • Plaka
    

            • Plaka Mines
    
    		Schnorrer, G. & Breitenbach, H. (1996): Lavrion: Neufunde aus dem antiken Bergbau und in historischen Schlacken. Lapis, 21 (1), 45-48; 62.
    Hungary
     
    

    • Baranya Co.
    

      • Mecsek Mts.
    

        • Pécs
    
    		Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F. (2008): Ammonium sulphates from burning coal dumps at Komló and Pécs-Vasas, Mecsek Mts., South Hungary. Mineralogia, Special Papers, Vol. 32 (2nd Central-European Mineralogical Conference 2008 (CEMC)), 154.
    

    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
    

      • Bükk Mts.
    

        • Miskolc
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    


      • Rudabányai Mts.
    

        • Rudabánya
    
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    

    • Pest Co.
    

      • Börzsöny Mts.
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    

    • Veszprém Co.
    

      • Balaton Uplands
    

        • Tapolcai Basin
    

          • Lesenceistvánd
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    

    • Zala Co.
    

      • Keszthelyi Mts.
    

        • Rezi
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Iran
     
    

    • Hormozgan Province
    

      • Bandar-Abbas County
    

        • Bandar Abbas (Bandar-e Abbas)
    

          • Haji Abad town
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 465.
    

    • Yazd Province
    

      • Saghand (Sagand; Saqand)
    
    		Bariand, P., Cesbron, F. & Berthelon, J. P. (1977): Iron sulfates of Saghand near Yazd (Iran). Memoire Hors-Série de la Société Géologique de France 8, 77-85.
    Italy
     
    

    • Campania
    

      • Naples Province
    

        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    
    		Russo, M., 2006: I minerali di formazione fumarolica della grande eruzione vesuviana del 1906
    




Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
    


      • Phlegrean Volcanic Complex
    

        • Naples Province
    

          • Phlegrean Fields
    

            • Pozzuoli
    
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
    

    • Sicily
    

      • Messina Province
    

        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
    

          • Lipari
    

            • Vulcano Island
    

              • Porto Levante
    
    		I. Campostrini, 2008, pers. com. [M.E. Ciriotti]. PANICHI U. (1924): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell'Isola di Vulcano. - Memorie della  Società Italiana delle  Scienze (detta dei XL) - serie 3 - 19, 3-55.
    






PANICHI U. (1924): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell'Isola di Vulcano. - Memorie della  Società Italiana delle  Scienze (detta dei XL) - serie 3 - 19, 3-55.
    





PANICHI U. (1924): Contributo allo studio dei minerali dell'Isola di Vulcano. - Memorie della  Società Italiana delle  Scienze (detta dei XL) - serie 3 - 19, 3-55.
    

    • Tuscany
    

      • Grosseto Province
    

        • Montieri
    
    		Brizzi G., Masotti A., 1989. Campiano: un vanto d'Italia. La miniera e i suoi minerali. Riv. Miner. Ital., 12: 1-20.
    



        • Scansano
    

          • Pereta
    
    		Brizzi, G. & Meli, R. (1995): La miniera antimonifera di Pereta con un cenno a quella solfo-cinabrifera di Zolfiere in comune di Scansano (GR). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 19:, 217-240.
    


      • Livorno Province
    

        • Elba Island
    

          • Capoliveri
    
    		J. Göske, T. Witzke, H. Pöllmann, S. Stöber (1997) - Neufunde von Sekundarmineralen in der Lagerstatte Calamita/Insel Elba - Der Aufschluss, 48: 305-313.
    


      • Lucca Province
    

        • Apuan Alps
    

          • Vergemoli
    

            • Fornovolasco
    
    		Biagioni, C., Orlandi, P., & Bonini, M. (2008). Fornovolasco. Storia e minerali delle miniere di ferro presso Vergemoli (Alpi Apuane). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2008, 230-252
    Japan
     
    

    • Hokkaido
    

      • Hidaka Province
    

        • Monbetsu (Mombetsu)
    
    		Okamoto collection (curated at the Geological Survey museum, Japan)
    


      • Sorachi Province
    

        • Mikasa City
    
    		Shimobayashi, N., Ohnishi, M., Miura, H. (2011) Ammonium sulfate minerals from Mikasa, Hokkaido, Japan: boussingaultite, godovikovite, efremovite and tschermigite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 106, (in press).
    

    • Kyushu Region
    

      • Nansei Archipelago
    

        • Kagoshima Prefecture
    

          • Tokara Archipelago
    
    		Alfredo Petrov collection.
    Mexico
     
    

    • Durango
    

      • Mun. de Cuencamé
    

        • Velardeña District
    

          • Velardeña
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 463; Panczner (1987): 391.; Am Min (1931), 16:352-360
    Poland
     
    

    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
    

      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
    

        • Katowice area
    
    		Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf (esp. p. 347)]
    




          • Łaziska
    
    		Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska, Upper Silesia. Mag. Thesis. (unpublished)
    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Banská Štiavnica Co.
    

    


      • Žiar nad Hronom Co.
    
    		- Ďuďa R., 1993: Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - Lagersttäte von Kremnitz (Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt,5, 20-32.
    

    • Košice Region
    

      • Gelnica Co.
    

        • Smolník Mining District
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 531; Koděra,  M.  et al., 1986 a  1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel  1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Spain
     
    

    • Andalusia
    

      • Huelva
    

        • Minas de Riotinto
    

          • Rio Tinto Mines
    
    		Calvo, M. et al.(1999). Bocamina (4), 50-86
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Wallis (Valais)
    

      • Martigny
    

        • Mont Chemin
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 121.
    Tajikistan
     
    

    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad)
    

      • Zeravshan Range
    

        • Yagnob River
    
    		PXRD (Lukasz Kruszewski)
    USA
     
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 297; Grant, Raymond W., Bideaux, R.A., and Williams, S.A. (2006) Minerals Added to the Arizona List 1995-2005: 7.
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 352.
    






              • Queen Hill
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 531; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 184, 415; Merwin, H.E. & E. Posnjak (1937), Sulphate encrustations in the Copper Queen mine, Bisbee, AZ, Am.Min.: 22: 567-571; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 59.
    


      • Coconino Co.
    

        • San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts)
    
    		Hanson, S. L., A. U. Fastner, W. B. Simmons (2008) Mineralogy of the Fumerole deposits at Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument, Northern Arizona. Rocks & Mnerals 83:6 pp 534-544.
    


      • Pinal Co.
    

        • Pinal Mts
    

          • Pioneer District
    

            • Superior
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 354, 388, 416.
    


      • Yavapai Co.
    

        • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
    

          • Verde District
    

            • Jerome
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 416; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 287-290;  Hutton, C.O. (1959a), Yavapaiite, an anhydrous potassium, ferric sulfate from Jerome, AZ: Am.Min.: 44: 1105-1114; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 59.
    

    • California
    

      • Contra Costa Co.
    

        • Diablo Range
    

          • Clayton
    

            • Mount Diablo State Park
    

              • Mount Diablo (Mt Diablo)
    
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 382; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 278.
    


      • Inyo Co.
    

        • Coso Mts (Coso Range)
    

          • Coso District (New Coso District)
    

            • China Lake Naval Ordnance Test Station
    

              • Coso Hot Springs
    

    


www.mineralsocal.org
    


      • Napa Co.
    

        • Knoxville District
    

          • Knoxville
    
    		Melville, William Harlow & Waldemar Lindgren (1890), Contributions to the mineralogy of the Pacific coast: USGS Bulletin 61, 40pp.: 23; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 278.
    


      • San Benito Co.
    

        • Diablo Range
    

          • New Idria District
    

            • Idria (New Idria)
    
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 278; www.mineralsocal.org.
    


      • San Bernardino Co.
    

        • Calico Mts (Calico Hills)
    

          • Calico District (Daggett District)
    

            • Yermo
    

              • Mule Canyon
    
    		Foshag, William Frederick (1931c), Krausite, a new sulphate from California: American Mineralogist: 16: 352-360; Moller, W.P. (1963) Sulfur Hole. Mineralogist: 31, part 1, N. 3: 12-16; part 2, No. 4: 14-15; Scordari, F., Vurro, F., and Menchetti, S. (1975) The metavoltine problem: relationships between metavoltine and Maus’ salt. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 22: 88-97; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 278; Joseph F. Cooper, Jr., Gail E. Dunning, Ted A. Hadley, and William P. Moller (2001) The Sulfur Hole, Calico District, San Bernardino County, California
    


      • Shasta Co.
    

        • Cascade Range
    

          • Lassen Volcanic National Park
    

            • Lassen Peak
    
    		Day, Arthur L. & E.T. Allen (1925), The volcanic activity and hot springs of Lassen Peak, California: Carnegie Instit. Washington Pub. 360, 190 pp.; […Volcano Letter o. 293: 1-3 1930]: 118; Anderson, Charles A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, Arizona: American Mineralogist: 12: 290; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 382.
    



        • Klamath Mts
    

          • West Shasta Copper - Zinc District
    

            • Iron Mountain [town]
    

              • Iron Mountain
    
    		Mineralogical Record 22:381-382; Nordstrom, D. K. and Alpers, C. N. (1999): Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restauration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 96, 3455-3462.
    


      • Sonoma Co.
    

        • Mayacmas Mts (Mayacamas Mts)
    

          • West Mayacmas District
    
    		Allen, Eugene T. & Arthur L. Day (1927), Steam wells and other thermal activity at “The Geysers,” California: Carnegie Institute Washington Publication 378: 40; Vonsen, Magnus (1941) Preliminary report on minerals of The Geysers of Sonoma County, California. Mineralogist: 9: 246; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 476.
    






              • Geyser Canyon (Geyser Creek Canyon)
    
    		Vonsen, Magnus (1941) Preliminary report on minerals of The Geysers of Sonoma County, California. Mineralogist: 9: 247; Vonsen, Magnus (1946), Minerals at “The Geysers,” Sonoma County, California: California Division Mines Report 42: 291; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 278.
    

    • Kentucky
    

      • Lincoln Co.
    
    		MinRec 28 (5), 369-384.
    



Rocks & Minerals 81:420-440
    

    • Missouri
    

      • Wayne Co.
    
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    

    • Montana
    

      • Silver Bow Co.
    

        • Butte District (Summit Valley District)
    

          • Butte
    
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Clark Co.
    
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Elko Co.
    

        • Bootstrap District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Nye Co.
    

        • Lodi District
    

          • Quartz Mountain camp
    
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada; Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85:512-524
    

    • New Mexico
    

      • Santa Fe Co.
    

        • La Bajada District
    
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
    

    • Pennsylvania
    

      • Columbia Co.
    
    		STRACHER, Glenn B., (2007) GAS VENT MINERALOGY OF COAL FIRES BURNING AROUND THE WORLD Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 39, No. 2, p. 81
    

    • Tennessee
    

      • Monroe Co.
    

        • Tellico Plains
    
    		Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328.
    

    • Utah
    

      • Emery Co.
    

        • San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell)
    

          • Calf Mesa
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    




Am.Min.40:469; Min Rec  19:331-338
    


      • San Juan Co.
    

        • White Canyon District
    

          • Red Canyon
    

    


      • Utah Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    

    • Virginia
    

      • Wise Co.
    

        • Big Stone Gap
    
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    



Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

    


    

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