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Warwickite

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Amity, Town of Warwick, Orange Co., New York, USA
© 2008, J. Weissman

Show Warwickite Photos (14)
Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Ti[O|BO
 
3
]
 
2
System:OrthorhombicColour:Dark brown, grey to ...
Hardness:3 - 4
Name:Named after its discovery locality, Warwick, Orange County, New York, USA


Initially found as small, rough, prismatic crystals in white Franklin marble.

Classification of Warwickite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/G.03-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:6.AB.20

6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:24.2.2.1

24 : ANHYDROUS BORATES
2 : A2BO2[XO3]
Hey's CIM Ref.:9.6.1

9 : Borates
6 : Borates of Ti, Sn and Ta
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Type Occurrence of Warwickite

Type Locality:Warwick, Town of Warwick, Orange Co., New York, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:Small dark grey to blackish prismatic crystals in white crystalline marble
Year of Discovery:1838
Geological Setting of type material:Occurs in a metamorphosed, crystalline, Precambrian marble (the Franklin Marble).
Associated Minerals at type locality:
SpinelMagnetiteIlmeniteGraphiteDiopside
Chondrodite

Physical Properties of Warwickite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic, Dull
Colour:Dark brown, grey to black; coppery tinge on cleavage at times; reddish brown in transmitted light
Streak:Bluish black
Hardness (Mohs):3 - 4
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100}.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):3.34 - 3.36 g/cm3

Crystallography of Warwickite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:a = 9.19Å, b = 9.35Å, c = 3.08Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.983 : 1 : 0.329
Unit Cell Volume:V 264.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Slender prismatic crystals, terminations rounded.

Optical Data of Warwickite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.806 nβ = 1.809 nγ = 1.830
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.024

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:relatively strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Yellow brown
Y = Reddish brown
Z = Cinnamon brown

Chemical Properties of Warwickite

Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Ti[O|BO
 
3
]
 
2
Essential elements:B, Mg, O, Ti
All elements listed in formula:B, Fe, Mg, O, Ti

Relationship of Warwickite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
6.AB.05Hambergite
Be
 
2
[O|OH|BO
 
2
]
6.AB.10Berborite
Be
 
2
[(OH,F)|BO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
6.AB.15Jeremejevite
Al
 
6
[(F,OH)
 
3
|(BO
 
3
)
 
5
]
6.AB.20Yuanfuliite
Mg(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Al,Ti,Mg)[O|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.25Karlite
Mg
 
7
[(OH,Cl)
 
5
|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
]
6.AB.30Azoproite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Mg)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.30Bonaccordite
Ni
 
2
Fe
3+
 
[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.30Fredrikssonite
Mg
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.30Ludwigite
Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
 
[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.30Vonsenite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.35Pinakiolite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Mn
3+
 
[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.40Blatterite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Sb
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.40Chestermanite
Mg
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
,Al,Sb
3+
 
)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.40Orthopinakiolite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Mn
3+
 
[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.40Takéuchiite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.45Hulsite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Sn)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.45Magnesiohulsite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Sn,Mg)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.45Aluminomagnesiohulsite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Al,Mg,Sn)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.50Fluoborite
Mg
 
3
[(F,OH)
 
3
|BO
 
3
]
6.AB.50Hydroxylborite
Mg
 
3
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
6.AB.55Shabynite
Mg
 
5
[(Cl,OH)
 
2
|(OH)
 
5
|BO
 
3
] · 4H
 
2
O
6.AB.55Wightmanite
Mg
 
5
[O|(OH)
 
5
|BO
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
6.AB.60Gaudefroyite
Ca
 
4
Mn
3+
2-3
[(O,OH)
 
3
|CO
 
3
|(BO
 
3
)
 
3
]
6.AB.65Sakhaite
Ca
 
12
Mg
 
4
[Cl|(OH)
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
4
|(BO
 
3
)
 
7
]
6.AB.70Harkerite
Ca
 
24
Mg
 
8
Al
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH)
 
32
(BO
 
3
)
 
8
(CO
 
3
)
 
8
(H
 
2
O,Cl)
6.AB.75Pertsevite
Mg
 
2
BO
 
3
(F,OH)
6.AB.75IMA2008-060
Mg
 
2
(BO
 
3
)(OH)
6.AB.80Jacquesdietrichite
Cu
 
2
BO(OH)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
6.AB.85Painite
CaZrAl
 
9
[O
 
15
|BO
 
3
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
9.6.2Azoproite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Mg)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
9.6.3Nordenskiöldine
CaSn
4+
 
[BO
 
3
]
 
2
9.6.4Hulsite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Sn)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
9.6.5Magnesiohulsite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Sn,Mg)[O
 
2
|BO
 
3
]
9.6.6Behierite
(Ta
5+
 
,Nb
5+
 
)[BO
 
4
]

Other Names for Warwickite

Synonyms:
Enceladite
Other Languages:
German:Warwickit
Russian:Варвикит
Spanish:Warwickita

Other Information

Other Information:Decomposed in sulfuric acid.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Warwickite

Reference List:Shepard (1838), American Journal of Science: 34: 313-315.

Shepard (1839), American Journal of Science: 36: 85.

Hunt (1846) American Journal of Science: 2: 30 (as Enceladite).

Hunt (1851) American Journal of Science: 11: 352.

Des Cloizeaux, A. (1874) Manuel de minéralogie. 2 volumes and Atlas, Paris. volume 2, 1 Fasc., 208pp. (1874); 2 Fasc., pp 209-544 (1874/93): 16.

Smith (1874) American Journal of Science: 8: 432.

Lacroix (1886) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 7: 74.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 881.

Bradley (1909) American Journal of Science: 27: 179.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 156.

The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 96.

Takeuchi, Watanabe and Ito (1950) Acta Crystallographica: 3: 98.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 326-327.

American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 985-1004.

Mineralogical Magazine (1997): 61: 693-698.

Grew, E.S., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) BORON: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, second edition, as revised (2002).

Internet Links for Warwickite

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    Localities for Warwickite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Zeehan district
        • Mt Heemskirk mineral field
    		Kwak, T.A.P., and Nicholson, M. (1988): Mineralogical Magazine 52, 713-716.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Bancroft District
          • Herschel Township
            • Baptiste Lake
    		Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 39; Sabina, A.P. (1982): Some rare minerals of the Bancroft area. Mineralogical Record 13 (4), 226
    Germany
     
    • Thuringia
      • Harz Mts
        • Nordhausen
          • Ilfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Miyako City
            • Neichi mine
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Watanabe et al (1963) Proceedings of the Japan Academy, series B, 39, 164-169.
    Norway
     
    • Troms
    		Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
    		Schreyer et al (1998), Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 133: 382-388.
    Spain
     
    • Murcia
      • Jumilla
        • La Celia
    USA
     
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Hardyston Township
          • Rudeville
    		Volkert, et al. (2005)
    • New York
      • Orange Co.
        • Town of Warwick
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 63.
    George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 71.
    Shepard, 1838; AM:59(1974):985; The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 96.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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