Hereroite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hereroite
Formula:
[Pb32(O,◻)21](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo]O4)2Cl10
Colour:
Bright orange
Lustre:
Adamantine
Specific Gravity:
8.15 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Hereroite is named after the Herero people, one of the indigenous tribal groupings in the region where the Kombat mine is located.
Structurally and chemically related to erikjonssonite. Also chemically related to janchevite, kombatite, and vanadinite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
42825
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:42825:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
2d365cb0-1f89-40c9-9608-f1316e65ab7e
IMA Classification of Hereroite
Approved
IMA Formula:
[Pb32(O,◻)21](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10
Approval year:
2011
First published:
2012
Classification of Hereroite
8.BO.50
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
O : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
O : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hre | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hereroite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Bright orange
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
none
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
8.15 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Could not be measured
Optical Data of Hereroite
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400nm | 20.4% |
420nm | 19.4% |
440nm | 18.6% |
460nm | 18.1% |
470nm | 17.9% |
480nm | 17.7% |
500nm | 17.4% |
520nm | 17.1% |
540nm | 16.9% |
546nm | 16.9% |
560nm | 16.8% |
580nm | 16.7% |
589nm | 16.6% |
600nm | 16.55% |
620nm | 16.4% |
640nm | 16.3% |
650nm | 16.3% |
660nm | 16.2% |
680nm | 16.3% |
700nm | 16.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 20.4%.
Colour in reflected light:
Grey with a bluish tint
Internal Reflections:
Yellowish orange
Chemistry of Hereroite
Mindat Formula:
[Pb32(O,◻)21](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo]O4)2Cl10
Crystallography of Hereroite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 23.139(4) Å, b = 22.684(4) Å, c = 12.389(2) Å
β = 102.090(3)°
β = 102.090(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.02 : 1 : 0.546
Unit Cell V:
6,358.57 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0019741 | Hereroite | Siidra O I, Krivovichev S V, Turner R W, Rumsey M S, Spratt J (2013) Crystal chemistry of layered Pb oxychloride minerals with PbO-related structures: Part I. Crystal structure of hereroite, [Pb32O20(O,[_])](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10 American Mineralogist 98 248-255 | 2013 | Kombat mine, Grootfontein, Namibia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.901 Å | (21) |
3.516 Å | (23) |
2.982 Å | (100) |
2.837 Å | (47) |
1.986 Å | (24) |
1.758 Å | (14) |
1.641 Å | (24) |
1.598 Å | (12) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Hereroite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Intergrown glassy orange grains. The individual grains are generally <1 mm in size and they form aggregates up to ~3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum in London,catalogue number BM2010,101.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal deposit that has undergone oxidation.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Turner, R., Siidra, O.I., Rumsey, M.S., Krivovichev, S.V., Stanley, C.J., and Spratt, J. (2012) Hereroite and Vladkrivovichevite: two novel lead oxychlorides from the Kombat mine, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine: 76: 883-890.
Synonyms of Hereroite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Hereroite associated with Vladkrivovichevite | [Pb32O18][Pb4Mn2O]Cl14(BO3)8 · 2H2O |
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Asisite | Pb7SiO9Cl2 |
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Kombatite | Pb14(VO4)2O9Cl4 |
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Sahlinite | Pb14(AsO4)2O9Cl4 |
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Barysilite | Pb8Mn2+[Si2O7]3 |
1 photo of Hereroite associated with Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.BO. | Ariegilatite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(PO4)2F2O |
8.BO. | Aravaite | Ba2Ca18(SiO4)6(PO4)3(CO3)F3O |
8.BO. | Theuerdankite | Ag3AsO4 |
8.BO.05 | Nacaphite | Na2Ca(PO4)F |
8.BO.10 | Preisingerite | Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH) |
8.BO.10 | Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
8.BO.10 | Schumacherite | Bi3(VO4)2O(OH) |
8.BO.15 | Atelestite | Bi2(AsO4)O(OH) |
8.BO.15 | Hechtsbergite | Bi2(VO4)O(OH) |
8.BO.15 | Smrkovecite | Bi2(PO4)O(OH) |
8.BO.20 | Kombatite | Pb14(VO4)2O9Cl4 |
8.BO.20 | Sahlinite | Pb14(AsO4)2O9Cl4 |
8.BO.25 | Heneuite | CaMg5(CO3)(PO4)3(OH) |
8.BO.30 | Nefedovite | Na5Ca4(PO4)4F |
8.BO.35 | Kuznetsovite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+[AsO4]Cl |
8.BO.40 | Artsmithite | [Hg2]2+2Al(PO4)1.74(OH)1.78 |
8.BO.45 | Schlegelite | Bi7(AsO4)3(MoO4)2O4 |
8.BO.50 | Erikjonssonite | (Pb32O21)[(V,Si,Mo,As)O4]4Cl9 |
8.BO.55 | Rudabányaite | (Ag2Hg2)(AsO4)Cl |
8.BO.60 | Segerstromite | Ca3(As5+O4)2[As3+(OH)3]2 |
8.BO.65 | Wiklundite | Pb2(Mn2+,Zn)3(Fe3+,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)19(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]6(OH)18Cl6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hereroite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-42825.html
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References for Hereroite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011, CNMNC Newsletter No. 10. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (5) 2549-2561 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2549
Turner, R., Siidra, O. I., Rumsey, M. S., Krivovichev, S. V., Stanley, C. J., Spratt, J. (2012) Hereroite and vladkrivovichevite: two novel lead oxychlorides from the Kombat mine, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (4) 883-890 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.4.05
Siidra, O. I., Krivovichev, S. V., Turner, R. W., Rumsey, M. S., Spratt, J. (2013) Crystal chemistry of layered Pb oxychloride minerals with PbO-related structures: Part I. Crystal structure of hereroite, [Pb32O20(O,◻)](AsO4)2[(Si,As,V,Mo)O4]2Cl10. American Mineralogist, 98 (1) 248-255 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4241
Localities for Hereroite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Namibia (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
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Kombat Mine, Kombat, Otavi Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia