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Wöhlerite

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Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Light to dark yellow, ...
Hardness:5½ - 6
Member of:Wöhlerite Group
Name:
Named after Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882), professor of chemistry in the University of Göttingen (Germany).

Classification of Wöhlerite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.11-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.17

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.4.5

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.8.10

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
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Type Occurrence of Wöhlerite

Type Locality:Løvøya (Løvø; Lövö; Lövöe), Langesundsfjorden, Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway
Year of Discovery:1843
Geological Setting of type material:Syenite pegmatite

Occurrences of Wöhlerite

Geological Setting:Late phase of alkalid pegmatites, nepheline syenites, fenites, carbonatites.

Physical Properties of Wöhlerite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Light to dark yellow, brown, gray
Streak:Yellowish white
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}
Poor on {100}{110}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density (measured):3.40 - 3.44 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.42 g/cm3

Crystallography of Wöhlerite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:P21 {P1 1 21} {P21} {P1 21 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 10.823(3) Å, b = 10.244(3) Å, c = 7.290(2) Å
β = 109.00(4)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.057 : 1 : 0.712
Unit Cell Volume:V 764.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Prismatic crystals to 3cm, tabular, granular
Twinning:Twin plane {010} common
Crystal Atlas:
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Wöhlerite no.22 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Wöhlerite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.700 - 1.705 nβ = 1.716 - 1.720 nγ = 1.726 - 1.728
2V:Measured: 70° to 77°, Calculated: 70° to 76°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.026

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v weak
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X=Y= nearly colorless to pale yellow
Z= wine-yellow

Chemical Properties of Wöhlerite

Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Essential elements:Ca, Na, O, Si, Zr
All elements listed in formula:Ca, F, H, Na, Nb, O, Si, Zr
Common Impurities:Ti,Hf,Al,Y,Ce,La,Fe,Ta,Mn,Mg,Sr

Relationship of Wöhlerite to other Species

Member of:Wöhlerite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
Låvenite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.BE.02Wadsleyite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
9.BE.05Hennomartinite
SrMn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
· H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Lawsonite
CaAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
· H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Noelbensonite
BaMn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
· H
 
2
O
9.BE.05Itoigawaite
SrAl
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
2
· H
 
2
O
9.BE.07Ilvaite
CaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.07Manganilvaite
Ca(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.10Suolunite
Ca
 
2
(H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
) · H
 
2
O
9.BE.12Jaffeite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
6
9.BE.15Fresnoite
Ba
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
9.BE.17Baghdadite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.17Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
9.BE.17Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Janhaugite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Ti,Zr,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Låvenite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.17Normandite
NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
Zr
 
2
(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
5
9.BE.17Marianoite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(Nb,Zr)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
2
9.BE.20Mosandrite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(REE)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ca
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
9.BE.22Götzenite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
5
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
F
 
4
9.BE.22Hainite
Na
 
4
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Zr,Mn)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
F
 
4
9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
9.BE.22Kochite
(Na,Ca)
 
3
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Ca)ZrTi(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(F,O)
 
4
9.BE.23Dovyrenite
Ca
 
6
Zr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
(Ba,Na)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(OH,F)
9.BE.25Ericssonite
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
(Sr,K,Ba)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O(O,OH,F)
9.BE.25Ericssonite-2O
BaMn
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH)
9.BE.25Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Mn
2+
2
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
F
 
4
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
Na
 
3
(Ba,Na)
 
2
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.BE.25Grenmarite
(Zr,Mn)
 
2
(Zr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(O,F)
 
4
9.BE.27Murmanite
Na
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
· 2H
 
2
O
9.BE.30Epistolite
Na
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
· nH
 
2
O
9.BE.32Lomonosovite
Na
 
5
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
9.BE.35Vuonnemite
Na
 
11
Ti
4+
 
Nb
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
3
(F,OH)
9.BE.37Sobolevite
Na
 
13
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
3
F
 
3
9.BE.40Innelite
Na
 
2
CaBa
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
4
9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
Na
 
3
Ba
 
4
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
Ba
 
2
Mn
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)O(OH)
9.BE.45Quadruphite
Na
 
14
Ca
 
2
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
F
9.BE.47Polyphite
Na
 
5
(Na
 
4
Ca
 
2
)Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
O
 
2
F
 
2
9.BE.50Bornemanite
Na
 
6
BaTi
 
2
Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)F
9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
Na
 
10
Mn
2+
 
Ti
 
3
Nb
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
(OH)
 
2
F · 12H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Bafertisite
Ba(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(O,OH)
 
2
9.BE.55Hejtmanite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O(OH,F)
9.BE.55Bykovaite
(Ba,Na,K)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(H
 
2
O,F,OH)
 
2
· 3.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
(Ba,Sr,K)
 
2
(Na,Ti,Mn)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(O,H
 
2
O,F)
 
2
· 4.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.60Delindeite
(Na,K)
 
2
(Ba,Ca)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
· 2H
 
2
O
9.BE.65Bussenite
Na
 
2
Ba
 
2
Fe
2+
 
Ti(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
3
F
9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
BaNaFe
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Perraultite
BaNaMn
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
9.BE.67Surkhobite
NaCaBa
 
2
Mn
 
8
Ti
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
5
F
 
5
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(OH)
 
4
· 3H
 
2
O
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Zr)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Ca,Th)
 
4
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Cr
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Rengeite
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Matsubaraite
Sr
 
4
Ti
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti,Fe
2+
 
,◻)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
(La,Ce,Ca)
 
4
(Fe,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70UKI-2008-(SiO:SrTiZr)
Sr
 
4
ZrTi
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.70Hezuolinite
(Sr,REE)
 
4
Zr(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
9.BE.72Fersmanite
Ca
 
4
(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
F
 
3
9.BE.75Belkovite
Ba
 
3
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
12
9.BE.77Nasonite
Pb
 
6
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
3
Cl
 
2
9.BE.80Kentrolite
Pb
 
2
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.80Melanotekite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
9.BE.82Tilleyite
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
9.BE.85Killalaite
Ca
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
) · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
(La,Nd,Ca)
 
3
Mn
2+
3
Cu(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
4+
 
)
 
26
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
6
O
 
5
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
Ce
 
2
Fe
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
9.BE.92Cervandonite-(Ce)
(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti,Al)
 
3
O
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
9.BE.95Batisivite
BaV
3+
8
Ti
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
22
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.8.1Epistolite
Na
 
2
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
· nH
 
2
O
17.8.2Murmanite
Na
 
2
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)O
 
2
· 2H
 
2
O
17.8.3Perraultite
BaNaMn
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
17.8.4Niocalite
(Ca,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
17.8.5Mongolite
Ca
 
4
Nb
 
6
Si
 
5
O
 
24
(OH)
 
10
· nH
 
2
O
17.8.6Fersmanite
Ca
 
4
(Na,Ca)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
8
F
 
3
17.8.7Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ca
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)Nb(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
17.8.8Nenadkevichite
(Na,◻)
 
8
Nb
 
4
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
4
· 8H
 
2
O
17.8.9Natrokomarovite
(Na,Ca,H)
 
2
Nb
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
10
(OH,F)
 
2
· H
 
2
O
17.8.11Belkovite
Ba
 
3
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
12
17.8.12Baotite
Ba
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
8
Si
 
4
O
 
28
Cl
17.8.13Shcherbakovite
(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)O
 
2
17.8.14Ilímaussite-(Ce)
(Na,K)
 
7-8
(Ba,K)
 
10
Ce
 
5
(Nb,Ti)
 
6
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
4
(Si
 
9
O
 
18
)O
 
6
(O,OH)
 
24
17.8.15Komarovite
(Ca,Mn)Nb
 
2
[O
 
3
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · 3.5H
 
2
O
17.8.16Manganbelyankinite
(Mn,Ca)(Ti,Nb)
 
5
O
 
12
· 9H
 
2
O
17.8.17Niobophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Nb,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
(O,OH,F)
 
31
17.8.18Caesium-Kupletskite

Other Names for Wöhlerite

Other Languages:
German:Wöhlerit
Russian:Велерит
Spanish:Wöhlerita

Other Information

Other Information:Cathodoluminescence is blue-green
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Wöhlerite

Reference List:

- +
- Scheerer, Th. (1843): Über den Wöhlerit, eine neue Mineralspecies. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (herausgegeben zu Berlin von J.C. Poggendorff). 59: 327-336

- Mellini, M., & Merlino, S. (1979): Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Wöhlerite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 26: 109-123.

- Mariano, A.N., & Roeder, P.L. (1989): Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist: 27: 709-720.

Internet Links for Wöhlerite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Wöhlerite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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  • Localities for Wöhlerite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    Bottrill, RS, 1997. The Minerals of the Cygnet District. The Mineralogical Society of Tasmania Newsletter, 25, p.12
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
    Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    [MinRec 10:105, 13:242, 23:429, 21:344, 21:346-347]
      • Montréal
    Bancroft & Howard (1923)
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    Hentschel, G., Neufunde von Üdersdorf, Lapis, Weise Verlag, München, 09/1993
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
    Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
              • Wingertsberg
    Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    Kratzsch, E., Die Mineralien vom Dachsbusch, Lapis , 14, 11-21, 1989
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Narsarsuaq (Narssarssuaq)
          • Qôroq Firth
    Coulson I. M., 1997. Post-magmatic alteration in eudialyte from the North Qôroq centre, South Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine, 61: 99-109.
    Guinea
     
    Biagioni, C. (2007). I disilicati di Zr-Ti-Nb-REE delle sieniti a nefelina delle Iles de Los (Guinea). Tesi di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    [Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
      • Phlegrean Volcanic complex
        • Naples province
          • Ischia Island
            • Lacco Ameno
    Pichler, H., (1970): Italienische Vulkan-Gebiete II, Phlegräische Felder, Ischia,.... , Bornträger Berlin Stuttgart
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mali
     
    • Kidal Region
    Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Norway
     
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
    Brøgger, W.C. (1894) Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes. 1. Die Gesteine der Grorudit - Tinguait - Serie. (Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter I. Mat.-Naturv. Kl. 1894, no. 4) p 11
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    Knut Eldjarn
        • Eidanger
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16
        • Langangen
          • Kokkersvold - Blåfjell
    Larsen, A.O. & Åsheim,A.(1976):"Mineraler fra Langangen".NAGS-nytt 3(1),9-12. (in norwegian); Am Min 68:5-6 pp 628-633
        • Langesundsfjorden
    Scheerer, Th. (1843): Über den Wöhlerit, eine neue Mineralspecies. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 59: 327-336
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
          • Siktesøya
    Larsen, A.O. & Raade, G. (1991): Gaidonnayite from the nepheline syenite pegmatite on Siktesøya in the southern part of the Oslo Region, norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 71: 303-306
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    Andersen, F. (1993): Hedrum pukkverk i Lågendalen. STEIN 20 (4), 236-238
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Arøya (Arö; Store Arøya)
    Brøgger, W.C.(1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16, XVI, p.257
          • Barkevik area
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral.16. 663 pp
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240p
    Weibye, P.C. (1849): Die Mineralien der Lagerstätten bei Brevig, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, Schweitzerbart 1849 : 521-525
    Scheerer, Th., (1844): Nachträgliches über den Wöhlerit, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 137, 222-223
          • Vesle Arøya
    Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p 462
        • Pauler
    Field observations and/or collected by Peter Andresen, 7. February 2010
    Collected by Peter Andresen, 2010.
        • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
    Weibye, P.C. (1848): Beiträge zur topographischen Mineralogie Norwegens. Archiv für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde 22:465-544
        • Tjølling
          • Håkestad
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
        • Tvedalen
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 pp
      • Sandefjord
        • Østerøya
    Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrift. 20, 50-59
        • Tønsbergfjorden
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
    Pál-Molnár (2000)
    Sweden
     
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
        • Alnö
          • Hörningsholm
    Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    USA
     
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Moultonborough
    Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.62
    Meyers & Stewart, 1956: Geology of NH, Part III, p. 62
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