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Wöhlerite

Big Photo

Laach lake volcanic complex, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Wöhlerite Photos (17)
Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Light to dark yellow, ...
Hardness:5½ - 6
Name:Named after Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882), professor of chemistry in the University of Göttingen (Germany).


Cuspidine Group.

Classification of Wöhlerite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.11-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BE.17

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:56.2.4.5

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.8.10

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-4303.html
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Type Occurrence of Wöhlerite

Type Locality:Løvøya (Løvø; Lövö), Langesundsfjorden, Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway
Year of Discovery:1843

Physical Properties of Wöhlerite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy, Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Light to dark yellow, brown, gray
Streak:Yellowish white
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6

Crystallography of Wöhlerite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 10.87Å, b = 10.27Å, c = 7.32Å
β = 109.08°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.058 : 1 : 0.713
Unit Cell Volume:V 772.27 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal Atlas:
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Wöhlerite no.22 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Wöhlerite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.700 - 1.705 nβ = 1.716 - 1.720 nγ = 1.726 - 1.728
2V:Measured: 70° to 77°, Calculated: 70° to 76°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.026

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v weak

Chemical Properties of Wöhlerite

Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Zr,Nb)[(O,OH,F)
 
2
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:Ca, Na, O, Si, Zr
All elements listed in formula:Ca, F, H, Na, Nb, O, Si, Zr
Common Impurities:Ti,Hf,Al,Y,Ce,La,Fe,Ta,Mn,Mg,Sr

Relationship of Wöhlerite to other Species

Related to:
  • Wöhlerite Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    9.BE.02Wadsleyite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.BE.05Hennomartinite
    SrMn
    3+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.05Lawsonite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.05Noelbensonite
    BaMn
    3+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.05Itoigawaite
    SrAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.07Ilvaite
    CaFe
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.07Manganilvaite
    Ca(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.10Suolunite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[H
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.12Jaffeite
    Ca
     
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.15Fresnoite
    Ba
     
    2
    		Ti[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Baghdadite
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Burpalite
    Na
     
    2
    		CaZr[F
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Cuspidine
    Ca
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Hiortdahlite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    9.BE.17Janhaugite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Mn,Fe)
     
    3
    		(Ti,Zr,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    15
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    9.BE.17Låvenite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Zr,Ti)[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Niocalite
    (Ca,Nb)
     
    4
    		[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Normandite
    NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)[(O,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.17Hiortdahlite I
    (Na
     
    3
    		Ca)Ca
     
    8
    		Zr
     
    2
    		(M
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    3
    		F
     
    5
    9.BE.17IMA2005-005a
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    4
    		(Nb,Zr)
     
    2
    		[(O,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.20Mosandrite
    (Ca,Na,Ce)
     
    12
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		[F
     
    4
    		|(OH)
     
    6
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
    Na
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    3
    		(Ce,La,Nd)Nb[F
     
    3
    		|O|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.20Rinkite
    Na(Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Ca,Ce)
     
    4
    		Ti[F
     
    2
    		|(O,F)
     
    2
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.22Götzenite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    5
    		Ti[F
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.22Hainite
    Na
     
    4
    		Ca
     
    8
    		(Ti,Zr,Mn)
     
    3
    		[F
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.22Rosenbuschite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)[O|F|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.22Kochite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn,Ca)ZrTi[(F,O)
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.BE.23Dovyrenite
    Ca
     
    6
    		Zr(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite
    (Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.25Ericssonite
    BaMn
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.25Lamprophyllite
    (Sr,K,Ba)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(O,OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.25Orthoericssonite
    BaMn
    2+
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[O|OH|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.25Seidozerite
    Na
     
    8
    		Zr
     
    3
    		Ti
     
    3
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		[O|F|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    4
    9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite
    Na
     
    3
    		(Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    3
    		[O|(OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.25Grenmarite
    (Zr,Mn)
     
    2
    		(Zr,Ti)(Mn,Na)(Na,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(O,F)
     
    4
    9.BE.27Murmanite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    9
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.30Epistolite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · nH
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.32Lomonosovite
    Na
     
    5
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.35Vuonnemite
    Na
     
    11
    		Ti
    4+
     
    		Nb
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    		(F,OH)
    9.BE.37Sobolevite
    Na
     
    12
    		Ca(NaCaMn)Ti
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    3
    		F
     
    3
    9.BE.40Innelite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Ba,K)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Ca,Fe)Ti
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH,F)
     
    1.5
    		SO
     
    4
    9.BE.40Phosphoinnelite
    Ba
     
    4
    		Na
     
    3
    		Ti
     
    3
    		[(O,F)
     
    3
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		,SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    14
    		]
    9.BE.42Yoshimuraite
    Ba
     
    2
    		Mn
     
    2
    		TiOSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
    9.BE.45Quadruphite
    Na
     
    14
    		Ca
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    4
    		[O
     
    2
    		|F|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.47Polyphite
    Na
     
    5
    		(Na
     
    4
    		Ca
     
    2
    		)Ti
     
    2
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		O
     
    2
    		F
     
    2
    9.BE.50Bornemanite
    BaNa
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		NbSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    17
    		(F,OH)·Na
     
    3
    		PO
     
    4
    9.BE.50Shkatulkaite
    Na
     
    10
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		Ti
     
    3
    		Nb
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|F|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    6
    		] · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.50Shkatulkalite
    9.BE.50Bykovaite
    BaNa(Na,Ti)
     
    4
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    14
    		(O,OH)
     
    3
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.55Bafertisite
    Ba(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(O,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.55Hejtmanite
    Ba(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.55Nechelyustovite
    (Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		{(Na,Ti,Mn)
     
    4
    		[(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    14
    		](OH,O,F)
     
    2
    		} · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.60Delindeite
    (Na,K)
     
    2.7
    		(Ba,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    14
    9.BE.65Bussenite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ba
     
    2
    		FeTiSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)(OH)
     
    3
    		F
    9.BE.67Jinshajiangite
    (Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Fe,Mn)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    16
    		(F,O,OH)
     
    2-3
    9.BE.67Perraultite
    (Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Mn,Fe)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    9.BE.67Surkhobite
    (Ba,K)
     
    2
    		CaNaMn
     
    8
    		Ti
     
    4
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    4
    		(F,OH,O)
     
    6
    9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si,P)
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca,Th)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite
    (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)
     
    4
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		(Ti,Zr)
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)
     
    4
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Nb)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Cr
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Rengeite
    Sr
     
    4
    		ZrTi
     
    4
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Matsubaraite
    Sr
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    5
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)
    Ce
     
    4
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)
    (REE,Ca)
     
    4
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti,Fe
    2+
     
    		,[])(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Nb)
     
    4
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)
    (La,Ce, Ca)
     
    4
    		(Fe,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Ti,Fe)
     
    4
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.72Fersmanite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    11
    		(F,OH)
     
    2
    9.BE.75Belkovite
    Ba
     
    3
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    9.BE.77Nasonite
    Pb
     
    6
    		Ca
     
    4
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.BE.80Kentrolite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.80Melanotekite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.82Tilleyite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    9.BE.85Killalaite
    Ca
     
    3
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)
    (La,Nd,Ca)
     
    3
    		Mn
    2+
    3
    		Cu(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    4+
     
    		)
     
    26
    		[O
     
    5
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    6
    9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)
    Ce
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    17.8.1Epistolite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · nH
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.2Murmanite
    Na
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    9
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.3Perraultite
    (Na,Ca)(Ba,K)(Mn,Fe)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH,F,O)
     
    3
    17.8.4Niocalite
    (Ca,Nb)
     
    4
    		[(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.8.5Mongolite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Nb
     
    6
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    24
    		(OH)
     
    10
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.6Fersmanite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    11
    		(F,OH)
     
    2
    17.8.7Nacareniobsite-(Ce)
    Na
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    3
    		(Ce,La,Nd)Nb[F
     
    3
    		|O|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.8.8Nenadkevichite
    (Na,Ca)(Nb,Ti)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.9Natrokomarovite
    (Na,Ca,H)
     
    2
    		Nb
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH,F)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.11Belkovite
    Ba
     
    3
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    17.8.12Baotite
    Ba
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    8
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    28
    		Cl
    17.8.13Shcherbakovite
    Na(K,Ba)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
     
    2
    17.8.14Ilímaussite-(Ce)
    (Na,K)
     
    7-8
    		(Ba,K)
     
    10
    		Ce
     
    5
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    18
    		(O,OH)
     
    24
    		|(Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.8.15Komarovite
    (Ca,Mn)Nb
     
    2
    		[O
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 3.5H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.16Manganbelyankinite
    (Mn,Ca)(Ti,Nb)
     
    5
    		O
     
    12
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    17.8.17Niobophyllite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    6
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    31
    17.8.18Caesium-Kupletskite

    Other Names for Wöhlerite

    German names:
    Wöhlerit
    Russian names:
    Велерит
    Spanish names:
    Wöhlerita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Wöhlerite

    Reference List:Mellini, M., & Merlino, S. (1979): Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Wöhlerite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 26: 109-123.

    Mariano, A.N., & Roeder, P.L. (1989): Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist: 27: 709-720.

    Internet Links for Wöhlerite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Wöhlerite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Wöhlerite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Wöhlerite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		Bottrill, RS, 1997. The Minerals of the Cygnet District. The Mineralogical Society of Tasmania Newsletter, 25, p.12
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
    		Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
    • Québec
      • Deux-Montagnes Co.
        • Oka complex
    		Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
      • Rouville Co.
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		[MinRec 10:105, 13:242, 23:429, 21:344, 21:346-347]
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Hentschel, G., Neufunde von Üdersdorf, Lapis, Weise Verlag, München, 09/1993
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
    Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Hentschel, G., Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Laacher Vulkangebiet, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 9, 121-125, 1980
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Kratzsch, E., Die Mineralien vom Dachsbusch, Lapis , 14, 11-21, 1989
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Narsarsuaq (Narssarssuaq)
          • Qôroq Firth
    		Coulson I. M., 1997. Post-magmatic alteration in eudialyte from the North Qôroq centre, South Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine, 61: 99-109.
    Guinea
     
    Biagioni, C. (2007). I disilicati di Zr-Ti-Nb-REE delle sieniti a nefelina delle Iles de Los (Guinea). Tesi di laurea inedita, Università di Pisa.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
      • Phlegrean Fields
        • Ischia Island
          • Lacco Ameno
    		Pichler, H., (1970): Italienische Vulkan-Gebiete II, Phlegräische Felder, Ischia,.... , Bornträger Berlin Stuttgart
    Malawi
     
    • Balaka District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mali
     
    • Kidal Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Norway
     
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1894) Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes. 1. Die Gesteine der Grorudit - Tinguait - Serie. (Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter I. Mat.-Naturv. Kl. 1894, no. 4) p 11
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Bjørkedalen
    		Knut Eldjarn
        • Langangen
          • Kokkersvold - Blåfjell
    		Larsen, A.O. & Åsheim,A.(1976):"Mineraler fra Langangen".NAGS-nytt 3(1),9-12. (in norwegian); Am Min 68:5-6 pp 628-633
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		No reference listed
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
          • Siktesøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		No reference listed
    A. O. Larsen, A. Åsheim and R. A. Gault, 2005.
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Lågendalen
    [MinRec 9:113]
          • Barkevik
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral.16. 663 pp
    Weibye, P.C. (1849): Die Mineralien der Lagerstätten bei Brevig, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, Schweitzerbart 1849
        • Tvedalen
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    P. Andresen, 2005.
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    USA
     
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Moultonborough
    		Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.62
    Meyers & Stewart, 1956: Geology of NH, Part III, p. 62
    Mineral and/or Locality
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