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Woodruffite

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Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
© 2008, JGW

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Formula:
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Chocolate-brown to black
Hardness:4½
Name:Named after Samuel Woodruff, miner and collector of Franklin, New Jersey, USA.


Chalcophanite Group.

Classification of Woodruffite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.09-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FL.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:7.8.1.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.5.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg
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Type Occurrence of Woodruffite

Type Locality:Passaic Pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine), Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1953

Physical Properties of Woodruffite

Lustre:Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Chocolate-brown to black
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Density (calculated):3.983 g/cm3

Crystallography of Woodruffite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 24.81Å, b = 2.85Å, c = 9.58Å
α = 93.85°
Ratio:a:b:c = 8.705 : 1 : 3.361
Unit Cell Volume:V 676 ų
Comment:Pseudo-tetragonal (primitive); a ~8.42, c ~9.28 A.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
9.34 (5)
4.66 (10)
2.66 (6)
2.48 (6)
1.86 (4)
1.69 (4)
1.48 (5)

Chemical Properties of Woodruffite

Formula:
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Zn
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O, Zn

Relationship of Woodruffite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FL.05Woodallite
Mg
 
6
Cr
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Iowaite
Mg
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Jamborite
(Ni
2+
 
,Ni
3+
 
,Co,Fe)(OH)
 
2
(OH,S,H
 
2
O)
4.FL.05Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Muskoxite
Mg
 
7
Fe
 
4
O
 
13
 · 10H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Fougèrite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
18
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.10Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
 · 2H
 
2
O
4.FL.15Kuzelite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
2.4
(OH)
 
12.8
(SO
 
4
) · 6H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Chalcophanite
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Ernienickelite
NiMn
 
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Jianshuiite
(Mg,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.30Asbolane
(Ni,Co)
 
2-x
Mn
4+
 
(O,OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
4.FL.35Buserite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
14
O
 
27
 · 21H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Takanelite
(Mn,Ca)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
 · H
 
2
O
4.FL.45Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
4.FL.55Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
 · 2-4H
 
2
O
4.FL.60Jensenite
Cu
 
3
[TeO
 
6
] · 2H
 
2
O
4.FL.65Leisingite
Cu(Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn)
 
2
[TeO
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
4.FL.70Akdalaite
4Al
 
2
O
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
4.FL.75Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.80Mourite
UMo
 
5
O
 
12
(OH)
 
10
4.FL.85Deloryite
Cu
 
4
(UO
 
2
)(MoO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.5.1Zincite
(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)O
7.5.2Sweetite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.3Ashoverite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.4Wülfingite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.5Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.6Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.7Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.5.8Chalcophanite
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.5.10Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.5.11Monteponite
CdO
7.5.12Montroydite
HgO

Other Names for Woodruffite

Other Languages:
German:Woodruffit
Russian:Вудрафит
Spanish:Woodruffita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Woodruffite

Reference List:

- +
Frondel, C. (1953): New manganese oxides: hydrohausmannite and woodruffite. American Mineralogist 38, 761-769.

Mineralogical Magazine (1963): 33: 506-507.

Meisser, N. & Perseil, E. A. (1993): Occurrence of woodruffite, (Zn,Mn+2)Mn3+4O7.1-2H2O, hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, and hydrohetaerolite, HZnMn2-xO4, of supergene origin in a skarn of Mount Chemin (Valais, Switzerland). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 73, 11-19.

Post J.E., Heaney, P.J., Cahill, C.L. and Finger, L.W. (2003): Woodruffite: A new Mn oxide structure with 3 x 4 tunnels. American Mineralogist 88, 1697-1702.

Internet Links for Woodruffite

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    • Localities for Woodruffite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Bleiberg District
          • Heiligengeist
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Lajemmerais RCM
          • Varennes & St-Amable
            • Saint-Amable sill
    		Mineralogical Record: 29: 83.
    Germany
     
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
              • Hilarion area
    		Lapis, 26, 11 (Nov. 2001), p.43
    India
     
    • Karnataka
      • Bellary district
        • Bellary-Hospet iron belt
          • Sandur
    		Rao, J. S. R. K., Naidu, B. V. & Rao, K. V. (1979): Ore microscopic, x-ray and trace elemental data on manganese ores from Sandur, Karnataka, India. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica 24, 91-97.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Yamagata Prefecture
    		Nambu & Yoshida (1993) Sanko-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 53.
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Megaw, P.K.M., 1990b, Geology and geochemistry of the Santa Eulalia mining district, Chihuahua, Mexico.: Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Arizona, 549 p
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
    		Min Rec 34:5 p85
    • Michoacan
      • Mun. de Coalcomám
    Romania
     
    • Caras-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
        • Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Spain
     
    • Asturias
      • Salas
        • Carlés
    		- Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    		Meisser, N. & Perseil, E. A. (1993): Occurrence of woodruffite, (Zn,Mn+2)Mn3+4O7.1-2H2O, hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, and hydrohetaerolite, HZnMn2-xO4, of supergene origin in a skarn of Mount Chemin (Valais, Switzerland). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 73, 11-19.; Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 213.
    USA
     
    • California
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Santa Cruz
    		Mineralogical Record: 17:315
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Gibellini District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Frondel, C.: Am. Min.:38:761-769 (1953); Dunn(1995):Pt4:606.
    Frondel, C.: Am. Min.:38:761-769 (1953); Baum, J.L.: The Sterling Hill mud zone: The Picking Table:3(2):8-10; Dunn(1995):Pt4:606.
    Frondel, C.: Am.Min.:38:761-769 (1953); MinRec 19:274; Dunn(1995):Pt4:606.
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2011. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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