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Wroewolfeite

Big Photo

Esgair Hir & Esgair Fraith mines (Cambrian Mine; Cardigan Consolidated Mine; Welsh Potosi Mine; Kylon Potosi Mine), Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area, Talybont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire), Wales, UK
© Steve Rust

Show Wroewolfeite Photos (20)
Formula:
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Intense blue-green
Hardness:2½
Name:Named after Caleb Wroe Wolfe (b. 1908), Professor of Geology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dimorph of:Langite


Langite Group.

A rare copper sulphate hydrate that generally forms at low temperatures (Yoder et al., 2007). Compare also posnjakite.

Classification of Wroewolfeite

IMA status:Approved 1973
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/D.03-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.DD.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:31.4.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)4(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.2.10

25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
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Type Occurrence of Wroewolfeite

Type Locality:Manhan Mines (Loudville Mines; Loudeville Mine; Southampton Lead Mines), Easthampton, Hampshire Co., Massachusetts, USA
Year of Discovery:1975

Physical Properties of Wroewolfeite

Colour:Intense blue-green
Streak:Blue-green
Hardness (Mohs):2½

Crystallography of Wroewolfeite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 6.05Å, b = 5.65Å, c = 14.36Å
β = 93.47°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.071 : 1 : 2.542
Unit Cell Volume:V 489.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Wroewolfeite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.637 nβ = 1.682 nγ = 1.694
2V:Measured: 53° , Calculated: 52°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.057

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:weak

Chemical Properties of Wroewolfeite

Formula:
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, S

Relationship of Wroewolfeite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.DD.05Felsőbányaite
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
7.DD.05Hydrobasaluminite
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 12-36H
 
2
O
7.DD.05Zaherite
Al
 
12
[(OH)
 
26
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
] · 20H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Guarinoite
(Zn,Co,Ni)
 
6
[(OH,Cl)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Langite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Posnjakite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Schulenbergite
(Cu,Zn)
 
7
[(OH)
 
10
|(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Thérèsemagnanite
(Co,Zn,Ni)
 
6
(SO
 
4
)(OH,Cl)
 
10
·8H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Montetrisaite
Cu
 
6
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
10
·H
 
2
O
7.DD.15Spangolite
Cu
 
6
Al[(OH)
 
12
|Cl|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.20Ktenasite
(Cu,Zn)
 
5
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 6H
 
2
O
7.DD.25Christelite
Cu
 
2
Zn
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Campigliaite
Mn
2+
 
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Devilline
CaCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Lautenthalite
PbCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Orthoserpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Serpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Niedermayrite
CdCu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Carrboydite
(Ni,Cu)
 
14
Al
 
9
[(OH)
 
43
|(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
6
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Glaucocerinite
(Zn,Cu)
 
10
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
32
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 18H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Honessite
Ni
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Hydrohonessite
Ni
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Motukoreaite
NaMg
 
19
Al
 
12
(CO
 
3
)
 
6.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
54
·28H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Mountkeithite
(Mg,Ni)
 
11
(Fe
3+
 
,Cr
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
24
|(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3.5
] · 11H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Shigaite
Al
 
4
Mn
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
22
·8H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Wermlandite
Mg
 
7
(Ca,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
18
(H
 
2
O)
 
12
7.DD.35Woodwardite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2-4H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Zincaluminite
Zn
 
6
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
13
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Hydrowoodwardite
Cu
 
1-x
Al
 
x
[(OH)
 
2
|(SO
 
4
)
 
x/2
] · nH
 
2
O
7.DD.35Zincowoodwardite
Zn
 
1-x
Al
 
x
(SO
 
4
)
 
x/2
(OH)
 
2
·nH
 
2
O (?)
7.DD.35Natroglaucocerinite
[(Zn,Cu)
 
5
Al
 
3
(OH)
 
16
][(SO
 
4
)
 
1.5
Na
 
1.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
0.75
(H
 
2
O)
 
9
]
7.DD.35Nikischerite
[AlFe
 
2
(OH)
 
6
]
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Na(H
 
2
O)
 
6
·6H
 
2
O
7.DD.40Lawsonbauerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
9
Zn
 
4
[(OH)
 
11
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.DD.40Torreyite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
9
Zn
 
4
[(OH)
 
11
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.DD.45Mooreite
(Mg,Zn,Mn
2+
 
)
 
15
[(OH)
 
13
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.DD.50Namuwite
(Zn,Cu)
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.55Bechererite
(Zn,Cu)
 
6
Zn
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(SO
 
4
,HSiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.DD.60Ramsbeckite
(Cu,Zn)
 
15
[(OH)
 
22
|(SO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
7.DD.65Vonbezingite
Ca
 
6
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
12
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
7.DD.70Redgillite
Cu
 
6
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
7.DD.75Chalcoalumite
CuAl
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.75Nickelalumite
(Ni,Cu)Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|{SO
 
4
,(NO
 
3
)
 
2
}] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.75Kyrgyzstanite
ZnAl
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.2.1Chalcocyanite
CuSO
 
4
25.2.2Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
25.2.3Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
25.2.4Boothite
CuSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.2.5Dolerophanite
Cu
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
25.2.6Antlerite
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
4
|SO
 
4
]
25.2.7Brochantite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
]
25.2.8Posnjakite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
25.2.9Langite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.11Kröhnkite
Na
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
25.2.12Natrochalcite
NaCu
 
2
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.13Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
25.2.14Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
25.2.15Cyanochroite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
25.2.16Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
25.2.17Devilline
CaCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
25.2.18Leightonite
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
25.2.19Chalcoalumite
CuAl
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
25.2.20Cyanotrichite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.2.21Woodwardite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2-4H
 
2
O
25.2.22Campigliaite
Mn
2+
 
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.2.23Guildite
CuFe
3+
 
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.2.24Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
25.2.26Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
25.2.27Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.2.28Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2

Other Names for Wroewolfeite

Synonyms:
IMA1973-064
Other Languages:
German:Wroewolfeit
Russian:Роуволфит
Spanish:Wroewolfeita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Wroewolfeite

Reference List:Mineralogical Magazine (1975): 40: 1-5.

American Mineralogist (1976): 61: 179.

American Mineralogist (1985): 70: 1050-1055.

Yoder, C. H., Agee, T. M., Ginion, K. E., Hofmann, A. E., Ewanichak, J. E., Schaeffer, C. D., Jr., Carroll, M. J., Schaeffer, R. W. & McCaffrey, P. F. (2007): The relative stabilities of the copper hydroxyl sulphates. Mineralogical Magazine 71, 571-577.

Internet Links for Wroewolfeite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Wroewolfeite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Wroewolfeite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Wroewolfeite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel Mt.
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996,4 p.186-192]
    • Salzburg
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
              • Schwarzleo District
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg Mt.
    		Schnorrer, G. and Poeverlein, R. (2002) Schwaz-Brixlegg-Fundstellen: 2. Die Minerale des Stockerstollens bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss, 53, 209-228.
    Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994); Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2008): Schwaz-Brixlegger Fundstellen. 6. Die Minerale des Gratlspitz bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss 59, 7-28.
        • Sill valley (Wipp valley)
          • Vals valley
    		ExtraLapis no. 12 (1997): "Zillertal. Das Tal der Gründe und Kristalle", 100 pp.
        • Ziller valley
          • Zamser Grund (Zams valley)
            • Schrammacher Mt.
    		ExtraLapis no. 12 (1997): "Zillertal. Das Tal der Gründe und Kristalle", 100 pp.
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Bastogne
      • Bertrix
    		Dehove, J. (2006): Les minéraux de la Carrière de la Flèche, Bertrix, province du Luxembourg, Belgique. Magazine du 4M, 27(261), 7-11.
      • Stavelot Massif
    		No reference listed
    Canada
     
    • Nova Scotia
      • Halifax Co.
        • Musquodoboit Harbour
    		http://is2.dal.ca/~dommelen/Dunbrack.html.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Cernay
          • Steinbach
            • Silberthal
    		Mines, mineurs et minéralogie du Silberthal, Tomes 1 et 2
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Pradet
    		No reference listed
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
    		No reference listed
      • Rhône
        • Monsols
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
      • Savoie
        • Tarentaise valley
          • La Léchère
    		De Ascencao Guedes R. (2001), Le Penay: un filon de galène argentifère (La Léchère, Savoie), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 13-20
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Badenweiler
    		Lapis, 15 (12),13-20.
        • Baiersbronn
          • Schönegründ
    		No reference listed
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Todtnau
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Korbach
          • Thalitter (Itter)
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
          • Grane Reservoir
    		No reference listed
        • Lautenthal
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
          • Ramsbeck
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Vogtland
        • Oelsnitz
    		Gröbner, J. and Kolitsch, U. (2007): The minerals of the uranium prospect at Tirpersdorf, Vogtland. Lapis 32, 37-42; 58. (in German)
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
            • Kamareza Mines
    		No reference listed
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Mayo
    • Co. Wicklow
      • Glendasan
    		Moreton, S. & Green, D.I. (2007) “The mineralogy of the Wicklow lead mines”, Journal of the Mining Heritage Trust of Ireland, No. 7, p.19-32.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
            • Reppia
    		Redazione (2005): Sistematica ligure: resoconto 2005. Notiziario di Mineralogia Ferrania Club, 19, 3-5.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Corsaglia Valley
          • Roburent
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo " F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Fluminimaggiore
    		[MinRec 19:308-309]
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Piombino
    		Muenchener Micromounter - Lithothek
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Akita Prefecture
    		Yamada & Hirama (2000) Suisyou, 13, 21-25.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Drammen
        • Konnerud
    		Raade,G.(1995): "Secondary Zn and Cu minerals from contact deposits of the Oslo region, Norway".Bergverksmuseet Skrift nr 9, 18-26
    Nilsen, Øyvind Juul (1993): Konnerudområdets sekundærmineraler. STEIN 20 (1), 12-21
    Nilsen, Øyvind Juul (1993): Konnerudområdets sekundærmineraler. STEIN 20 (1), 12-21
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Nandraž
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Västmanland
      • Skinnskatteberg
        • Riddarhyttan
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Gunnislake Area
    		No reference listed
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Roughton Gill
    		[Cooper & Stanley, 1987 - "Minerals of the Caldbeck Fells", 132]
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1987 - "Minerals of the Caldbeck Fells", 132]
          • North Pennines
            • Alston Moor District
              • South Tynedale
                • Garrigill
    		[MinRec 13:168]
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Mary Tavy
    		[MinRec 13:168-169]
      • Shropshire
        • Hope-Shelve District
          • Shelve
    		[MinRec 13:167, 13:169-170]
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire) and Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
        • Leadhills-Wanlockhead District
          • Wanlockhead
    		BMS Database
    S.Rust collection
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		BMS Database
    UKJMM No5
        • Cwmrheidol
          • Ystumtuen
    		No reference listed
        • Trefeirig
          • Goginan
    		No reference listed
          • Pen-bont Rhydybeddau
    		BMS Database
    No reference listed
        • Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn
          • Pontrhydygroes
    		BMS Database, UKJMM 17
        • Ysbyty Ystwyth
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Nantlle Vale
    		[MinRec 13:167-168]
      • Gwynedd (Merionethshire)
        • Dolgellau Gold Belt
          • Bontddu
            • Vigra Mine
    		BMS Database
          • Llanfachreth
    		BMS Database
      • Powys (Montgomeryshire)
        • Machynlleth
          • Dylife
    		BMS Database
    USA
     
    • California
      • Plumas Co.
        • Last Chance District
          • Spring Creek area
    		Mineralogical Record (In press)
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Easthampton
    		[MinRec 6:297, 13:45-45]
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
        • Marquette Greenstone District
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Antelope District
    		NBMG Spec Pub 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Coos Co.
        • Gorham
    		A. Plante collection.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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