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Xonotlite

Big Photo

Spagnago, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
© Chinellato Matteo

Show Xonotlite Photos (31)
Formula:
Ca
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
17
(OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:White, grey, pale pink, ...
Hardness:6½
Name:Named after its discovery locality, Tetela de Xonotla, Mexico.


Xonotlite Group.

Several polytypes are known (Hejny & Armbruster, 2001): Ma2bc (space group P2/a, a = 17.032, b = 7.363, c = 7.012 Å, β = 90.36°), Ma2b2c (space group A2/a, a = 17.032, b = 7.363, c = 14.023, β = 90.36°), and M2a2bc (space group P-1 , a = 8.712, b = 7.363, c = 7.012 Å, α = 89.99° β = 90.36°, γ = 102.18°) .

Classification of Xonotlite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.21-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DG.35

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
Dana 8th edition ID:66.3.1.1

66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
3 : Amphiboles - Ca-Na subgroup
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.5.12

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca
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Type Occurrence of Xonotlite

Type Locality:Tetela de Xonotla, Puebla, Mexico
Year of Discovery:1866

Physical Properties of Xonotlite

Lustre:Vitreous, Silky, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:White, grey, pale pink, colorless
Hardness (Mohs):6½

Crystallography of Xonotlite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:a = 17.032Å, b = 7.363Å, c = 7.012Å
β = 90.36°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.313 : 1 : 0.952
Unit Cell Volume:V 879.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:Space group P2/a (Ma2bc polytype).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Xonotlite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.583 nβ = 1.585 nγ = 1.595
2V:Calculated: 50°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:small

Chemical Properties of Xonotlite

Formula:
Ca
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
17
(OH)
 
2
Essential elements:Ca, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Mn,H2O

Relationship of Xonotlite to other Species

Member of Group:
Xonotlite Group:
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DG.05Bustamite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)[SiO
 
3
]
9.DG.05Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
9.DG.05Pectolite
NaCa
 
2
[HSi
 
3
O
 
9
]
9.DG.05Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
[HSi
 
3
O
 
9
]
9.DG.05Wollastonite
Ca[SiO
 
3
]
9.DG.05Wollastonite-1A
CaSiO
 
3
9.DG.07Cascandite
Ca(Sc,Fe
3+
 
)[HSi
 
3
O
 
9
]
9.DG.08Plombièrite
Ca
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
·7H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Clinotobermorite
Ca
 
5
[Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH)
 
2
]2.4H
 
2
O - Ca
 
5
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]·5H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Riversideite
Ca
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Tobermorite
Ca
 
5
Si
 
6
(O,OH)
 
18
·5H
 
2
O
9.DG.15Foshagite
Ca
 
4
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
3
O
 
9
]
9.DG.20Jennite
Ca
 
9
H
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
18
(OH)
 
8
·6H
 
2
O
9.DG.25Paraumbite
K
 
3
Zr
 
2
H(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
·nH
 
2
O
9.DG.25Umbite
K
 
2
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
3
O
 
9
·H
 
2
O
9.DG.30Sørensenite
Na
 
4
SnBe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
4
9.DG.40Hillebrandite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
3
]
9.DG.45Zorite
Na
 
2
Ti(Si,Al)
 
3
O
 
9
·nH
 
2
O
9.DG.45Chivruaiite
Ca
 
3
Ti
 
5
[(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
|O(OH)
 
4
]·14H
 
2
O
9.DG.50Haineaultite
(Na,Ca)
 
5
Ca(Ti,Nb)
 
5
[(OH,F)
 
4
|Si
 
6
O
 
17
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.55Epididymite
Na
 
2
Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
·H
 
2
O
9.DG.60Eudidymite
Na
 
2
Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
·H
 
2
O
9.DG.65Elpidite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
6
O
 
15
·3H
 
2
O
9.DG.70Fenaksite
(K,Na)
 
4
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
9.DG.70Litidionite
CuNaKSi
 
4
O
 
10
9.DG.70Manaksite
KNaMnSi
 
4
O
 
10
9.DG.75Tinaksite
K
 
2
Na(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
9.DG.75Tokkoite
K
 
2
Ca
 
4
Si
 
7
O
 
17
(O,OH,F)
 
4
9.DG.75Senkevichite
CsKNaCa
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
9.DG.80Canasite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
(OH,F)
 
4
9.DG.80Fluorcanasite
K
 
3
Na
 
3
Ca
 
5
Si
 
12
O
 
30
F
 
4
·H
 
2
O
9.DG.85Miserite
K(Ca,Ce)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
13
(OH)
 
3
9.DG.90Frankamenite
K
 
3
Na
 
3
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)[F,(OH)]
 
4
·H
 
2
O
9.DG.92Charoite
(K,Na)
 
5
(Ca,Ba,Sr)
 
8
(Si
 
6
O
 
15
)
 
2
(Si
 
6
O
 
16
)(OH,F)·H
 
2
O
9.DG.95Yuksporite
(K,Ba)NaCa
 
2
(Si,Ti)
 
4
O
 
11
(F,OH)·H
 
2
O
9.DG.97Eveslogite
(Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)
 
48
 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
12
Si
 
48
O
 
144
(OH)
 
12
](F,OH,Cl)
 
14
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.5.1Wollastonite
Ca[SiO
 
3
]
14.5.2Wollastonite-7T
14.5.3Wollastonite-2M
CaSiO
 
3
14.5.4Rankinite
Ca
 
3
Si
 
2
O
 
7
14.5.5Kilchoanite
Ca
 
3
Si
 
2
O
 
7
14.5.6Larnite
Ca
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
14.5.7Bredigite
Ca
 
7
Mg[SiO
 
4
]
 
4
14.5.8Hatrurite
Ca
 
3
[O|SiO
 
4
]
14.5.9Rosenhahnite
HCa
 
3
[Si
 
3
O
 
9
(OH)]
14.5.10Dellaite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
14.5.11Afwillite
Ca
 
3
[HSiO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.5.13Foshagite
Ca
 
4
[(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
3
O
 
9
]
14.5.14Hillebrandite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
3
]
14.5.15Jaffeite
Ca
 
6
[(OH)
 
6
|Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
14.5.16Suolunite
Ca
 
2
[H
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · H
 
2
O
14.5.17Killalaite
Ca
 
3
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · 0.5H
 
2
O
14.5.18Okenite
CaSi
 
2
O
 
5
·2H
 
2
O
14.5.19Riversideite
Ca
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
14.5.20Trabzonite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
10
·2H
 
2
O
14.5.21Gyrolite
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
6
O
 
15
)(OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
14.5.22Foshallasite
Ca
 
3
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
] · 3H
 
2
O(?)
14.5.23Tobermorite
Ca
 
5
Si
 
6
(O,OH)
 
18
·5H
 
2
O
14.5.24Clinotobermorite
Ca
 
5
[Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH)
 
2
]2.4H
 
2
O - Ca
 
5
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]·5H
 
2
O
14.5.25Nekoite
Ca
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
15
·7H
 
2
O
14.5.26Plombièrite
Ca
 
5
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
2
·7H
 
2
O
14.5.27Jennite
Ca
 
9
H
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
18
(OH)
 
8
·6H
 
2
O

Other Names for Xonotlite

Synonyms:
Calcium-PectoliteEakleiteXenotliteXonaltiteXonolite
Other Languages:
German:Eakleit
Xenotlit
Xonaltit
Xonolit
Xonotlit
Russian:Ксонотлит
Spanish:Eakleita
Xenotlita
Xonaltita
Xonolita
Xonotlita
Varieties:
Mg-bearing Xonotlite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Xonotlite

Reference List:Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. (1866): 18: 33.

Larsen, E.S. (1923), The identity of eakleite and xonotlite, American Mineralogist: 8: 181-182.

Taylor, H.F.W. (1953), The identity of jurupaite and xonotlite: Mineralogical Magazine: 30: 338-341.

Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 104: 615-618 (in Russian).

Journal of the Mineral Society of Japan (1972): 10: 358.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1981): 154: 271.

Hejny, C. and Armbruster, T. (2001): Polytypism in xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Z. Kristallogr. 216, 396-408.

Bernstein, S., Fehr, K. T. & Hochleitner, R. (2009): Crystal chemistry of Xonotlite Ca6Si6O17(OH)2. Part I: Determination of polytypes using X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 186, 153-162.

Internet Links for Xonotlite

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  • Look for Xonotlite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Xonotlite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Xonotlite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Xonotlite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
        • Weld river
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Victoria
    		Aust.Jour. Earth Sci. 46:251 (1999)
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
        • Bay of Islands
          • Cox´s Cove
    • Québec
      • Gatineau Co.
        • Wakefield Township
    		Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 41
      • Richmond Co.
        • Shipton Township
          • Asbestos
    		[MinRec 1979]
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Havlíčkův Brod
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Germany
     
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Nieder-Ramstadt
          • Nieder-Beerbach
    Greenland
     
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		MinRec 16:485-494
    Iceland
     
    • Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands)
      • Surtsey Island
    		Jacobsson et al (1992) Encrustations from Lava Caves in Surtsey, Iceland. A Preliminary Report: Surtsey Research Progress Report X: 73-78 Reykjevik, Iceland.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Sligo
      • Killala Bay
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 506.
    Israel
     
    • Negev desert
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
          • Lanterna Valley
            • Lanzada
    		Bedogné, F. (2006): Xonotlite della Val Lanterna, Valmalenco (SO). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30, 254-255.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Fiemme Valley
          • Predazzo
    		Demartin, F., Campostrini, I., Grisotto, M., & Grisotto, L. (2006). I Canzoccoli. Una località classica presso Predazzo, Val di Fiemme, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 166-177.
    • Tuscany
      • Pisa Province
        • Castelnuovo Val di Cecina
    		Bonaccorsi E., Merlino S., Orlandi P.(1996): Breve nota sulla xonotlite di Monte Castelli. Atti Soc. tosc. Sci. nat., Mem., Serie A, 103.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Laghi
    		Zordan, A., Boscardin, M., & Zorzi, F. (2008). Foshagite di Contrada Molini, Laghi (Vicenza). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2008, 178-180.
    Lapis, 15 (12), 27-32+50.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Itoigawa
            • Ohmi
    		Alluvial cobbles in innumerable collections; common.
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Amagi-Yugashima
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi
            • Bitchu-cho (Bicchu-cho)
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 14 (1989) , No. 7 pp 299-302
    Matsueda, H. (1983) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #3, 259-292.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
    		Matsuyama, F. (2001)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
        • Kochi City
          • Rendai
        • Konan City
    		Handbook of Mineralogy, (c) 2001.
    Mexico
     
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Pachuca
        • Pachuca de Soto (Pachuca)
    		Panczner(1987):399.
    • Puebla
      • Mun. de Tetela de Ocampo
        • Tetela de Ocampo (Tetela; Tetella de Ocampo)
    		Panczner(1987):399.
    Panczner(1987):399.
    Pancnzer(1987):399.
    Panczner (1987): 399.
      • Mun. de Tetela del Oro
        • Tetela del Oro
    		Panczner(1987):399.
    Dana 6:569; Panczner(1987):399.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Waikato
        • Piopio
    		O'Brien, J. P., & Rodgers, K. A. (1973). Xonotlite and rodingites from Wairere, New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 233-240.
    • South Island
      • Southland
    		Judy Rowe collection
    Puerto Rico
     
    AmMin 38:860
    Romania
     
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Hunedoara
    		Marincea, Ş., Bilal, E., Verkaeren, J., Pascal, M.-L., and Fonteilles, M. (2001) Superposed paragenesis in spurrite-, tilleyite- and gehlenite-bearing skarns from Cornet Hill, Apuseni Mountains, Romania. Canadian Mineralogist: 39: 1435-1453.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
        • Taimyr Peninsula
          • Putoran Plateau
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Verkhnechegemskaya (Upper Chegem) volcanic structure
    		A. E. Zadov data
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		No reference listed
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Pajsberg
    		Kjell Gatedal + Mofjell, E. (1990): Mineralnytt från Sverige. STEIN 17(4),38
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • Buchan Grampian (Aberdeenshire)
        • Huntly
          • The Bin (Bin of Huntly)
    		BMS Collection
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Glen Urquhart
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
        • Isle of Mull
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    Dana 6:569
    Dana 6:569
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Christmas area
              • Christmas
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 358, 428; Cesbron, F.P. & S.A. Williams (1980), Apachite and gilalite, two new copper silicates from Christmas, AZ, Min.Mag.: 43: 639-641.
    • California
      • Colusa Co.
      • Mendocino Co.
        • Cloverdale
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 390; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 409, 410.
      • Monterey Co.
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 390.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		Eakle, A.S. (1921) Jurupaite, a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 6: 107-109; Woodford, A.O., Crippen, R.A., and Garner, K.B. (1941) Section Across Commercial Quarry, Crestmorre, California. American Mineralogist: 26: 352-381.
      • San Francisco Co.
    		www.missourigeologists.org/Min-Loc1-2005.pdf.
          • Fort Point
    		Eakle, Arthur Starr (1901), Mineralogical notes; with chemical analyses by W.T. Schaller: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 2: 316; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 222, 390; Schlocker, J. (1974) Geology of the San Francisco North quadrangle. USGS Professional Paper 782, 109 pp.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 201-202, 409.
      • Santa Barbara Co.
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 409.
    • Maryland
      • Montgomery Co.
        • Rockville
    		[MinRec 30:467]
    • Michigan
      • Keweenaw Co.
        • Lake Superior
    		AmMin 7:23
    • Missouri
      • St. Genevieve Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache(1935):114; Dunn(1995):Pt3:450.
    • North Carolina
      • Durham Co.
        • Durham
    		Kenny Gay message 15.09.2005
    • Texas
      • Culberson Co.
        • Apache Peak area
    		Rocks & Minerals: 66(3): 196-224.; Am Min 51:1766-1774
    • Vermont
      • Orleans & Lamoille Cos.
        • Lowell & Eden
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Virginia
      • Loudoun Co.
    		AmMin 10:12
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Skagit Co.
        • Cypress Island
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74
          • Triangulation Point
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.74
      • Whatcom Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.85
    Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
    Minerals of Washington, B. Cannon, 1975
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