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Baddeleyite

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Phalaborwa, Limpopo Province, South Africa
© Rob Lavinsky

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Formula:
ZrO
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless to yellow, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, GreasyHardness:6½
Name:For Joseph Baddeley, who first called attention to the Sri Lankan material.
This page provides mineralogical data about Baddeleyite.

Classification of Baddeleyite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.31-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DE.35

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
E : With medium-sized cations; with various polyhedra
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.14.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.10.1

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
10 : Oxides of Zr and Th
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-480.html
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Type Occurrence of Baddeleyite

Type Locality:Kollonnagam, Rakwana, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka
Place of Conservation of Type Material:The Natural History Museum, London, England.
Year of Discovery:1892

Occurrences of Baddeleyite

Geological Setting:An accessory mineral in carbonatites and kimberlites; in syenites, diabases, gabbros, anorthosites; detrital in gem gravels; also in lunar basalt, tektites and meteorites.

Physical Properties of Baddeleyite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colourless to yellow, green, greenish or reddish brown, brown, iron-black; colourless to brown in transmitted light
Streak:White to brownish white
Hardness (Mohs):6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Very Good
nearly perfect on {001}, less perfect on {010} and {110}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):5.4 - 6.02 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.83 g/cm3

Crystallography of Baddeleyite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.1505Å, b = 5.2116Å, c = 5.3173Å
β = 99.23°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.988 : 1 : 1.02
Unit Cell Volume:V 140.88 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals commonly tabular on {100} and somewhat elongated on [010], or short to long prismatic along [001], to 6 cm; rarely equant; prism faces striated parallel to [001]; also botryoidal masses with radially fibrous structure and concentric banding.
Twinning:Ubiquitous; on {100} and {110}, both may be polysynthetic; rare on {201}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.15 (10)
2.835 (9)
2.62 (5)
1.817 (5)
3.66 (4)
3.51 (4)
1.847 (4)
Comments:Recorded on material from Palabora Mine, South Africa

Optical Data of Baddeleyite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 2.130 nβ = 2.190 nγ = 2.200
2V:Measured: 30° to 31°, Calculated: 28°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.070

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v, rather strong
Comments:X = yellow, reddish brown, oil-green; Y = oil-green, reddish brown; Z = brown, light brown; Orientation: X vs. c = 13°, Y = b

Chemical Properties of Baddeleyite

Formula:
ZrO
 
2
Essential elements:O, Zr
All elements listed in formula:O, Zr
CAS Registry number:1314-23-4

CAS Registry numbers are published by the American Chemical Society
Analytical Data:Analysis of material from Balangoda, Sri Lanka
SiO2 (0.19)
ZrO2 (98.90)
Fe2O3 (0.83)
CaO (0.06)
LOI (0.28) (loss on ignition)

sum 100.25 wt.-%
Common Impurities:Ca,Fe,Hf,Si,Ti

Relationship of Baddeleyite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DE.05Downeyite
SeO
 
2
4.DE.10Koragoite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
(Nb,Mn)
 
2
(W,Ta)
 
2
O
 
20
4.DE.15Koechlinite
Bi
 
2
MoO
 
6
4.DE.15Russellite
Bi
 
2
WO
 
6
4.DE.15Tungstibite
Sb
3+
2
WO
 
6
4.DE.20Tellurite
TeO
 
2
4.DE.25Paratellurite
TeO
 
2
4.DE.30Bismutotantalite
Bi(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
4.DE.30Bismutocolumbite
Bi(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
4.DE.30Cervantite
Sb
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DE.30Stibiotantalite
Sb(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
4.DE.30Stibiocolumbite
Sb(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
4.DE.30Clinocervantite
Sb
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.10.2Arkelite
ZrO
 
2
7.10.3Painite
CaZrAl
 
9
(BO
 
3
)O
 
15
7.10.4Srilankite
Ti
 
2
ZrO
 
6
7.10.5Zirconolite
CaZrTi
 
2
O
 
7
7.10.6Calzirtite
CaZr
 
3
TiO
 
9
7.10.7Tazheranite
(Zr,Ti,Ca)O
 
2-x
7.10.8Zirkelite
(Ti,Ca,Zr)O
 
2-x
7.10.9Uhligite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Al,Zr)
 
9
O
 
20
 ?
7.10.10Thorianite
ThO
 
2

Other Names for Baddeleyite

Synonyms:
Baddeleyite (of Fletcher)Brazilite (of Hussak)Reitingerite
Other Languages:
German:Baddeleyit
Buddleyit
Reitingerit
Russian:Бадделеит
Spanish:Baddeleyita
Reitingerita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Shows a blue-green cathodoluminescence
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
External LinksSearch for toxicity information at the United States National Library of Medicine

References for Baddeleyite

Reference List:

- +
Fletcher (1892), Nature: 46: 620.

Hussak (1892), Jb. Min.: 2: 141.

Fletcher (1893), Mineralogical Magazine: 10: 148.

Hussak (1895), Min. Mitt.: 14: 395.

Zambonini (1912), Acc. Napoli, Att.: 15: 1.

Yardley (1920), Mineralogical Magazine: 21: 169.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 608-610.

Heimstra, S. A. (1955): Baddeleyite from Phalaborwa, Eastern Transvaal. American Mineralogist 40, 275-282.

Keil, K. and Fricker, P. E. (1974): Baddeleyite (ZrO2) in gabbroic rocks from Axel Heiberg island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. American Mineralogist 59, 249-253.

Scatena-Wachel, D. E. and Jones, A. P. (1984): Primary baddeleyite (ZrO2) in kimberlite from Benfontein, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 48, 257-261.

Howard, C. J., Hill, R. J. and Reichert, B. E. (1988): Structures of the ZrO2 polymorphs at room temperature by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. Acta Crystallographica 44, 116-120.

Heaman, L. M. and LeCheminant, A. N. (1993): Paragenesis and U-Pb systematics of baddeleyite (ZrO2). Chemical Geology. 110, 95-126.

Bayanova, T. B., Kirnarsky, Yu. M. and Levkovich, N. V. (1997): U-Pb isotope dating of baddeleyite from rocks of the Kovdor massif. Doklady Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk 356: 509-511 (in Russian).

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33.

Internet Links for Baddeleyite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project[Link Broken?]
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  • Baddeleyite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)[Link Broken?]
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    • Localities for Baddeleyite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    Angola
     
    • Cuanza Sul Province (Kwanza Sul Province)
      • Sumbe City Council
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33; 33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPI-07 Alkaline and carbonatite magmatism and related ore deposits: Extrusive calcite carbonatite from Catanda, Angola: Magmatic and hydrothermal history from studies of pyrochlore
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
    		ZAPPETTINI, Eduardo O and SANTOS, Joao O. Finding of baddeleyite in Jujuy: Mineralogical data and U/Pb SHRIMP age. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. [online]. 2009, vol.64, n.3, pp. 540-543.
    Armenia
     
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
      • Sierra Leone fracture zone
        • Markov Deep
    		Sharkov, E.V., Abramov, S.S., Simonov, V.A., Krinov, D.I., Skolotnev, S.G., Bel’tenev, V.E., and Bortnikov, N.S. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(6), 467-486.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
      • Goldfields-Esperance region
        • Kalgoorlie-Boulder City
          • Kalgoorlie
    		Rasmussen, B. et al. (2009): Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 157, 559-572.
      • Wiluna Shire
        • Mount Keith
    		Grguric, B.A. (2003) Minerals of the MKD5 nickel deposit, Mount Keith, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 9, No. 2 , pg. 55-71.
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Weiz
        • Stubenberg am See
    		Tropper, P. et al. (2001, 2003, 2005, 2007)
    Mineralogical Magazine, 49, 523-529
    Brazil
     
    • Goiás
      • Arenópolis
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Minas Gerais
      • Patrocínio
        • São João da Serra Negra
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
        • Caldas
    		Waber (1991)
        • Poços de Caldas
          • Caldas
    		Christopher O'Neill collection
    Wedow (1967)
    • São Paulo
      • Águas da Prata
    		Franco, R. R. & Loewenstein, W. (1948): Zirconium from the region of Poços de Caldas. Am. Mineral. 33, 142-151. [http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM33/AM33_142.pdf]
      • Cajati
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
      • Ilhabela
        • São Sebastião island
    		33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session AMS-04 South American alkaline igneous complexes: Zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb dating (TIMS) of mesozoic alkaline rocks from the São Sebastião Island, southeastern Brazil
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session AMS-04 South American alkaline igneous complexes: Zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb dating (TIMS) of mesozoic alkaline rocks from the São Sebastião Island, southeastern Brazil
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Mandalay Division
      • Sagaing District
        • Mogok
          • Kyauk-Pyat-Thet
    		RRUF data
          • Thurein Taung
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, material of Sieghard Ellenberger
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		No reference listed
      • Omenica Mining Division
        • Williston Lake
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    • Nunavut Territory
    		AmMin 59:249-253
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		McLaughlin (1990)
    Mariano, A. N., Roeder, P. L., 1989. Wöhlerite: chemical composition, cathodoluminescence and environment of crystallization. Canadian Mineralogist, 27: 709-720.
    • Québec
      • Montréal
    		Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 5-60.
      • Nord-du-Québec
        • Baie-James
    		Mitchell, R.H. and Letendre, J.P.L. (2003) Mineralogy and petrology of kimberlite from Wemindji, Québec. Eighth International Kimberlite Conference, Program Abstract: 120.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Anqing Prefecture
        • Qianshan Co.
    		Xu, S. et al. (2008): Moissanite in serpentinite from the Dabie Mountains in China. Mineral. Mag. 72, 899-908.
    • Fujian Province
      • Sanming Prefecture
        • Mingxi Co.
          • Gaiyang
    		Qiu Zhili, Wu Fuyuan, Yu Qingyuan, Xie Liewen, and Yang Shufeng (2005): Chinese Science Bulletin 50(22), 2602-2611.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
      • Ústí Region
        • Šluknov (Schluckenau)
    		Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    Vavřín, I., Frýda, J.: Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralizace na ložiskách měďnato-niklových rud z Kunratic a Rožan na Šluknovsku. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 1998, 73, 2, p. 177-180.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Ruda nad Moravou
    		Novák M. Gadas P. (2010) ZONED, ANORTHITE- AND GROSSULARITE-BEARING, LEUCOTONALITIC PEGMATITE FROM SERPENTINIZED LHERZOLITE AT RUDA NAD MORAVOU, STARÉ MĚSTO UNIT, CZECH REPUBLIC. Can Miner 48 (3): 629-650.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Třebíč
    		Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf]
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Kivu
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33; Mineral. Deposita (Berl.) 6, 153-155 (1971)
    Finland
     
    • Itä-Suomen Lääni
    		No reference listed
    • Lapin (Lapland) Lääni
      • Penikat complex
        • Sompujärvi Reef
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1663-1686.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    Gabon
     
    • Moyen-Ogooué Province
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer Geowiss. Mitt, 7, 151-154, 1978
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 7, 151-154 , 1978
    Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 7, 151-154, 1978] [Minealien Welt 1/93:14]
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 7, 151-154, 1978
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
            • Bellerberg volcano
    		[Hentschel, G., Einige Funde ungewöhnlicher Minerale aus quartären Vulkanvorkommen der Eifel, Mainzer geowiss. Mitt. 7, 151-154 , 1978] [Lapis, 15 (5), 9-36]
      • Wolfstein
        • Kreimbach-Kaulbach
    		Müller, G. (1989): Baddeleyit von Kreimbach - MGAS-INFO Nr.7; Saarbrücken, April 1989.; Bungert, R. & Frey, W.-G. (2010): Der Steinbruch Kreimbach in der Pfalz. Lapis 35 (3), 13-23; 54. ["tiny bronze needles"]
    Greenland
     
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		Mineralogical Magazine, August 2004, Vol. 68(4), pp. 615–632
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Bükk Mts.
        • Szarvaskő
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    India
     
    • Bihar
      • Gaya District
    Iraq
     
    • Qala-Diz (Qala-Dizeh; Qala-Diza)
      • Hero
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Caserta Province
        • Roccamonfina Volcanic Complex
          • Sessa Aurunca
    		-Della Ventura, G., Williams, T.C., Raudsepp, M., Bellatreccia, F., Caprilli, E., Giordano, G. (2001): Perrierite-(Ce) and zirconolite from a syenitic ejectum ofthe Roccamonfina volcano (Latium, Italy): implications for the mobility of Zr, Ti and Ree in volcanic environments, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 2001, 385-402.
      • Naples Province
    		Pascal, M.-L., Di Muro, A., Boudouma, O., Fointeilles, M., Principe, C. (2008): Zirconlite, calzirtite, baddeleyite, betafite, geikielite and qandilite in skarn ejecta from Vesuvius - inferences for the magma-wallrock interactions. EGU General Assembly 2008. Geophysical Research Abstract, 10, EGU2008-A-06674, 2008. ; Pascal, M.-L., Di Muro, A., Boudouma, O., Fointeilles, M., Principe, C. (2008): Zirconolite, calzirtite, baddeleyite, betafite, geikielite and qandilite in skarn ejecta from Vesuvius - inferences for the magma-wallrock interactions. EGU General Assembly 2008. Geophysical Research Abstract, 10, EGU2008-A-06674, 2008.
    [Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Collection from Elmar Lackner; Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
    • Latium
      • Latina Province
        • Ponza Island
    		H.E. Belkin, B. De Vivo, A. Lima : "Magmatic (silicte/saline/sulfur-rich/CO2) immiscibility and zirconium and rare-earth element enrichment from alkaline magam chamber margins : evidence from Ponza Island, Pontine Archipelago, Italy", Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, 1401-1420.
      • Rome Province
    		Caponera, I., Fiori, S., Pucci, R., & Signoretti, E. (2007). I minerali dei Colli Albani. Un aggiornamento sugli ultimi dieci anni di ricerche. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 74-91.
          • Albano Laziale
    		Gianfagna, A., Merlino, S., Perchiazzi, N. (1988). Guarinite, a new finding in the sanidinite ejecta of the IV Hydromagmatic Unit from Albano lake crater, Latium, Italy. Periodico di Mineralogia, 57: 81-84.
          • Marino
    		Gianfagna A. (1985) - Occurrence of baddeleyite - ZrO2 - in an ejected block from Colle Cimino, Marino (Alban Hills, Italy). Periodico di Mineralogia, Roma, pp. 129-133
        • Bracciano Lake
    		Luigi Mattei collection
    Gottardi, G. (1952). La sabbia di Nettuno (Roma). Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana, 8, 56-57.
        • Sacrofano Caldera
          • Campagnano di Roma
          • Sacrofano
        • Trevignano Romano
    		A. Borrelli collection
      • Viterbo Province
    		Carloni, L., Signoretti, E., (2002): Le sanadiniti di Bassano Romano. Distretto Vulcanico Sabatino. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 28-36
        • Onano
    		Cresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella, D. (2002): Geositi e sistema delle arre protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2002, 48-55
        • Valentano
    		Burli, M., Caponera, I., Signoretti, E. (2007): Le "sanidiniti" di Monte Saliette (Valentano, VT). Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 13-18
        • Vico Lake
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 86, pages 1066–1075, 2001
          • Vetralla
    		Pierini, G. (2004): Homilite in un proietto vulcanico a Tre Croci di Vetralla (VT). Micro (notizie mineralogiche), 2004, 5-12; American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 1170–-1177, 2006
    Carlini, R., Signoretti, E., 2003. Località minori del vulcano Vicano: Villa S.Giovanni in Tuscia e Mazzocchio. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2: 33-41
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
    		Can. Miner. 35, 899-908 (1997)
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Viù Valley
              • Viù
    		Airaudi, D., Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2009). Baddelleyite in cristalli dalla rodingite del Malpass, Val di Viù, Piemonte. Micro (UK report), 2/2009, 100-111
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Different Municipalities
    		http://www.unileoben.ac.at/~chemie/zaccarini%20et%20al%20finero%20Platinumsymposium%202005.pdf
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
          • Quarona
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Pitigliano
    		Liotti L., 1991. I minerali dei vulcani laziali a Pitigliano (Grosseto). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 15: 121-139.
    Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
     
    • Worodougou region
      • Séguéla department
        • Toubabouko
    		Pouclet A. et al. (2004) C.R.Geoscience 336, 9-17
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi City
            • Bitchu-cho (Bicchu-cho)
    		Mineralogical Record: 27: 303-304.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Miyako City
            • Neichi mine
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Akmola Province (Aqmola Oblysy; Akmolinskaya Oblast')
      • Prirechnoye
        • Lake Kumdikol (Lake Kumdykol'; Ozero Kumdykol')
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    Madagascar
     
    • Antsiranana Province
      • Diana (Northern) Region
        • Ambanja District
          • Ampasindava Peninsula
            • Befitina
    		Hatzl, T. (2010): Mineralogische und geochemische Untersuchungen an der Probe TANT2-477067 aus Madagaskar unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Seltenerdelemente, Zirkon, Hafnium, Yttrium, Niob, Tantal, Thorium und Uran.- Report for Tantalus Rare Earths AG, 56 pages.
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Amboasary District
          • Maromby Commune
    		www.gemresearch.ch/andranon/madcon.htm.
    Morocco
     
    www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html
    Norway
     
    • Rogaland
      • Sokndal
        • Sandbekk
    		Krause, H. & Pape, H. (1975): Mikroskopische Untersuchungen der Mineralvergesellschaftung in Erz und Nebengestein der Ilmenitlagerstätte Storgangen (Süd-Norwegen). Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 55: 387-422
    Gierth, E. & Krause, H. (1974): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No 57. Baddelyit von Tellnes. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 54: 193-197
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langangen
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
      • Skien
    		Jamtveit B., Dahlgren S. and Austrheim H. (1997): High-grade contact metamorphism of calcareous rocks from the Oslo Rift, Southern Norway. American Mineralogist. 82 : 1241 - 1254
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
    		Widenfalk, L. & Gorbatschev, R. (1971): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway , No. 43. A note on a New Occurence of Baddeleyite in Larvikite from Larvik, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 51, 193-194
        • Tjølling
          • Stålaker
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
      • Sandefjord
        • Vesterøya
    		Engvoldsen, T.,Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar (Al Janubiyah) Province
    Meteoritical Bulletin No. 86
    The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 JULY, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, Axxx–Axxx (2004)
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
    		Pál-Molnár (2000)
    • Maramures Co.
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Bodaibo
            • Lena Gold District
              • Kropotkinsky ore cluster
    		http://www.igem.ru/igem/chem/pt/sukhloge.htm
          • Lake Baikal area
    		Konev A.A., Samoilov V.S. (1974) Contact metamorphism and metasomatoz in aureole of Tazheran alkaline intrusion, - Novosibirsk, Nauka, p. 246. ; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Northern Karelia
          • Oulanka plutonic complex
            • Olanga (Oulanka) River
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Afrikanda
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33
    Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    Mikhailova, Y.A., Konopleva, N.G., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Pakhomovsky, Y.A. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 590-598.
          • Kovdor Massif
    		No reference listed
          • Turii Cape
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/tury.htm
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/vuori.htm
    • Western-Siberian Region
    		[Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
    		www.bgr.de/b423/oberthuer_ptconf_pgm_bushveld.pdf.
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    		No reference listed
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kimberley
    		MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, JUNE 1984, VOL. 48, PP. 257-61
    Sri Lanka
     
    • Sabaragamuwa Province
      • Ratnapura District
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 33
        • Rakwana
    		Am Min 40 (1955), 275
    Sweden
     
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Långban district
    		Kjell Gatedal
        • Persberg district
          • Gåsgruvan ore field
    		Zakrezewski, M.a., Lustenhouwer, W.H., Nugteren, H.J. & Williams, C.T. (1992). Rare earth minerals yttrian zirconolite and allanite-(Ce) and associated minerals from Koberg Mine, Bergslagen, Sweden. Mineralogical Magazine. 56: 27-35.
    The Moon
     
    • Fra Mauro Highlands
      • Fra Mauro Base (Apollo 14 landing site)
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003) and XXXV (2004)
    Uganda
     
    • Tororo District
    		Econ Geol (1984) 79:716-724
    UK
     
    Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Rum
          • Rum Central Complex
    		Power, M.R., Pirrie, D., Andersen, J.C.O., and Butcher, A.R. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 762-775.
    Ukraine
     
    • Cherkasy Oblast'
      • Zvenyhorodka
    		Gornostayev, S.S., Laajoki, K.V.O., and Popovchenko, S.E. (2002): The chromitites of the Kapitanov deposit, Ukrainian Shield. Presented at the 47th Annual GAC-MAC meeting, Saskatoon, Canada.
    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
      • Azov Sea Region
    • Zaporozh'e Oblast'
      • Priazovie
    		Ryabchikov, I.D., Kogarko, L.N., Krivdik, S.G., and Ntaflos, T. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(6), 423-432.
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (2001) 76:257
    • California
      • San Benito Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • New Idria District
            • San Benito River headwaters area
              • Dallas Gem Mine area
                • Santa Rita Peak
    		www.mineralsocal.org
                • South of the Dallas Gem Mine
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 176.
    • Colorado
      • Teller Co.
        • Cripple Creek District
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Georgia
      • Washington Co.
    		Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Volume 59, Issue 19, October 1995, Pages 4071-4082
    • Minnesota
      • St. Louis Co.
        • Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area
    		Econ Geol (1993) 88:679-696
    • Montana
      • Gallatin Co.
        • Gallatin Gateway
    		Dana 6:A3:10; AmJourSci:33(1912):54.
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Wakefield
    		XRD Czech Geol Survey Pequa Mineral Co specimen
    • Wisconsin
      • Kenosha Co.
        • Kenosha
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
    Mineral and/or Locality
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