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Baryte

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Dahegou Mine (Lushi Mine), Lushi Co., Sanmenxia Prefecture, Henan Province, China
© 2001 John H. Betts

Show Baryte Photos (1769)
Formula:
BaSO
 
4
System:OrthorhombicColour:Colourless, white, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, PearlyHardness:3 - 3½
Name:Named from the Greek βάρος, weight, for Barite; and βάρυς, heavy, for Barytes, due to its unusual heaviness for a non-metallic mineral.


Baryte Group. Baryte-Celestine Series. The barium analogue of Celestine.

Typically found as thick to thin tabular crystals, usually in clusters with the crystals growing parallel to one another, or nearly so. Also as bladed, white masses.

Classification of Baryte

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/A.09-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.AD.35

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:28.3.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:28.3.1.1

28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
3 : AXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.4.17

25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
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Occurrences of Baryte

Geological Setting:Commonly found as a gangue mineral in metallic ore deposits of epithermal or mesothermal origin; but it may also be found as lenses or replacement deposits in sedimentary rocks, both of hypogene and supergene origin.

Physical Properties of Baryte

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):3 - 3½
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}; less so on {210}; Imperfect on {010}.
Parting:None
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.5 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.47 g/cm3

Crystallography of Baryte

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pnma (P21/n 21/m 21/a)
Cell Parameters:a = 8.884(2) Å, b = 5.457(3) Å, c = 7.157(2) Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.628 : 1 : 1.312
Unit Cell Volume:V 346.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Usually thin to thick tabular {001}, bounded by {210} alone or in combination with {101}, {011} or other forms. Also flattened {001}, and elongated to prismatic [010] or [100]. More rarely prismatic [001], or equant. Often as aggregates or clusters of tabular crystals with edges projecting into crest-like forms, or as rosettes. Also found as massive material, compact, laminated or concretionary; and in fibrous, stalactic, and earthy masses.

Crystal Atlas:
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Click on an icon to view
Barite no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.28 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.35 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.62 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.325 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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Epitaxial Relationships of Baryte

Epitaxial Minerals:
WitheriteCelestineCalciteBarytocalciteAnglesite
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.90(50)
3.45(100)
3.32(70)
3.10(100)
2.84(50)
2.73(50)
2.12(80)

Optical Data of Baryte

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.634 - 1.637 nβ = 1.636 - 1.638 nγ = 1.646 - 1.648
2V:Measured: 36° to 40°, Calculated: 36° to 42°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak r > v
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:Color X Y Z

Brown: Straw-yellow Wine-yellow Violet
Yellow: Lt. yel.-brn. Yellow-brn Brown
Green: Nr colourless Lt. grn. Amethyst
Blue-grn: Blue-violet Bluish grn Violet

Chemical Properties of Baryte

Formula:
BaSO
 
4
Essential elements:Ba, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Ba, O, S
Common Impurities:Sr,Ca,Pb

Relationship of Baryte to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Celestine (see here)
Related to:
  • Baryte Group
    • Common Associates:
    SideriteQuartzPyriteManganiteGalena
    FluoriteDolomiteCalcite
    Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    7.AD.05Arcanite
    K
     
    2
    		SO
     
    4
    7.AD.05Mascagnite
    (NH
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		SO
     
    4
    7.AD.10Mercallite
    KHSO
     
    4
    7.AD.15Misenite
    K
     
    8
    		H
     
    6
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    7
    7.AD.20Letovicite
    (NH
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		H(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    7.AD.25Glauberite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    7.AD.30Anhydrite
    CaSO
     
    4
    7.AD.35Anglesite
    PbSO
     
    4
    7.AD.35Celestine
    SrSO
     
    4
    7.AD.35Olsacherite
    Pb
     
    2
    		SO
     
    4
    		SeO
     
    4
    7.AD.35Kerstenite
    7.AD.40Kalistrontite
    K
     
    2
    		Sr(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    7.AD.40Palmierite
    (K,Na)
     
    2
    		Pb(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    25.4.1Anhydrite
    CaSO
     
    4
    25.4.2Bassanite
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.3Gypsum
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.4Glauberite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    25.4.5Cesanite
    Na
     
    3
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[OH|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    25.4.6Eugsterite
    Na
     
    4
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.7Hydroglauberite
    Na
     
    10
    		Ca
     
    3
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    8
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.8Syngenite
    K
     
    2
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.9Görgeyite
    K
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    5
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.10Polyhalite
    K
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.11Koktaite
    (NH
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.12Ye'elimite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Al
     
    6
    		[O
     
    12
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    25.4.13Ettringite
    Ca
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.14Bentorite
    Ca
     
    6
    		(Cr
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
    25.4.15Celestine
    SrSO
     
    4
    25.4.16Kalistrontite
    K
     
    2
    		Sr(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):
    28.3.1.3Anglesite
    PbSO
     
    4

    Other Names for Baryte

    Synonyms:
    AstapiaAstrapiaBariteBarititeBaroite
    BaroseleniteBaroteBarytesBarytineBarytite
    Bologna stoneBolognian SparBononian stoneBoulaniteBoulonite
    CalkCalstronbariteCaukCawkDreelite
    DréeliteFetid Heavy SparHeavy SparTiffVolnye
    Yellow Spar
    French names:
    Baryte sulfatéeMichel-lévyteSpath pesant ou séléniteux
    German names:
    AchrensteinAehrensteinBaritBarititBaroit
    BaroselenitBarytBoulanitBoulonitDreeit
    Schwefelsaures BarytSchwerspathStangenspathStrahlbaryt
    Italian names:
    BaritinaPietra di BolognaPietra fosforica di BolognaSpato pesato
    Japanese names:
    重晶石
    Latin names:
    Gypsum irregulareGypsum ponderosumLamellosumLapis BononiensisLapis hepaticus
    LitheophosphorusLitheosphorusMarmor metallicumSpathum ponderosumSpatum Bononiense
    Spatum tessulareTerra calcarea phlogisto et acido vitrioli mixta
    Russian names:
    Барит
    Spanish names:
    BaritaBarititaBaroitaBaroselenitaBoulanita
    Boulonita
    Swedish names:
    Bononiensisk stenLeswerstenLysestenTungspat
    Varieties:
    Angleso-bariteBaryte RoseCa- and Sr-rich BaryteCalcareobariteCelestobarite (of Dana)
    HokutoliteMeißelspatOakstoneSchohariteStrontian Barite

    Other Information

    Fluorescence in UV light:Shades of yellow, occasionally orange or pink (LW UV). Shades of yellow, white (FRanklin & Sterling Hill, NJ). May phosphoresce strongly greenish-white.
    Magnetism:Diamagnetic
    Thermal Behaviour:Inverts to another (monoclinic ?) polymorph when heated to 1149°C. Melting Point = 1580°C.

    Thermoluminescent at times.
    Other Information:Insoluble in acids. Slightly soluble in water, more so in solutions of salts or acids.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
    Industrial Uses:Widely used as a white pigment, e. g. in cosmetic products and in paints. Also a major source of barium.

    References for Baryte

    Reference List:Licetus, F. (1640) (as Lapis Bononiensis, Litheophorus).

    Mentzel (1673) Misc. Ac. Nat. Cur.

    Mentzel (1675) obsscuro lucens (as Lapis Bononiensis).

    Wallerius, J.G (1747) Mineralogia, eller Mineralriket. Stockholm: 56 (as Lysesten, Bononiensisksten, Gypsum irregulare, lamellosum).

    Cronstedt A. (1758) Mineralogie; eller Mineral-Rikets Upstallning. Stockholm: 21 (as Gypsum spatosum, Marmor metallicum, Spatum Bononiense, Tungspath). p. 25 (as Terra calcarea phlogisto et acido vitrioli mixta, Les wersten, Lapis hepaticus).

    Born, I. von (1772) Lythophylacium Bornianum; Index fossiliumquae colligit, etc., Prague, pt 1: 14 (as Gypsum ponderosum).

    de Lisle, R. (1772) Essai de cristallographie. Paris (as Spath pesant ou séléniteux).

    Bergmann, T. (1782) Sciagraphia regni mineralis (as Spathum ponderosum).

    de Lisle, R. (1783) Cristallographie, ou description des formes propres à tous les corps du regne minéral. 4 volumes, Paris. (as Spath pesant ou séléniteux).

    Withering (1784) Royal Society of London, Philosophical Transactions.

    Kirwan, R. (1794) Elements of Mineralogy, second edition: 1: 136 (as Baroselenite).

    Delamétherie, J.C. (1797) Théorie de la Terre, 2nd. Edition, 5 volumes, Paris: 2: 8 (as Barytite).

    Karsten, D.L.G. (1800) Mineralogische Tabellen, Berlin. First edition: 38, 75 (as Baryt, Hepatit).

    Haüy, R.J. (1801) Traité de minéralogie. First edition: in 4 volumes with atlas in fol., Paris: 2 (as Baryte).

    Eaton, in: Macneven: Atomic Theory Chym., New York: 19 (as Schoharite).

    Beudant, F.S. (1824), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie Paris: 441 (as Barytine).

    Dufrénoy (1835) Annales de chimie et de physique, Paris: 60: 102 (as Dréelite).

    Breithaupt (1838) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 15: 322 (as Allomorphit).

    Shepard (1838) American Journal of Science: 34: 161 (as Calstronbarite).

    Glocker, E.F. (1847) Generum et specierum mineralien secundum ordines naturals digestorum synopsis. Halle: 261 (as Dreeit).

    Dana, J.D. (1850) System of Mineralogy, 3rd. Edition, New York: 704.

    Waltershausen (1855) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 94: 137 (as Barytocölestin).

    Dana, J.D. (1868) System of Mineralogy, 5th. Edition, New York: 617 (as Celestobarite).

    Adam, M. (1869) Tableau minéralogique, Paris: 62 (as Schoarite = a mis-spelling).

    Helmhacker (1872) Ak. Wien, Denkschr.: 32, part 2: 1.

    Hankel (1874) Sächs Ges. Wiss., Abh.: 10: 281.

    Sandberger (1875) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 383.

    Collie (1879) Mineralogical Magazine: 2: 220.

    Bauer (1887) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 37.

    Lacroix (1889) Comptes rendu de l’Académie des sciences de Paris: 108: 1126 (as Michel-lévyte).

    Valentin (1889) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 15: 576.

    Gonnard (1890) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 13: 354.

    Luedeking and Wheeler (1891) American Journal of Science: 42: 495.

    Beckenkamp (1897) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 28: 69.

    Jannetaz and Goldberg (1897) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 28: 103.

    Mügge (1898) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 71.

    Samoiloff (1902) Moskovskoe Obshchestvo Liubitelei Priordy, Moscow, Bulletin: 16: 105.

    Mügge (1903) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 16: 399.

    Barker (1908) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 45: 25.

    Rosický (1908) Ac. sc. Bohéme, Bulletin: 13.

    Ungemach (1908) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 31: 92.

    Vogt (1908) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 1: 3.

    Pogue (1910) Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum: 38: 17.

    Henglein (1911) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 32: 71.

    Kolb (1911) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 49: 14.

    Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 1: 140.

    Tarr (1919) Economic Geology: 14: 46.

    Grahmann (1920) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 1.

    Grahmann (1920) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Hamburg, Leipzig: 81: 257.

    Ōhashi (1920) Mineralogical Magazine: 19: 73.

    Veit (1922) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 45: 121.

    Maier (1923) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 58: 75.

    Niggli (1924) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 59: 266.

    Zeller (1924) Földtani Közlöny, Budapest (Magyarhone Földtani Torsulat): 53: 139.

    James and Wood (1925) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: 109A: 598.

    Basche and Mark (1926) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 64: 1.

    Ruiz (1926) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rendus, Rome: 3(6): 342.

    Bruce and Light (1927) American Mineralogist: 12: 396.

    Doelter, C. (1927) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 4(2): 227.

    Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1(3B), 3782.

    Gallitelli (1929) Atti. soc. nat. mat. Modena: 8: 86.

    Wagner (1929) Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Leipzig, Berlin: 2: 27.

    Kalb (1930) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 74: 469.

    Heide (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 78: 257.

    Kalb and Koch (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 78: 169.

    Wagner (1931) Zs. angew. Chem.: 44: 665.

    Braun (1932) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 65: 173.

    Buschendorf (1932) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 81: 38.

    Buttgenbach (1932) Annales of the Société géologique de Belgique, Liége: 55: 165.

    Kalb (1932) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 81: 342.

    Haas (1933) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Beil.-Bd., Heidelberg, Stuttgart: 67: 217.

    Masuda (1932) Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, Tokyo: 8: 436.

    Tarr (1933) American Mineralogist: 18: 260.

    Russell (1934) Mineralogical Magazine: 24: 318.

    Bobkova (1935) Publ. Foc. Sc. University of Masaryk, no. 211.

    Howland (1936) American Mineralogist: 21: 584.

    Kolaczkowska (1936) Arch. min. soc. Varsovie: 12: 181.

    Tertsch (1936) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 95: 296.

    Tokody (1936) Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Budapest: 54: 650.

    Franco (1938) Bol. fac. fil. Cienc. Let. University of São Paulo, no. 10: 75.

    Grimm, Peters, and Wolff (1938) Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Hamburg, Leipzig: 236: 57.

    Erdélyi (1939) Földtani Közlöny, Budapest (Magyarhone Földtani Torsulat): 69: 290.

    Kašpar (1939) in: Mineral Abstracts: 7: 336.

    Saukov (1939) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de l’U.R.S.S., n.s.: 22: 254.

    Tavora (1946) Estud. Brasil. deGeol.: 1: 47.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 408-415.

    Heinrich, Eberhardt William & R.W. Vian (1967), Carbonitic barites: American Mineralogist: 52: 1179-1189.

    Isetti G. (1967) - Studi sul colore e sul pleocroismo della Baritina. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 25-41.

    Isetti G. (1968) - Studio sulla fotoconducibilità elettrica della baritina. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma, pp. 45- 53.

    American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 1209-1219.

    American Mineralogist (1978): 63: 506-510.

    Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, 8th. edition: 572.

    Pina, C.M., U. Becker, P. Risthaus, D. Bosbach, and A. Putnis (1998), Molecular-scale mechanisms of crystal growth in barite: Nature: 395: 483-486.

    Majzlan, J., Navrotsky, A., and Neil, J.M. (2002) Energetics of anhydrite, barite, celestine, and anglesite: a high-temperature and differential scanning calorimetry study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 66: 1839-1850.

    Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 45.

    Internet Links for Baryte

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    Localities for Baryte

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