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Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Big Photo

Zagi Mountain (Zegi), Mulla Ghori, Khyber Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan
© C.Mercer

Show Bastnäsite-(Ce) Photos (110)
Formula:
(Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
System:HexagonalColour:Yellow, reddish-brown; ...
Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy, PearlyHardness:4 - 4½
Name:For the type locality at the Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden, plus the "-(Ce)" suffix due to the dominance of cerium in the composition.


Cerium analogue of Bastnäsite-(La) and Bastnäsite-(Y); fluorine analogue of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce). Bastnäsite-(Ce)-Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) Series.

Classification of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/C.07-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BD.20a

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Dana 8th edition ID:16a.1.1.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:12.1.8

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
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Type Occurrence of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Type Locality:Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Swedish Museum of Natural History 23:0476
Geological Setting of type material:Narrow bands in a contact metamorphic amphibole skarn.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
FluoceriteCerite-(Ce)Allanite-(Ce)

Occurrences of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Geological Setting:Most abundant REE mineral. Hydrothermal and primary igneous. Granitic and alkali syenites and pegmatites, carbonatites, contact metamorphic deposits, rarely in detrital deposits.

Physical Properties of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Pearly on basal partings
Colour:Yellow, reddish-brown; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
On {1010}.
Parting:On {0001} distinct to perfect of secondary origin).
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):4.9 - 5.2 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.12 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6 m2 - Ditrigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P6c2
Cell Parameters:a = 7.118(1) Å, c = 9.762(1) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.371
Unit Cell Volume:V 428.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:6
Morphology:Crystals tabular {0001}, usually with {1010} alone. Crystals normally deeply grooved horizontally due to oscillatory combination of {1011} and {1010}. Large anhedral masses; granular.

Epitaxial Relationships of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Epitaxial Minerals:
Fluocerite
Epitaxi Comments:Bastnäsite forms oriented overgrowths and alteration pseudomorphs after fluocerite. Crystal axes of both species oriented in parallel position.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.90 (35)
3.56 (71)
2.88 (100)
2.06 (50)
2.01 (35)
1.892 (50)

Optical Data of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.717 - 1.722 nε = 1.818 - 1.823
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.101

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:Faintly pleochroic with absorption E is greater than O.

Chemical Properties of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Formula:
(Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
Essential elements:C, Ce, F, O
All elements listed in formula:C, Ce, F, La, O

Relationship of Bastnäsite-(Ce) to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) (see here)
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.BD.05Cordylite-(Ce)
(Na,Ca)BaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
5.BD.05Lukechangite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
4
]
5.BD.10Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(La)
Ba
 
2
(La,Ce,Th)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
5.BD.15Cebaite-(Nd)
Ba
 
3
(Nd,Ce)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)[(OH,F)|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)[(OH,F)|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[(OH,F)|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.20bParisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.20bParisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
5.BD.20dRöntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
[F
 
3
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
5.BD.20aThorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Nd)
(Nd,Ce,La)[F|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.25Horváthite-(Y)
NaY[F
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
5.BD.25Qaqarssukite-(Ce)
Ba(Ce,REE) (CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
5.BD.35Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
12.1.1Northupite
Na
 
3
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
12.1.2Barentsite
Na
 
7
AlH
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
 
4
12.1.3Rouvilleite
Na
 
3
(Ca,Mn,Fe)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.4Chlormagaluminite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(Cl
 
2
,CO
 
3
)] · 2H
 
2
O
12.1.5Defernite
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
12.1.6Brenkite
Ca
 
2
[F
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
12.1.7Stenonite
(Sr,Ba,Na)
 
2
AlCO
 
3
F
 
5
12.1.9Bastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.10Bastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)[F|CO
 
3
]
12.1.11Parisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.12Parisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.13Synchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.14Synchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.15Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.16Röntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
[F
 
3
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
12.1.17Cordylite-(Ce)
(Na,Ca)BaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
12.1.19Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
2
]
12.1.20Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce[F|(CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
12.1.21Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
5
]
12.1.22Thorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
12.1.23Phosgenite
Pb
 
2
[Cl
 
2
|CO
 
3
]
12.1.24Barstowite
Pb
 
4
[Cl
 
6
|CO
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
12.1.25Albrechtschraufite
Ca
 
4
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
[F
 
2
|(CO
 
3
)
 
6
] · 17 H
 
2
O
12.1.26Kettnerite
(BiO)Ca[F|CO
 
3
]

Other Names for Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Synonyms:
Basic fluocerineBasikfluorceriumBasiskfluor-ceriumBastnaesite-(Ce)Buszite
HamartiteHemartiteHydrocerite (of Glocker)HydrofluoceriteKischtimite
Kischtim-ParisiteKyshtymoparisiteSub-fluate of cerium
Other Languages:
French:Basicérine
Cérium hydrofluaté
German:Basisches Fluorcerium
Buszit
Hamartit
Hemartit
Hydrofluocerit
Kischtimit
Kischtim-Parisit
Kyshtymoparisit
Russian:Бастнезит-(Ce)
Spanish:Buszita
Hamartita
Hemartita
Hydrofluocerita
Kischtimita
Kyshtymoparisita
Swedish:Basiskfluocerium
Basisk fluss-spatssyradt Cerium

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in strong, hot acids.

May be found as pseudomorphs after Fluocerite or Tscheffkinite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:REE ore

References for Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Reference List:Berzelius (1818) Afhandlingar I Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, Stockholm: 5: 64 (as Basisk flussspatssyradt Cerium).

Beudant, F.S. (1832), Trailé élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 520 (as Basicérine).

Hisinger (1838) Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, Handlingar, Öfv: 189 (as Basiskfluor-cerium).

Huot, J.J. (1841) Manuel de Minéralogie. 2 volumes, Paris: 1: 296.

Dufrénoy, A. (1845) Traité de minéralogie, 1st. Edition Vol. 1 (1844); Vol. 2: 382 (as Cérium hydrofluaté).

Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition, vol. 2, in two parts: 1447 (as Fluocerine).

Karavayev (1861) Bulletin of the Academy Imp. Science of St. Petersburg: 4: 401 (as Kischtim-Parisit).

Karavayev (1862) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 85: 442.

Brush (1863) American Journal of Science: 35: 427 (as Kischtimite).

Phillips (1867): 267 (as Sub-fluate of cerium).

Nordenskiöld (1868) Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, Handlingar, Öfv: 25: 39 (as Hamartite).

Hillebrand (1899) American Journal of Science: 7: 51.

Koechlin (1912) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 31: 525.

Lacroix (1912) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 35: 108.

Geijer (1920) Sver. Geol. Undersök., Årsbok: 14, no. 6.

Lacroix, A. (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Paris. 3 volumes: 1: 297.

Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3418.

Silberminz (1929) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de l’U.R.S.S., series A, 55.

Oftedal (1931) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 12: 459.

Oftedal (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 78: 462.

Fleischer in: Glass and Smalley (1945) American Mineralogist: 30: 601.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 289-291.

Yunxiang, Ni, John M. Hughes, and Anthony N. Mariano (1993) The atomic arrangement of bastnäsite-(Ce), Ce(CO3)F, and structural elements of synchysite-(Ce), röntgenite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce). American Mineralogist: 78: 415-418.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 51.

Internet Links for Bastnäsite-(Ce)

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Search for Bastnäsite-(Ce) in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Bastnäsite-(Ce) details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Bastnäsite-(Ce)

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Konar (Kunar; Konarh; Konarha; Nuristan) Province
    		Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:253
    Argentina
     
    • San Luis
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Roxby Downs
    		Lottermoser B. G. (1995). Neues.Jb. Miner. Mh.1995, 8, 371-384; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:1-28
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Yunta
    		Australian Journal of Mineralogy. Vol 9. No. 1. 2003. pg47
      • Olary Province
        • Plumbago homestead
    		LUDWIG K.R. et al. Geochronology of Precambrian granites and associated U-Ti-Th mineralization, north. Olary Prov., SA. Contr. Mineral. Petr.,1984, 86, p. 298-308
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Gloggnitz
    		analysed by Dr.F.Bernhard, Graz 2007
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Bertrix
    		Dehove, J. (2006): Les minéraux de la Carrière de la Flèche, Bertrix, province du Luxembourg, Belgique. Magazine du 4M, 27(261), 7-11.
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Ayopaya Province
    		Schultz, F., et al. (2004) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 148, 391-408.
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Poços de Caldas plateau
          • Caldas
    		Waber (1991)
    No reference listed
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Labrador
    		Miller (1996), Can.Min.: 34:349-371; Salvi & Williams-Jones (1995); Am.Min.: 80:1031-1040; Miller (1990), Newfoundland Dept. of Mines & Energy Geol. Sur. Report 90-1: 171-182.
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Platt & Wooley (1990)
    • Québec
      • Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Co.
        • Saint Honoré
    		Currie (1976) GSC Bulletin 239, 109-110
      • Rouville Co.
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
      • Verchères Co.
        • Varennes & St-Amable
          • Saint-Amable sill
    		Horváth et al. (1998)
    China
     
    • Guangdong Province
    		Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): \"Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China\", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Baotou League
        • Darhan Muminggan United Banner
          • Bayan Obo
            • Bayan Obo (Bayun-Obo; Baiyunebo) deposit
    		Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Campbell, L.S. (2000): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64(18), 3141-1360.
    Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Campbell, L.S. (2000): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64(18), 3141-1360.
            • Dulahala
    		Yang, X.M., Yang, X.Y., Zheng, Y.F., and Le Bas, M.J. (2003): Mineralogy and Petrology 78, 93-110.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Dayu Co.
    		Rucheng Wang, Fontan, F., Xiaoming Chen, Huan Hu, Changshi Liu, Shijin Xu, and de Parseval, P. (2003): Canadian Mineralogist 41, 727-748.
        • Xunwu Co.
    		Zhiwei Bao and Zhenhua Zhao (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 519-535.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Zruč nad Sázavou (Srutsch an der Sasau)
    		Sejkora, J.: Některé zajímavé nálezy nerostů v pegmatitech České republiky. Minerál, 1993, roč. 1, č. 3, s. 22-23.
    Finland
     
    • Länsi-Suomen Lääni
    		Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland (1988): 60(1): 45-53.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Luzenac
    		No reference listed
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Bad Rippoldsau
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Haslach
          • Steinach
    		[Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald]
        • Todtnau
    		Lapis 21(12), 44 (1996)
    Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		KOLITSCH, U., GRAF, H. W. & BLAß, G. (1997): Untersuchungen über die Seltenerden-Carbonate Bastnäsit und Synchisit von der Grube Clara im Schwarzwald: Nachweis von Bastnäsit-(Ce), Bastnäsit-(Nd), Bastnäsit-(La) und Synchisit-(Ce). - Aufschluss 48, 367-79.
      • Kaiserstuhl
        • Schelingen
    		No reference listed
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Spessart Mts
          • Aschaffenburg
            • Dörrmorsbach
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Wald-Michelbach
          • Mackenheim
    		Belendorff, K. (2004): Neu: Bastnäsit und Monazit von Mackenheim im Odenwald. Mineralien-Welt 15 (4), 34-35. (in German)
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Altenberg
    		Mineralien-Welt, (2), 17-39.
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
        • Igaliku (Igaliko)
          • Narssârssuk (Narsarsuk)
    [Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
    		Nagy, G., (2003): Nacareniobsite in Phonolites in the Mecsek Mts. (Hungary) - Second occurrence in the world, Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract series 1, Szeged 2003
      • Villányi Mts.
        • Nagyharsány
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Courmayeur
        • Les Grandes Jorasses Massif
          • Ferret Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		Della Ventura, G., Bellatreccia, F., Caprilli, E., Rossi, P., Tamagnini, F., Fiori, S., 2004. Dieci anni di micromineralogia laziale. Il Cercapietre. Not. del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, 1-2
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
    		[MinRec 32:360]
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Germanasca valley
          • Prali
    		G.C. Piccoli, G. Maletto, P. Bosio, B. Lombardo. I minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Ass. Amici del museo "F. Eusebio", Alba 2007. Guida ai minerali. F.lli Fabbri Ed, Milano 1973.
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Formazza Valley
          • Vallone del Vannino
    		Mattioli, V. (1985): Un nuovo minerale alpino nell\'Ossola (No).
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    		Brizzi, G., Olmi, F., Sabelli, C. (1994): Gli arseniati di Pira Inferida, Gonnofanadiga (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1994, 193-206.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Naka-gun
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    • Kagawa Prefecture
      • Inland Sea (Setonaikai)
        • Shodoshima (Shodo Island)
    		European J. Mineralogy 20, 261-209(2008)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Qaraghandy Oblysy (Karaganda Oblast')
    • Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [Eastern-Kazakhstan] Oblast')
      • Tarbagatai Range
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    no reference
    Madagascar
     
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Amoron'i Mania Region
        • Ambositra Department
          • Manandriana Commune
    		Rocks & Minerals , nr 2, 2003
    Malawi
     
    • Zomba District
    		No reference listed
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Aimag
      • Hövsgöl
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Gobi Desert
    		N.V. Vladykin data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Hovd Aimag (Khovd Aimag)
      • Altai Mts
    		G.M. Tsareva data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Swakopmund
    		Mineralogical Record: 36(4): 317-335.
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Windhoek
          • Aris
    		von Knorring, O., Petersen, O. V. Karup-Moeller, S., Leonardsen, E. S. and Condliffe, E. (1992): Tuperssuatsiaite, from Aris phonolite, Windhoek, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatsh., 1992, 145-152; Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS); [http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/aris.htm]
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.
    Nigeria
     
    • Nasarawa
    		Mineralogical Magazine (1983): 47: 41-46.
    North Korea
     
    • Kangwon Province
      • Pyonggang-gun
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Norway
     
    • Akershus
      • Nittedal
    		L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo(in Norwegian), p. 25.
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
      • Iveland
        • Birkeland
    		Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.17. Cerianite from cleavelandite pegmatite dykes in Iveland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43,247-255
    Pedersen, R.(ed) (2007): Iveland V: Gruvedrift. Iveland Bygdesogenemd. p 342
    Hansen, G. H. (2001): Mineralene i Evje - Iveland. (Minerals of Evje - Iveland). Published by Froland Mineral Center. 88 p [ in Norwegian language], p. 19.
        • Kåbuland
    		Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.17. Cerianite from cleavelandite pegmatite dykes in Iveland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43,247-255 + Neumann (1985, p. 99).
    Sverdrup,T.L.,Bryn, K.Ø. & Sæbø, P.Chr.(1959):"Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 2. Bastnäsite, a new mineral for Norway." Geologisk Tidsskrift 39,237-247
    • Nordland
      • Hamarøy
        • Finnøy
    		Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
    Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28.
      • Tysfjord
          • Lapplegret (Lapplægran; Lapplægret; Lapplæger)
    		Sverdrup,T.L.,Bryn, K.Ø. & Sæbø, P.Chr.(1959):"Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 2. Bastnäsite, a new mineral for Norway." Geologisk Tidsskrift 39,237-247 + Neumann (1985, p. 99).
    D. Harries collection, analysed
    Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p 99
    Collection of Tomas Husdal
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
    		Ronald Werner pers. commentary oct. 2005
        • Nordmarka
    Raade, G. & Haug, J.(1982): Gjerdingen. Fundstelle seltener Mineralien in Norwegen. LAPIS 7, 9-15
        • Øståsen - Hadeland
          • Surka
    		Kvamsdal, L.O. (1993): Noen mineraler fra nordmarkitten mellom Roa og Maura. STEIN 20 (1), 30-45
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Raade et al(1993): Kuliokite-(Y) and its alteration products kainosite-(Y) and kamphaugite-(Y) from granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Norway, European Journal of Mineralogy: 5: 691-698.
      • Porsgrunn
    		Neumann (1985, p. 124).
          • Kokkersvold - Blåfjell
    		Larsen, A.O. & Åsheim,A.(1976):"Mineraler fra Langangen".NAGS-nytt 3(1),9-12. (in norwegian);Neumann (1985, p. 99).
    A. Åsheim (1980, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 99).
          • Rønningen
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    A. O. Larsen, A. Åsheim and R. A. Gault, 2005.
    • Vest-Agder
      • Lindesnes
        • Vigeland
    		Sverdrup,T.L.,Bryn, K.Ø. & Sæbø, P.Chr.(1959):"Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 2. Bastnäsite, a new mineral for Norway." Geologisk Tidsskrift 39,237-247 +Neumann (1985, p. 99).
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    Andersen, F. (1993): Hedrum pukkverk i Lågendalen. STEIN 20 (4), 236-238
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Brøgger (1890, pp. 650-654); Sverdrup et al. (1959); Sæbö (1963); Neumann (1985, pp. 99 and 100).
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Tjølling
          • Håkestad
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
          • Klåstad
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
          • Ula
    		Pers.com Knut Edv. Larsen 2008
        • Tvedalen
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Collection of Peter Andresen./ Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Vardaasen
    		Collection of Peter Andresen.
      • Sandefjord
        • Bugården
    		Segalstad, T. V. & Larsen, A. O. (1978): Chevkinite and perrierite from the Oslo region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63, 499-505
        • Fokserød
    		Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Berge, S. A. & Hansen, R. (1975): Mineraler fra Sandefjord. NAGS-nytt nr 1, 10-12 (in norwegian) Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 99; Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Hystad
    		Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1),15-71
        • Lahellefjorden
    		Berge, S.A. & Larsen,A.O.(1980): Mineraler fra Sandefjordsområdet-IV.Granater".NAGS-nytt 7(2),21-24. (in norwegian)
        • Østerøya
    		Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
        • Råstad
    		Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
        • Tønsbergfjorden
    		Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59
        • Vesterøya
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Berge, S. A. & Larsen, A.O.(1980): Mineraler fra Sandefjordsområdet-IV.Granater. NAGS-nytt 7 (2),21-24. (in norwegian)
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Berge, S.A. & Hansen, R. (1976): Mineraler i Sandefjordsområdet III-Varden. NAGS-nytt 3 (4), 13-16 (in norwegian); Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 99
    Raade & Larsen (1980, pp. 117-118); Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Pakistan
     
    • Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
      • Khyber Agency
        • Mulla Ghori
    		The Mineralogical Record, Volume 35 Number 3, p. 212
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    		Mineralogia Polonica Vol. 29, (2), 3-11
        • Świdnica District
    		Janeczek J., Szełęg E., 1998: Bastnäsite-(Ce) and Synchysite-(Ce) from Pegmatite and Hydrothermally Altered Granite of the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif. Miner. Polon., Vol. 29, No 2
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic
    		Bulnaev, K.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 614-618.
          • Ermakovskoe Be Deposit
            • Zunshibir' valley
    		Mironov A.G. and Gofman A.F, (1979) Barian betafite in pegmatites of Transbaikalien, - Minerals and Minerals Paragenesisa of Rocks and Ores, Leningrad, Nauka, p.127-132 (in Russian).
    Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.
          • Mama River Basin
            • Maigunda River
    		Pavel m. kartashov data
          • Vitim Plateau
            • Biraya and Bya Rivers confluence area (Chara Basin)
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) Cerite and ternebohmite from fenites of alkaline massifs of Tuva, - Zapiski VMO, 118(4), p. 47-56 (in Rus.)
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Khabarovskiy Kray
        • Aldan province
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
        • Verkhnebureinsky District
          • Verkhnii Mel'gin River
            • Turana Range
              • Chekunda Town
    		I.I. Kupriyanova Mineralogy of Chergilen rare earth deposit,- Moscow,1962, p.211, PhD dissertation.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
            • Suoluai River Valley
              • Kuamdespakhk Mt
    		Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.)
          • Western Keivy Massif
    		A.V. Voloshin, Ya.A. Pakhomovskii Minerals and mineralformation evolution in amazonite pegmatites of Kola peninsula, - Leningrad, Nauka, 1986, pp.168.; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Southern Siberia
      • Sayan Mts
        • Eastern Sayan
    		Savel\'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth\'s minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Tisovec
    		Ondrejka M., Uher P., Pršek J., Ozdín D., Putiš M., 2005: Arsenian monazite-Ce and REE arsenates and carbonates: Composition and substitution in the REEPO4 – REEAsO4 system. Example from Tisovec – Rejkovo thyolite (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol.7, 04857.
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Limpopo Province
      • Mokopane (Potgietersrus) District
        • Zaaiplaats tin field
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Brits District
    		Robert O. Meyer collection; Dr. Hans Börner collection; collected by Dr. Hans Börner
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • Porriño
    		Calvo, M., Viñals, J. and Vila, F. (2009) Mineralogy of the pegmatites and miarolitic cavities in the granitic batholit of Porriño, Pontevedra, galicia, Spain. Mineral Up, (2009-1), 6-23
    Sweden
     
    • Uppland
      • Vaxholm
        • Resarö
    • Västmanland
      • Norberg
        • Smörberg ore field
      • Skinnskatteberg
        • Riddarhyttan
    		Geijer (1920) Sver. Geol. Undersök., Årsbok: 14, no. 6.; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 290.
    Switzerland
     
    • Bern
      • Hasli Valley
        • Grimsel area
          • Oberaar power station
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393.
    The Moon
     
    • Mare Crisium
    		Mokhov A.V., Kartashov P.M. analytical data
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • South Eastern Region (Westmorland)
          • Eastern Fells
            • Shap
    Ukraine
     
    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
      • Azov Sea Region
    		P.M. Kartashov data
          • Dmitrievka village
    		Pekov I.V., Belovitskaja Ju.V., Kartashov P.M. e.a. New data on perraultite (Priazovie), - ZVMO, 1999, 3, pp.112-120
    • Zhytomyr Oblast' (Zhitomir Oblast')
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    • California
        • Mescal Range
          • Mountain Pass
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index", p62]
        • Mountain Pass District
          • Ivanpah
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Jamestown District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • El Paso Co.
        • Cheyenne District (St. Peters Dome District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
        • Mount Rosa
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Fremont Co.
        • Iron Mountain complex
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 16, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Teller Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals: 63: 457.
    • Idaho
      • Boise Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Custer Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Elmore Co.
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    Rocks & Min. 70:246
    • Michigan
      • Marquette Co.
        • Marquette
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
      • Ontonagon Co.
        • White Pine
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Montana
      • Hill Co.
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
    Chakhmouradian A.R. & Mitchell R.H. (1999) Primary, agpaitic and deuteric stages in the evolution of Accessory Sr, REE, Ba and Nb-mineralization in nepheline-syenite pegmatites at Pegmatite Peak, Bearpaw Mts., Montana, Mineral. Petrol., 67: 85-110.
      • Meagher Co.
    		www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
    Rocks & Min. July-Aug 2005
    Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp242-261
    Rocks&Min. 67:158-168
      • Grafton Co.
        • Bethlehem
    		Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4
    • Rhode Island
      • Washington Co.
        • Westerly
    		Am. Min. 41 pp76-81
    • Washington
      • Okanogan Co.
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    		Rocks and Minerals, 66:6, p. 454; American Mineralogist, V.73, p.1191-1194
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Nine Mile pluton
    		Buchholz, T.W., Falster, A.U., and Simmons, WmB. (2007) 34th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers.
        • Rib Mountain
      • Waupaca Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 79:6 pp409-411
    Vietnam
     
    • Lai Chau Province
      • Phong Tho District
        • Mt Fansipan
    		Feldman l.G., Sarkisyan S.Sh., Boriskin V.P., Purusova S.P., Nguen Van Hoai, Chin Suan Ben (1987) Crystalline beckelite from Nam Se deposit (Northern Vietnam), - Mineralogicheskiy Zhurnal, v.9, N1, pp. 78-86 (in Rus.)
    Zambia
     
    • Northern Province
      • Muchinga Mts.
        • Isoka District
          • Isoka
    		Zambezi, P., Voncken, J.H.L., Hale, M., and Touret, J.L.R. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 59, 239-250.
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
    www.mindat.org Web
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