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Baumhauerite

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Big Photo

Lengenbach Quarry, Im Feld (Imfeld; Feld; Fäld), Binn Valley, Wallis (Valais), Switzerland
© Peter Haas

Show Baumhauerite Photos (40)



Formula:
Pb
 
12
As
 
16
S
 
36
Simplified Pb3As4S9.
System:TriclinicColour:Lead-grey, steel-grey; ...
Lustre:MetallicHardness:3
Member of:Sartorite Group
Name:After H.A. Baumhauer (1848-1926), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.


Compare baumhauerite-2a.

Classification of Baumhauerite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/E.24-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.HC.05b

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
Dana 8th edition ID:3.6.13.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
6 : 2 < ø < 2.49
Hey's CIM Ref.:5.6.4

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
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Type Occurrence of Baumhauerite

Type Locality:Lengenbach Quarry, Im Feld (Imfeld; Feld; Fäld), Binn Valley, Wallis (Valais), Switzerland
Place of Conservation of Type Material:British Museum of Natural History
Year of Discovery:1902
Geological Setting of type material:Dolomite
Associated Minerals at type locality:
RealgarPyriteDolomiteBaumhauerite-2a

Physical Properties of Baumhauerite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Lead-grey, steel-grey; iridescent at times
Streak:Chocolate-brown
Hardness (Mohs):3
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=179
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100} perfect.
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):5.33 - 5.44 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.42 g/cm3

Crystallography of Baumhauerite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 22.74Å, b = 8.33Å, c = 7.89Å
α = 90.35°, β = 97°, γ = 90.42°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.73 : 1 : 0.947
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,483.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Short prismatic [010]; tabular {100}; striated on {100} parallel to [010] and on {010} parallel to [001]. Some crystals considerably rounded, as by etching.
Twinning:On {100}, polysynthetic, with visible twin lamellae.
Comment:Pseudomonoclinic
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.11 (80)
3.56 (80)
3.43 (80)
3.25 (80)
3.00 (100)
2.94 (100)
2.76 (100)
Comments:Binntal, Switzerland (close to baumhauerite-2a).

Optical Data of Baumhauerite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Strong, in dark brown, pale brown, pale brownish grey, green, violet, blue-green or yellow
Reflectivity:
400nmR1=38.0%R2= 42.1%
420nmR1=37.6%R2= 41.9%
440nmR1=37.2%R2= 41.6%
460nmR1=36.8%R2= 41.2%
480nmR1=36.4%R2= 40.7%
500nmR1=36.0%R2= 40.4%
520nmR1=35.5%R2= 39.8%
540nmR1=35.1%R2= 39.2%
560nmR1=34.6%R2= 38.6%
580nmR1=34.2%R2= 37.9%
600nmR1=33.7%R2= 37.2%
620nmR1=33.2%R2= 36.5%
640nmR1=32.5%R2= 35.7%
660nmR1=31.8%R2= 34.9%
680nmR1=31.1%R2= 34.2%
700nmR1=30.5%R2= 33.5%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 42.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:White
Internal Reflections:Deep red

Chemical Properties of Baumhauerite

Formula:
Pb
 
12
As
 
16
S
 
36


Simplified Pb3As4S9.
Essential elements:As, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:As, Pb, S
Analytical Data:Binntal, Switzerland; by electron microprobe, average of two analyses.
Pb (47.9)
Tl (0.4)
As (27.2)
Sb (0.6)
S (23.9)
Total (100.0)
Empirical Formula:
Pb
 
2.79
As
 
4.38
S
 
9.00
Common Impurities:Sb

Relationship of Baumhauerite to other Species

Member of:Sartorite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Sartorite
PbAs
 
2
S
 
4
Twinnite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
Veenite
Pb
 
2
(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
5
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.HC.05bBaumhauerite-2a
Pb
 
11
Ag(As,Sb)
 
18
S
 
36
2.HC.05eChabournéite
Tl
 
21-x
Pb
 
2x
(Sb,As)
 
91-x
S
 
147
 (x = 0-17.5)
2.HC.05dDufrénoysite
Pb
 
2
As
 
2
S
 
5
2.HC.05aGuettardite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
2.HC.05cLiveingite
Pb
 
9
As
 
13
S
 
28
2.HC.05fParapierrotite
Tl(Sb,As)
 
5
S
 
8
2.HC.05fPierrotite
Tl
 
2
Sb
 
6
As
 
4
S
 
16
2.HC.05dRathite
Pb
 
8
Pb
 
4-x
(Tl
 
2
As
 
2
)
 
x
(Ag
 
2
As
 
2
)As
 
16
S
 
40
2.HC.05aSartorite
PbAs
 
2
S
 
4
2.HC.05aTwinnite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
2.HC.05dVeenite
Pb
 
2
(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
5
2.HC.05gMarumoite
Pb
 
32
As
 
40
S
 
92
2.HC.05eDalnegroite
(Tl
 
4
Pb
 
2
)(As
 
12
Sb
 
8
)S
 
34
2.HC.10aFülöppite
Pb
 
3
Sb
 
8
S
 
15
2.HC.10cHeteromorphite
Pb
 
7
Sb
 
8
S
 
19
2.HC.10bPlagionite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
8
S
 
17
2.HC.10dRayite
Pb
 
8
(Ag,Tl)
 
2
Sb
 
8
S
 
21
2.HC.10dSemseyite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
8
S
 
21
2.HC.15Boulangerite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
4
S
 
11
2.HC.15Falkmanite
Pb
 
5.4
Sb
 
3.6
S
 
11
2.HC.15Plumosite
2.HC.20Robinsonite
Pb
 
4
Sb
 
6
S
 
13
2.HC.25Moëloite
Pb
 
6
Sb
 
6
S
 
14
(S
 
3
)
2.HC.30Dadsonite
Pb
 
23
Sb
 
25
S
 
60
Cl
2.HC.35Owyheeite
Ag
 
3+x
Pb
 
10-2x
Sb
 
11+x
S
 
28
, -0.13 < x > +0.20
2.HC.35Zoubekite
AgPb
 
4
Sb
 
4
S
 
10
2.HC.40Parasterryite
Ag
 
4
Pb
 
20
Sb
 
14
As
 
10
S
 
58
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
5.6.1Sartorite
PbAs
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.2Dufrénoysite
Pb
 
2
As
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.3Liveingite
Pb
 
9
As
 
13
S
 
28
5.6.5Gratonite
Pb
 
9
As
 
4
S
 
15
5.6.6Jordanite
Pb
 
14
(As,Sb)
 
6
S
 
23
5.6.7Fülöppite
Pb
 
3
Sb
 
8
S
 
15
5.6.8Zinkenite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
22
S
 
42
5.6.9Plagionite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
8
S
 
17
5.6.10Heteromorphite
Pb
 
7
Sb
 
8
S
 
19
5.6.11Launayite
Pb
 
22
Sb
 
26
S
 
61
5.6.12Playfairite
Pb
 
16
Sb
 
18
S
 
43
5.6.13Semseyite
Pb
 
9
Sb
 
8
S
 
21
5.6.14Madocite
Pb
 
17
Sb
 
16
S
 
41
5.6.15Boulangerite
Pb
 
5
Sb
 
4
S
 
11
5.6.17Robinsonite
Pb
 
4
Sb
 
6
S
 
13
5.6.18Guettardite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.19Twinnite
Pb(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.20Veenite
Pb
 
2
(Sb,As)
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.21Sorbyite
CuPb
 
9
(Sb,As)
 
11
S
 
26
5.6.22Geocronite
Pb
 
14
(Sb,As)
 
6
S
 
23
5.6.23Galenobismutite
PbBi
 
2
S
 
4
5.6.24Cosalite
Pb
 
2
Bi
 
2
S
 
5
5.6.25Cannizzarite
Pb
 
4
Bi
 
6
S
 
13
5.6.26Lillianite
Pb
 
3-2x
Ag
 
x
Bi
 
2+x
S
 
6
5.6.27Giessenite
Pb
 
27
Cu
 
2
(Bi,Sb)
 
19
S
 
57
5.6.28Platynite
5.6.29Xilingolite
Pb
 
3
Bi
 
2
S
 
6
5.6.30Weibullite
Pb
 
5
Bi
 
8
Se
 
7
S
 
11
5.6.31Wittite
Pb
 
9
Bi
 
12
(S,Se)
 
27
5.6.32Kirkiite
Pb
 
10
Bi
 
3
As
 
3
S
 
19
5.6.33Ustarasite
Pb(Bi,Sb)
 
6
S
 
10
 (?)

Other Names for Baumhauerite

Synonyms:
Baumhauerite-IIMA1988-061
Other Languages:
German:Baumhauerit
Japanese:バウムハウエル鉱
Russian:Баумгауерит
Simplified Chinese:褐硫砷铅矿
Spanish:Baumhauerita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Baumhauerite

Reference List:

- +
Solly (1903), Mineralogical Magazine: 13: 151.

Solly (1903), Zs. Kr.: 37: 321.

Palache, C. (1938), American Mineralogist: 23: 821.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 460-462.

Engel, P. and Nowacki, W. (1969): Die Kristallstruktur von Baumhauerit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 129, 178–202.

Pring, A., Birch, W. D., Sewell, D., Graeser, S., Edenharter, A. & Criddle, A. (1990): Baumhauerite-2a: A silver-bearing mineral with baumhauerite-like supercell from Lengenbach, Switzerland. American Mineralogist: 75, 915-922.

Pring, A. (2001): The crystal chemistry of the sartorite group minerals from Lengenbach, Binntal, Switzerland – a HRTEM study. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrogaphische Mitteilungen, 81, 69–87.

Internet Links for Baumhauerite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Baumhauerite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Specimens:The following Baumhauerite specimens are currently listed for sale on minfind.com.
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    • Localities for Baumhauerite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Leigh Creek
            • Puttapa
    		Elliott, P. (1991): Minerals from the Beltana mine, Puttapa, South Australia. Mineral. Rec. 22, 449-456.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Golling
        • Grubach
          • Moosegg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Bruck an der Mur
        • Laming valley
          • Oberort-Tragöß
    		Kolitsch, U. (2009): 1607) Turmalin und ein Baumhauerit-Mineral aus dem Gipsabbau Oberort-Tragöß, Bruck an der Mur, Steiermark. P. 226 in: Niedermayr, G. et al. (2009): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVIII. Carinthia II, 199/119, 189-236.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Madoc Area
          • Huntingdon Township
    		ontariominerals.com; Jambor (1967b) Can. Min. 9, 191-213
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		ontariominerals.com; Mineralogical Magazine 1988 52 : 691-697
    Iran
     
    • West Azarbaijan Province (West Azerbaijan Province)
      • Takab (Takan Tepe)
    		Asadi, H.H., Voncken, J.H.L, Kühnel, R.A., and Hale, M. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 656-671.
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Seravezza
    		Orlandi et al., 1996. Minerals of the Seravezza Marble, Tuscany, Italy. Min. Rec., 27: 47-58. ; Orlandi, P. & Criscuolo, A. (2009). Minerali del marmo delle Alpi Apuane. Pacini editore, Pisa, 180 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Aomori Prefecture
          • Shimokita peninsula
    		K Jouhou, # 131 (15-4-2002)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Osh Oblast
      • Alai Range (Alay Range)
        • Fergana Valley
    		[Lapis 11:11-24]
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Binn Valley
        • Im Feld (Imfeld; Feld; Fäld)
    		Min.Mag.(1902) 13, 151-160(-171)
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Kaiyuh District
    		Van King specimen
    • Colorado
      • San Juan Co.
        • Red Mountain District
          • Anvil Mountain
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		J. Cianciulli, Curator, Franklin Mineral Museum
    Dunn(1995):Pt4:553.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Blair Co.
        • Birmingham
    		Robert C. Smith, II Ph.D., P.G.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2013. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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