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Bayldonite

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Big Photo

Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region, Namibia
© JBS 2006

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Formula:
PbCu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Green, apple-green, ...
Lustre:Resinous, Waxy, GreasyHardness:4½
Name:Named in 1865 by Arthur Herbert Church in honor of English physician John Bayldon [1837(8) - April 6, 1872 Melbourne, Australia]. Bayldon received degrees from University of Edinburgh and University of London. In the late 1850's, Bayldon was lecturer of botany at the Royal College of Surgeons at Edinburgh. While in Edinburgh, he also published observations of geological and botanical subjects. He emigrated to Australia in 1866 for health reasons. He became surgeon and medical officer of the Melbourne Benevolent Asylum, and, for a short time before his death from Bright's Disease, was the Superintendent of the Ararat Lunatic Asylum. It is widely stated that John Bayldon found the original specimens. He did not. Church (1865) specifically states that the specimen came from a mineral dealer Mr. [Richard] Talling, who had supplied Church with a number of new species.


A relatively rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of polymetallic deposits.

Classification of Bayldonite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.33-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BH.45

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
Dana 8th edition ID:41.5.14.1

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.5.4

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
5 : Arsenates of Ti and Pb
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Type Occurrence of Bayldonite

Type Locality:Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Mount's Bay District, Cornwall, England, UK
General Appearance of Type Material:Grass-green to blackish green mammillary masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:It is commonly reported the type specimen is BM 1921,433 at the Natural History Museum, London, England, UK. This is however incorrect - the specimen that has the strongest links with the analyses of A.Church is BM 1964,R8217 also at the NHM, London
Year of Discovery:1865
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Quartz

Occurrences of Bayldonite

Geological Setting:Oxidized zones of copper- and lead-bearing deposits.

Physical Properties of Bayldonite

Lustre:Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Green, apple-green, yellow-green; dark green to black (crystals)
Streak:Siskin green to apple green
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal, Fibrous
Density (measured):5.24 - 5.65 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.707 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bayldonite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Space Group Setting:C2/c
Cell Parameters:a = 14.081Å, b = 5.892Å, c = 10.147Å
β = 106.5°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.39 : 1 : 1.722
Unit Cell Volume:V 807.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals rare. Common as mammillary crusts with a fibrous structure; fine-grained massive; pulverulent.
Twinning:Pseudoscalenohedral trillings with the composition plane (311).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.516 (65)
3.231 (72)
3.148 (100)
2.932 (78)
2.723 (60)
2.658 (55)
2.260 (54)

Optical Data of Bayldonite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.951 nβ = 1.970 nγ = 1.991
2V:Calculated: 89°
Birefringence:0.040
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.040

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r < v strong
Optical Extinction:Y^elongation = 45°; X=b
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Bayldonite

Formula:
PbCu
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Essential elements:As, Cu, H, O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:As, Cu, H, O, Pb

Relationship of Bayldonite to other Species

Common Associates:
TsumebiteSchulteniteOliveniteOliveniteMimetite
MalachiteKeyiteDuftiteCerussiteBeudantite
BaryteAzuriteAnglesiteAdamite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BH.05Thadeuite
Ca(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
8.BH.10Durangite
NaAl(AsO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Isokite
CaMg(PO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Lacroixite
NaAl(PO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Maxwellite
NaFe
3+
 
(AsO
 
4
)F
8.BH.10Panasqueiraite
CaMg(PO
 
4
)(OH,F)
8.BH.10Tilasite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)F
8.BH.15Drugmanite
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.20Bjarebyite
(Ba,Sr)(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Cirrolite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
 (?)
8.BH.20Kulanite
Ba(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Penikisite
Ba(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Perloffite
Ba(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.20Johntomaite
BaFe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
8.BH.25Bertossaite
(Li,Na)
 
2
(Ca,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
4
8.BH.25Palermoite
(Li,Na)
 
2
(Sr,Ca)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
4
8.BH.30Carminite
PbFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.30Sewardite
CaFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.35Adelite
CaMg(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Arsendescloizite
PbZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Austinite
CaZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Cobaltaustinite
CaCo(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Conichalcite
CaCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Duftite
PbCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Gabrielsonite
PbFe(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Nickelaustinite
Ca(Ni,Zn)(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Tangeite
CaCu(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Gottlobite
CaMg(VO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.35Hermannroseite
CaCu(PO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Čechite
Pb(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Descloizite
Pb(Zn,Cu)(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Mottramite
PbCu(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.40Pyrobelonite
PbMn
2+
 
(VO
 
4
)(OH)
8.BH.45Vésigniéite
BaCu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.50Paganoite
NiBi(AsO
 
4
)O
8.BH.55Jagowerite
BaAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
8.BH.55Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)
NaNdCa
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
F
8.BH.60Attakolite
(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
 
4
(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
(SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
8.BH.65Leningradite
PbCu
 
3
(VO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
20.5.1Cafarsite
Ca
 
8
(Ti,Fe,Fe,Mn)
 
6-7
(AsO
 
3
)
 
12
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.5.2Schultenite
Pb(HAsO
 
4
)
20.5.3Duftite
PbCu(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.5Philipsbornite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
20.5.6Arsendescloizite
PbZn(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.7Helmutwinklerite
Pb(Zn,Cu)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.5.8Thometzekite
Pb(Cu,Zn)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
20.5.9Caryinite
(Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
20.5.10Ludlockite
PbFe
3+
4
As
3+
10
O
 
22
20.5.11Gabrielsonite
PbFe(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.5.12Carminite
PbFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
20.5.13Segnitite
PbFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
20.5.14Tsumcorite
Pb(Zn,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(H
 
2
O,OH)
20.5.15Jamesite
Pb
 
2
Zn(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
Fe
3+
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
10
20.5.16Mawbyite
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Zn)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2(OH,H
 
2
O)
20.5.17Arsenbrackenbuschite

Other Names for Bayldonite

Synonyms:
CuproplumbiteParabayldonite
Other Languages:
German:Bayldonit
Russian:Байлдонит
Simplified Chinese:乳砷铅铜矿
钒酸铅矿
Spanish:Bayldonita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information:Soluble in HCl with difficulty.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Bayldonite

Reference List:

- +
Church (1865) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 18: 265.

Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et des ses colonies, Paris. 5 volumes: vol. 4: 513.

Biehl (1919) Inaugural Dissertation Münster (as Parabayldonite, Cuproplumbite).

Biehl (1921) Min. Abstracts: 1: 202 (as Parabayldonite, Cuproplumbite).

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 45.

Biehl (1925) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 62: 341 (as Parabayldonite, Cuproplumbite).

Cesbron, F. and H. Vachey (1974) The unit cell and twin of bayldonite. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 716–718.

Ghose, S. and C. Wan (1979) Structural chemistry of copper and zinc minerals. VI. Bayldonite, (Cu, Zn)3Pb(AsO4)2(OH)2: a complex layer structure. Acta Crystallographica: B35: 819–823.

Sumín de Portilla, V., M. Portillo Quevedo and V.I. Stepanov (1981) The structure of bayldonite: chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, and IR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 66, 148–153.

Internet Links for Bayldonite

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  • Bayldonite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Bayldonite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Uíge Province
    		Van King
    Argentina
     
    • Neuquén
      • Picunches Department
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2006) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, Vol. 2, p 428 (Asociación Mineralógica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Robinson Co.
        • Cobar
          • Cobar
    		http://leme.anu.edu.au/Pubs/Advancesinregolith/Leverett_et_al.pdf
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Minerals of Broken Hill, Dr HK Worner et al.Australian Mining & Smelting Ltd, Melbourne, 1982
    Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    • Northern Territory
      • Victoria-Daley Shire
        • Grove Hill
    		No reference listed
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
          • Clarendon
    		Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17.; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
    • Western Australia
      • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:203]; Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004); Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Australian J. Mineralogy 13(1),31-39(2007)
    Ashburtonite, a new bicarbonate-silicate mineral from Ashburton Downs; J.D. Grice, E.H. Nickel, R.A. Gault; American Mineralogist, Vol 76, 001701-1707, 1991
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
    		M. Puttner: Der Aufschluss 47(4):186-192 (1996)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
    		Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg
                  • West slope ("Am Geyer")
    		R. Poeverlein and J. Gröbner (2007): "Der Bergbau Geyer bei Rattenberg in Tirol und seine Mineralien", Lapis 32(2), 34-38.
            • Schwaz
              • Ringenwechsel District
                • Weißer Schrofen
    		Schnorrer, G., Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Minerale des Martinstollens am Weißen Schrofen, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 58, 27-40
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
    		bob jenkins collection
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Choapa Province
        • Combarbalá
          • Cogotí
    		Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter, Curator of Hamburg Mineralogical Museum, Germany, and Dr. Hubert Putz (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy)
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Debao Co.
    		Lairen Lai and Yi Li (1991): Discovery and study of bayldonite. Mineral Resources and Geology 5(6); Yi Li (2001): Guangxi Geology 14(1), 61-64; Yi Li and Lairen Lai (2003): Mineral Resources and Geology 17(2), 170-172
      • Hezhou Prefecture
    		Lairen Lai and Yi Li (1991): Mineral Resources and Geology 5(6)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
            • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal)
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 54
      • Ústí Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Dubí
    		Sejkora, J.: Minerály ložiska Moldava v Krušných horách. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 110-116. ; American Mineralogist 79, 1210-1214
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Villé Valley
          • Urbeis
    		Thierry Brunsperger collection.
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Zimmerbach
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		J.M. Boisson et al. : "Filon Sainte Barbe, Commune d'Echassières, Allier, France", Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 2000, 4, 3-46; Horst Schabereiter collection (visual ID Uwe Kolitsch)
    • Corsica
      • Haute-Corse
        • Corte
          • Ghisoni
    		Fiche BSS BRGM n° 11183X4002/GT
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Couiza
          • Rennes les Bains
            • Montferrand
    		C.Berbain, G.Favreau - Cahier des micromonteurs n° 2-2000. pp 18-22
        • Tuchan
          • Montgaillard
    		Les Anciennes mines de Padern - Montgaillard ( Aude ) FRANCE
          • Padern
    		http://www.zampano.com/minmax/fundort.php3?lang=US&fp=1975&foid=1549]
      • Gard
        • Mercoirol
    		Le Cahier des micromonteurs, 1995, n°4, 14-29
      • Hérault
        • Bournac
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • St Dié
          • Saulcy-sur-Meurthe
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
        • Upper Moselle Valley
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Monteils
    		No reference listed
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Saint-Martin-Vésubie
          • Belvédère
            • Capelet Mt.
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
      • Var
        • Le Pradet
    		[UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Gronne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg"]
    Jean-Marie Claude collection.
    trouvaille et collection personnelle
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Beaujeu
          • Les Ardillats
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
        • Poule-les-Echarmeaux
    		Valverde J. (1999), L'ancienne mine de plomb argentifère de Longefay (Rhône), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°4, pp: 14-24
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Bad Rippoldsau
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Calw
    		Walenta, K. (1992): "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich).
        • Elz valley
          • Waldkirch
    		Lapis 21(12), 43 (1996)
        • Emmendingen
          • Freiamt Pb-Cu mining District
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Freudenstadt
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Gengenbach
          • Haigerach valley
    		Wittern,A. (1995) Mineralien finden im Schwarzwald
        • Hornberg
          • Gutach
    		Erzgräber 7, 4-7 (1993)
        • Lahr
          • Reichenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
            • Schuttertal
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
            • Weiler
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Münstertal
          • Belchen
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Staufen
            • Grunern
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Todtnau
    		http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Deutschland/Baden-W%FCrttemberg/Schwarzwald/Todtnau/Lisb%FChl
          • St Wilhelm
    		Pöllmann, H., (1990): Mineralparagenesen im Nephelinbasanit von Triebendorf/ Opf., Der Aufschluss, Vol. 41(4), 219-226
    Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
        • Zell am Harmersbach
          • Biberach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    No reference listed
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Lautertal (Odenwald)
          • Reichenbach
            • Borstein
    		Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
            • Hohenstein
    		Lapis 25(2), 13-30 (2000)
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
    Belendorff, K & Petitjean, K. (1987): Reichenbach im Odenwald. Die Mineralien von Fundpunkt 16.1. bei Reichenbach. LAPIS 12 (10), 23-32 + 58
    Collection of Steffen Michalski, ex-collection and collected by Klaus PETITJEAN
            • Teufelsstein
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Taunus
        • Emmershausen
    		www.haldengraeber.de/Homepage/Fundstellen/Deutschland/Taunus/Silbergaut/Silbergaut.html
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg, Bad Lauterberg und von Oberschulenberg im Harz, MINERALIEN-WELT 18 (2007), 43-51.
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		Schnorrer, G., Kronz, A., Ließmann, W., Kehr. A., (2009): Zur Mineralogie der ehemaligen Grube Alter Theuerdank, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 60, pp. 29-62
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    		Habel, B. & Linder, R. (2009): Die Grube "Castor" bei Loope und ihre Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (3), 10-23
        • Rösrath
          • Hoffnungsthal
    		min max
      • Eifel
        • Mechernich
          • Kommern
            • Griesberg
    		Graf, HW., (1992): Fundstellen und Mineralien in de Nordeifel (Teil 1+2), MineralienWelt 1/1992, 3/1992
      • Niederberg area
        • Heiligenhaus
          • Flandersbach
    		Lapis 1988(1), 16-35
    Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1988): Der Niederbergische Erzbezirk des Werdener Bergreviers in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Lapis 13(1): 11-35
      • Siegerland
        • Müsen
    		Der Aufschluss 2000(2), 71-123
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Frücht
    		Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
      • Palatinate
        • Winnweiler
          • Imsbach
    		Lapis, 9 (5), 36-39.
    Lapis, 9 (5), 36-39.
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Westerwald
        • Linz am Rhein
          • Kalenborn
            • Kasbach
    		Markl, G., (1990): Die Grube Clemenslust bei Kalenborn im Siebengebirge, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 41, 185-201
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Clausnitz - Sayda District
          • Sayda
    		Witzke, T. (2012): Neubestimmungen von Fundstellen in Sachsen: Pyracmonit, Philipsbornit, Mottramit, Mansfieldit, Hydrocerussit und weitere. Aufschluss, 63, 295-300.
        • Niederschlag-Bärenstein District
          • Bärenstein
            • Niederschlag
    		Lapis, 19 (4), 13-22+50.
        • Schneeberg District
    		Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
    		http://www.dergraul.de
    • Thuringia
      • Thuringian Forest
        • Gräfenroda
    		Knoll, H. (2009): Interessante Fundstellen bei Gräfenroda im Thüringer Wald. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 50-61.
    Germany & Czech Republic
     
    • Saxony & Ústí Region (Bohemia; Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Erzgebirge; Krusné Hory Mts
    		Jansa, J., Novák, F., Pauliš, P., Scharmová, M.: Supergenní minerály Sn-W ložiska Cínovec v Krušných horách (Česká republika). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1998, roč. 6, s. 83-101.
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		Lapis, 26, 11 (Nov. 2001), p.43
          • Spitharopoussi area
    		Fritz Schreiber collection
    No reference listed
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Velencei Mts.
        • Lovasberény
    		No reference listed
    Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral species of Hungary, 2005
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Savona Province
        • Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena
    		G. Armellino collection
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Guastoni, A. (2009): Monte Cervandone. Recenti novità mineralogiche. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 2009 (1), 38-48.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villaputzu
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    		Brizzi, G., Olmi, F., Sabelli, C. (1994): Gli arseniati di Pira Inferida, Gonnofanadiga (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1994, 193-206.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Luigi Chiappino
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
          • Katashina
    		Yamada, T. (2005) Suisyou, 17, 2-4.
      • Kinki region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    • Kyushu Region
      • Oita prefecture
        • Saeki city
          • Kiura mine (Shin-Kiura mine; Kiura emery mine)
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Kayrakty (Kairakty)
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		Moore, T.P. and Megaw, P.K.M. (2003): Famous mineral localities: The Ojuela mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico. The Mineralogical Record, 34(5), 1-91
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Djebel Saghro (Jbel Saghro)
          • Bou Skour District
    		Georges Favreau collection
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 663, 861.
    Ettler, V., Johan, Z., Kříbek, B., Šebek, O. & Mihaljevič, M. (2009): Mineralogy and environmental stability of slags from the Tsumeb smelter, Namibia. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1-15.
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Jelenia Góra District
    		Siuda R., Kruszewski L., 2006: New data on bayldonite, cornwallite, olivenite and philipsburgite from Miedzianka (Rudawy Janowickie Mts., Sudetes, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica Special Papers, 28, 202-204
    Portugal
     
    • Beja District
      • Almodôvar
        • Monte Dos Mestres
    		Rui Nunes - November 2007
    Romania
     
    • Caraş-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
        • Moldova Nouă-Sasca Cu-Mo ore field
    		Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Cuevas del Almanzora (Cuevas de Vera)
          • Sierra Almagrera
            • Jaroso Ravine
    		Christiane & Jean-Robert EYTIER collection
        • Níjar
          • Rodalquilar
            • Cerro de los Guardias
    		Christiane & Jean-Robert EYTIER collection
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Guadalajara
        • Pardos
    		J. Gröbner und B. Sainz de Barranda (1999): Die Mineralien der Kupfergrube bei Pardos in der Provinz Guadalajara, Spanien. Mineralien-Welt 10 (4), 26-31. (in German)
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
        • Mürtschenalp
          • Chalttal area
    		Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
    Lapis 29(9):9-11 (2004)
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 69; Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais - II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer)
      • Bagnes Valley
        • Bruson
    		Cuchet, S., Ansermet, S. & Meisser, N. (2012): Die kupferhaltige Mineralisierung am Six Blanc im Wallis. Schweizer Strahler 46 (4), 2-16 (in German and French).
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		No reference listed
    Michael Merry, pers. commun.
    [Am Min 66 (1981), 148; www.thamesvalleyminerals.com]
        • St Erth - Gwithian Area
          • Gwinear
            • Fraddam
    		No reference listed
          • Phillack
            • Great Wheal Alfred (Alfred Consols)
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Carrock Fell
    		[Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 81 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    No reference listed
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    No reference listed
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]; BMS Database
            • Potts Gill
              • East Potts Gill Mine
    		[Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    [Cooper & Stanley, 1990, 80 - "Minerals of the English Lake district"]
    BMS Database
          • Threlkeld District
            • Glenderaterra Valley
    		BMS Database
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Trefeirig
          • Goginan
    		No reference listed
      • Powys (Montgomeryshire)
        • Llangurig
      • Powys (Radnorshire)
        • Old Radnor
          • Wethel
    		Cotterell TF et al (2011) The mineralogy of Dolyhir quarry, Old Radnor. Powys, Wales. UKJMM 32:5-61
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 130; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 130; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
      • Pima Co.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Helvetia-Rosemont District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. IV; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 130.
        • Silver Bell Mts
          • Silver Bell District
    		No reference listed
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 100.
        • Eagle Mts
          • Eagle Mountains District
    		Tucker, W. Burling (1924a), Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Ventura Counties: California Mining Bureau. Report 20: 195; Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 200; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 164.
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Barstow
          • Lead Mountain
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1942), Notes on some minerals from southern California, III: American Mineralogist: 27: 323-330; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 100; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 323.
    • Colorado
      • Park Co.
        • Montezuma District
          • Hall Valley
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Idaho
      • Custer Co.
        • Bay Horse District
          • Ramshorn Mountain
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Blue Wing District
          • Patterson
    		Ream, L. (2005): Segnitite and other secondary minerals at the Ima Mine, Lemhi County, Idaho. Mineral News, 21, 4-5.
    • Montana
      • Beaverhead Co.
        • Bryant District (Hecla District)
          • Lion Mountain group (Lion Mountain tunnel; Cleopatra; Atlantis; Ariadne; Condor; Alta; True Fissure; Mark Anthony; Oneida; Pride of the West; Blue Bird; Sheep Mountain; Ramshorn; Silver Quartz)
    		Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.
      • Granite Co.
        • Philipsburg District (Flint Creek District)
          • John Long Mts
            • Flint Creek Valley
    		Waisman D. (1992) Minerals of the Black Pine Mine, Granite County, Montana Mineralogical Record, Vol. 23 No. 6, p. 477-483.; Gobla, M. J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks and Minerals 87:208-240.
    Min News 21:7 p 1,3, 4
    • Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Spruce Mountain District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Weepah District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Bell District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Fitting District
          • Luning
            • Rhyolite Pass
    		Marco Ciriotti collection (analysed by SEM-EDS, 2005)
      • Nye Co.
        • Lodi District
          • Quartz Mountain camp
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada; Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85:512-524
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne.
      • Summit Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Park City District (Uinta District)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
            • Gold Hill
              • Gold Hill Mine (Western Utah Mine)
    		collected by Brent Thorne
    Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Ophir District
            • Dry Canyon area
    		Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne.
    Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne.
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Collected by Brent Thorne
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland West
      • Kadoma District
    		Vetter, U., Weck, H.-D., Weale, T., Klosa, D., Wittich, C. and Hoffmann, K. (1999): A provisional inventory of the Sanyati oxide-zone minerals, Zimbabwe. Z. Angew. Geol. 45, 15-21.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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