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Becquerelite

Big Photo

Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), Shinkolobwe, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Becquerelite Photos (29)
Formula:
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 8H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Amber-yellow, golden to ...
Lustre:Adamantine, GreasyHardness:2½
Name:
For French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), who discovered radioactivity in 1896.
This page provides mineralogical data about Becquerelite.

Classification of Becquerelite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/H.03-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.GB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
G : Uranyl Hydroxides
B : With additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb, etc.); with mainly UO2(O,OH)5 pentagonal polyhedra
Dana 8th edition ID:5.7.1.2

5 : OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM OR THORIUM
7 : AX6O19·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.16.11

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
16 : Oxides of U
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Type Occurrence of Becquerelite

Type Locality:Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine), Shinkolobwe, Central area, Katanga Copper Crescent, Katanga (Shaba), Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Natural History Museum, Paris, France (No. 122.135)
Geological Setting of type material:Among weathering products of uraninite in the oxidized portions of a uranium deposit
Associated Minerals at type locality:
WölsendorfiteUraniniteSoddyiteSchoepiteRutherfordine
MasuyiteKasoliteIanthiniteFourmarieriteDewindtite
Curite

Occurrences of Becquerelite

Geological Setting:In oxidized portions of uranium deposits; also in pegmatites

Physical Properties of Becquerelite

Lustre:Adamantine, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Amber-yellow, golden to lemon-yellow, yellow-orange, brownish yellow; yellow in transmitted light
Streak:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
on {001}; imperfect on {101}, {010} and {110}
Density (measured):5.09 - 5.2 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.1 g/cm3

Crystallography of Becquerelite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mm2 - Pyramidal
Space Group:Pna21
Cell Parameters:a = 13.8378Å, b = 12.3781Å, c = 14.9238Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.118 : 1 : 1.206
Unit Cell Volume:V 2,556.23 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals usually tabular on {001}, with a pseudohexagonal outline, also prismatic, elongated along [010] into thick laths; striations parallel to [100] on {010}; also as coatings and fine-grained aggregates
Twinning:On {110}, polysynthetic, producing pseudohexagonal aggregates.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
7.50 (10)
3.22 (9)
3.75 (8)
3.56 (8)
2.58 (7)
4.71 (6)
Comments:Recorded on material from Shaba Province, Congo

Optical Data of Becquerelite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.725 - 1.735 nβ = 1.815 - 1.825 nγ = 1.825 - 1.830
2V:Measured: 32°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.100

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v, marked
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = colourless to pale yellow, Y = Z = yellow to deep yellow; Orientation: X = c, Y = a, Z = b

Chemical Properties of Becquerelite

Formula:
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 8H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Ca, H, O, U
All elements listed in formula:Ca, H, O, U
Analytical Data:Averages of two electron microprobe analyses of Congolese material, water content calculated from the mass balance
UO3 (86.4)
CaO (3.2)
H2O (10.4)

sum 100.0 wt.-%
Empirical Formula:
Ca
 
1.15
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 8.6H
 
1.97
O
Common Impurities:Pb

Relationship of Becquerelite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.GB.05Agrinierite
K
 
2
(Ca,Sr)(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
4.GB.05Compreignacite
K
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 7H
 
2
O
4.GB.05Rameauite
K
 
2
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
6
(OH)
 
16
 · H
 
2
O
4.GB.10Billietite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 4-8H
 
2
O
4.GB.10Protasite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.GB.15Richetite
PbU
 
4
O
 
13
·4H
 
2
O
4.GB.20Bauranoite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
4.GB.20Calciouranoite
(Ca,Ba,Pb)U
 
2
O
 
7
·5H
 
2
O
4.GB.20Metacalciouranoite
(Ca,Ba,Pb,K
 
2
)U
 
2
O
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
4.GB.25Fourmarierite
PbU
 
4
O
 
13
·4H
 
2
O
4.GB.30Wölsendorfite
(Pb,Ca)U
 
2
O
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
4.GB.35Masuyite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.GB.40Metavandendriesscheite
PbU
 
7
O
 
22
·nH
 
2
O n < 12
4.GB.40Vandendriesscheite
PbU
 
7
O
 
22
·12H
 
2
O
4.GB.45Vandenbrandeite
Cu(UO
 
2
)(OH)
 
4
4.GB.50Sayrite
Pb
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
5
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
4.GB.55Curite
Pb
 
3+x
(H
 
2
O)
 
2
[(UO
 
2
)
 
4
O
 
4+x
(OH)
 
3-x
]
 
2
4.GB.60Iriginite
UO
 
2
Mo
 
2
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.GB.65Uranosphaerite
Bi(UO
 
2
)O
 
2
(OH)
4.GB.70Holfertite
Ca
 
x
U
6+
2-x
Ti(O
 
8-x
OH
 
4x
) · 3H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.16.1Uraninite
UO
 
2
7.16.2Schoepite
(UO
 
2
)
 
8
O
 
2
(OH)
 
12
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.16.3Paraschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.16.4Metaschoepite
UO
 
3
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
7.16.5Metastudtite
UO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.16.6Studtite
[(UO
 
2
)(O
 
2
)(H
 
2
O)
 
2
]·H
 
2
O
7.16.7Ianthinite
U
4+
 
(UO
 
2
)
 
5
O
 
7
 · 10H
 
2
O
7.16.8Compreignacite
K
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.16.9Vandenbrandeite
Cu(UO
 
2
)(OH)
 
4
7.16.10Roubaultite
Cu
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
3
(OH)
 
10
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.16.12Rameauite
K
 
2
Ca(UO
 
2
)
 
6
(OH)
 
16
 · H
 
2
O
7.16.13Agrinierite
K
 
2
(Ca,Sr)(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.16.14Protasite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.16.15Billietite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
6
O
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 4-8H
 
2
O
7.16.16Bauranoite
Ba(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 1-2H
 
2
O
7.16.17Metacalciouranoite
(Ca,Ba,Pb,K
 
2
)U
 
2
O
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
7.16.18Calciouranoite
(Ca,Ba,Pb)U
 
2
O
 
7
·5H
 
2
O
7.16.19Orthobrannerite
U
4+
 
U
6+
 
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
(OH)
 
2
7.16.20Thorutite
(Th,U,Ca)Ti
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
7.16.21Davidite-(La)
(La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
7.16.22Davidite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
 
20
(O,OH)
 
38
7.16.23Brannerite
(U
4+
 
,Ca)(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
6
7.16.24Fourmarierite
PbU
 
4
O
 
13
·4H
 
2
O
7.16.25Richetite
PbU
 
4
O
 
13
·4H
 
2
O
7.16.26Curite
Pb
 
3+x
(H
 
2
O)
 
2
[(UO
 
2
)
 
4
O
 
4+x
(OH)
 
3-x
]
 
2
7.16.27Masuyite
Pb(UO
 
2
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.16.28Vandendriesscheite
PbU
 
7
O
 
22
·12H
 
2
O
7.16.29Metavandendriesscheite
PbU
 
7
O
 
22
·nH
 
2
O n < 12
7.16.30Sayrite
Pb
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
5
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
7.16.31Wölsendorfite
(Pb,Ca)U
 
2
O
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
7.16.32Clarkeite
(Na,Ca,Pb)
 
2
U
 
2
(O,OH)
 
7
7.16.33Uranosphaerite
Bi(UO
 
2
)O
 
2
(OH)

Other Names for Becquerelite

Synonyms:
Beckerelite
Other Languages:
German:Beckerelit
Becquerelit
Russian:Беккерелит
Spanish:Beckerelita
Becquerelita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Becquerelite

Reference List:Schoep (1922), C. R. 174, 1240.

Schoep (1923), Soc. géol. Belgique, Bull. 33, 197.

Schoep (1923), Bull. soc. min. 46, 9.

Schoep (1924), Bull. soc. min. 47, 147.

Schoep (1930), Ann. mus. Congo belge 1(1), 2, 13.

Palache, C. and Berman, H. (1933), American Mineralogist 18, 20.

Palache, C. (1934), American Mineralogist 19, 311.

Blliet and de Jong (1935), Natuurw. Tijdschr. 17, 157.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944): The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 625-627.

Protas, J. (1957): Propriétés et synthèse d'un oxyde hydraté d'uranium et de calcium de Shinkolobwe, Katanga. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 244, 91-93 (in French). - American Mineralogist (1957), 42, 920 (abstract).

Frondel, C. (1958): Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium. U.S. Geol. Sur. Bull. 1064, 62-68.

American Mineralogist (1960), 45, 1026-1061.

Pagoaga, M. K., Appleman, D. E., and Stewart, J. M. (1987): Crystal structures and crystal chemistry of the uranyl oxide hydrates becquerelite, billietite, and protasite. American Mineralogist 72, 1230-1238.

Vochten, R. and van Haverbeke, L. (1990): Transformation of schoepite into the uranyl oxide hydrates becquerelite, billietite and wölsendorfite. Mineralogy and Petrology 43, 65-72.

Sowder, A. G., Clark, S. B. and Fjeld, R. A. (1996): The effect of silica and phosphate on the transformation of schoepite to becquerelite and other uranyl phases. Radiochimica Acta 74, 45-49.

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 49.

Burns, P. C. and Li, Y. (2002): The structures of becquerelite and Sr-exchanged becquerelite. American Mineralogist 87, 550-557.

Glatz, R. E., Li, Y., Hughes, K.-A., Cahill, C. L., and Burns, P. C. (2002): Synthesis and structure of a new Ca uranyl oxide hydrate, Ca[(UO2)4O3(OH)4](H2O)2, and its relationship to becquerelite. Canadian Mineralogist 40, 217-224.

Burns, P. C. (2005): U 6+ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. Canadian Mineralogist 43, 1839-1894.

Kubatko, K.-A., Helean, K., Navrotsky, A. and Burns, P. C. (2006): Thermodynamics of uranyl minerals: Enthalpies of formation of uranyl oxide hydrates. American Mineralogist 91, 658-666.

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    Localities for Becquerelite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • La Rioja
    		Las Especies Minerales de La Republica Argentina
    American Mineralogist: 46: 12-25.
    Australia
     
    • Northern Territory
      • South Alligator Valley Mineral Field
    		Henry, D.A., Pogson, R.E. and Williams, P.A. (2005) Threadgoldite from the South Alligator Valley uranium field, Northern Territory, Australia: second world occurrence. , Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 7-11
    Henry, D.A., Pogson, R.E. and Williams, P.A. (2005) Threadgoldite from the South Alligator Valley uranium field, Northern Territory, Australia: second world occurrence. , Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 7-11
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • St Johann im Pongau
        • Mühlbach am Hochkönig
    		Paar, W. & Ruscha, S. (1978): Karinthin 78, 23-29.
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Great Bear Lake
    		Mineralogical Record (1989).
    • Saskatchewan
      • Beaverlodge region
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 49
      • Nistowiack Lake
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 49
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
              • Svornost Mine (Einigkeit Mine)
    		Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
      • Plzeň Region
    		Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Javorník
          • Horní Hostice
    		Pauliš, P., Novák, F., Ševců, J.: Sekundární minerály z uranového ložiska Jelení vrch u Horních Hoštic v Rychlebských horách. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 121 - 138.
    Sejkora, J.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 105-110.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Shinkolobwe
    		C.R.Acad.Sci.Paris,(1922) 174, 1240-1242
        • Western area
          • Kolwezi
            • Kamoto
    		J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. V (2003)
    No reference listed
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Puy-Guillaume
          • Lachaux
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV (1998)
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		[Le Règne Minéral 1997, 13, p.5-18]
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Compreignac
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998
        • Saint-Sylvestre
    		Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • St Priest-la-Prugne
    		J.-J. Périchaud: "Où trouver les minéraux d'Auvergne", Vol. 1, Editions l'Instant Durable (Clermont-Ferrand), 1985, p. 92
    Le Règne Minéral, Hors Série IV, 1998
      • Savoie
        • La Lauzière massif
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2000). Uranium et fentes tardi-hercyniennes. Le Règne Minéral hors-série n°6, pp. 21-23. Editions du Piat.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German); WALENTA, K. (1999): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara. 8. Folge, 1. Teil. Lapis 24 (11), 34-37.
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Schwandorf
          • Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Hunsrück Mts
        • Birkenfeld
          • Ellweiler
    		Aufschluss 69/(7+8), Lapis 79/(7+8)
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 49
    No reference listed
      • Vogtland
        • Oelsnitz
    		Gröbner, J. and Kolitsch, U. (2007): The minerals of the uranium prospect at Tirpersdorf, Vogtland. Lapis 32, 37-42; 58. (in German)
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		De Michele V., Zezza U. (1979) - Le pegmatidi dell'alta Val codera (Sondrio) nell'area di Punta trubinasca - Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. nat., Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Vol. 120, n. 1-2, pp. 180-194
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Condino
    		Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., & Gramaccioli, C. M. (2006). Rio Giulis. Minerali secondari del giacimento uranifero presso Condino, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 152-165.
        • Daone
          • Limes
    		Campostrini, I., Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M. (2005): Val Daone. Minerali secondari del giacimento uranifero presso Limes, Daone (TN). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/2005, 228-240.
    Madagascar
     
    • Antsiranana Province
      • Sava (Northeastern) Region
        • Vohémar District
          • Maromokotra Commune
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive p 19
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Matsiatra Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ikalamavony District
            • Fitampito Commune
              • Andanoa
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p 19
    Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aldama
        • Peña Blanca District
          • Sierra Peña Blanca
    		http://www.swri.org/4org/d20/ghs/PBlanca/mineral.html; Econ Geol (1991) 86:233-248
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Buller River
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Troms
      • Salangen
    		I. Lindahl (1983, pers. com.); Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68 p. 89
      • Tromsø
    		C.D. Thorkildsen (1976, pers. com. to R. Kristiansen); Neumann (1985, p. 89).
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
    		Szakáll:Minerals of Carpathians,2003
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Krasnokamensk
    		Aleshin, A.P., Velichkin, V.I., and Krylova, T.L. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(5), 392-412.
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
        • Gordonia District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Le Trient Valley
        • Giétroz
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 71
        • Les Marécottes
      • Riddes
        • Isérables
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 71
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
            • Pendeen
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Navajo Indian Reservation
          • Monument Valley
            • Monument No. 2 channel
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 131; Frondel, C.C. (1956), Mineral composition of gummite, Am.Min.: 41: 539-568; Frondel, C.C. (1958), Systematic Mineralogy of Uranium & Thorium, USGS Bull. 1064: 68; Finnell, T.L. (1957), Structural control of uranium ore at the Monument No. 2 mine, Apache Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 52: 25-35; Witkind, I.J. & Thaden (1963), Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the Monument Valley area, Apache and Navajo Cos., AZ, USGS Bull. 1103: 97 (Table 2).
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 131; Witkind, I.J. & R.E. Thaden (1963), Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the Monument Valley area, Apache and Navajo Cos., AZ: 115; Frondel, C. (1956), Mineral composition of gummite, Am.Min.: 41: 539-568; Finnell, T.L. (1957), Structural control of uranium ore at the Monument No. 2 mine, Apache Co., AZ, Econ.Geol.: 52: 25-35; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 35.
      • Navajo Co.
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 35.
    • Colorado
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Marshall Pass District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Critchell area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Mesa Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Moffat Co.
        • Maybell District
          • Maybell Mines
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Saguache Co.
        • Marshall Pass District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.; Am Min 50:909-923
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton
    		Rocks & Min.: 70:403
        • Haddam
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.234.
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Marlow
    		Personal collection and XRD analysis by Fred E Davis
      • Grafton Co.
        • Grafton
    		No published reference. Probably whimsical.
    • New Mexico
      • Cibola Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology of the Grants Uranium Region
    Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 49
    • South Dakota
      • Fall River Co.
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		Rocks & Min.:10:147 & 60:112,116.
    • Utah
      • Emery Co.
        • San Rafael District (San Rafael Swell)
          • Delta
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
          • Green Vein Mesa
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Grand Co.
        • Seven Mile District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah; USGS Circular 336
      • San Juan Co.
        • Big Indian District (Big Indian Wash - Lisbon Valley Area)
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
        • White Canyon District
          • Red Canyon
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
          • White Canyon
            • Copper Point
    		Min Rec 2:210-211
            • Deer Flat
    		Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah. Utah Department fo Natural Resources Bulletin 117. Jan. 1981
      • Wayne Co.
        • Fruita
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Wyoming
      • Campbell Co.
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 49
      • Fremont Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 76:386
    Rocks & Minerals 76:386
    Mineral and/or Locality
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