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Bementite

Big Photo

Valgraveglia Mine (Gambatesa Mine), Reppia, Graveglia Valley, Ne, Genova Province, Liguria, Italy
© R. Bracco

Show Bementite Photos (14)
Formula:
Mn
 
5
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
6
System:MonoclinicColour:Brown, dark brown, ...
Hardness:6
Name:
Named for Clarence Sweet Bement [1843-1923] by George Augustus Koenig in 1887. Bement assembled the finest mineral collection in the USA. He also assembled the finest collection of U.S. coins and was interested in a variety of collectibles. Bement had a keen interest in Franklin, New Jersey minerals from whence his namesake was discovered.


Compare the similar friedelite.

Classification of Bementite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.28-90
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.EE.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 8th edition ID:78.5.2.1

78 : Unclassified Silicates
5 :
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.17.8

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Bementite

Type Locality:Trotter Mine (Lehigh Mine), Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1887

Physical Properties of Bementite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Brown, dark brown, golden brown, Grayish-yellow
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):6
Comment:Sometimes given as variable 4-6, softer mineral due to alteration
Tenacity:Flexible
Cleavage:Perfect
{001} perfect, {100} and {010} very good.
Density (measured):2.9-3.1 g/cm3
Comment:Density does not support calculations for Z

Crystallography of Bementite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 7.5Å, b = 9.8Å, c = 5.65Å
β = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.765 : 1 : 0.577
Unit Cell Volume:V 415.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:Micaceous aggregates or plates are typical.
Comment:Better calculations obtained from Orthorhombic cell.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
7.25 (90)
3.66 (100)
3.58 (90)
3.41 (10)
3.30 (50)
2.44 (10)
2.11 (10)
Comments:25-546

Optical Data of Bementite

Type:Biaxial
RI values: nα = 1.602 - 1.624 nβ = 1.632 - 1.650 nγ = 1.632 - 1.650
Birefringence:0.026-0.030
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:Colorless, pale yellow

Chemical Properties of Bementite

Formula:
Mn
 
5
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
6
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,Fe,Zn,Mg,Ca

Relationship of Bementite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.EE.10Brokenhillite
Mn
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
10
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Friedelite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH,Cl)
 
10
9.EE.10Mcgillite
(Mn,Fe)
 
8
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
8
Cl
 
2
9.EE.15Nelenite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(OH)
 
14
[As
3+
3
O
 
6
(OH)
 
3
]
9.EE.15Schallerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
16
Si
 
12
As
 
3
O
 
36
(OH)
 
17
9.EE.20Palygorskite
(Mg,Al)
 
5
(Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·8H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Tuperssuatsiaite
Na
 
2
Fe
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.20Yofortierite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·8-9H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Falcondoite
(Ni,Mg)
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Loughlinite
Na
 
2
Mg
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
16
·8H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Sepiolite
Mg
 
4
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.25Kalifersite
(K,Na)
 
5
Fe
3+
7
Si
 
20
O
 
50
(OH)
 
6
·12H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Gyrolite
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
6
O
 
15
)(OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
·2H
 
2
O
9.EE.30Tungusite
Ca
 
4
Fe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
(OH)
 
6
9.EE.35Reyerite
(Na,K)
 
2
Ca
 
14
(Si,Al)
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.35Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
·2H
 
2
O
9.EE.40Natrosilite
Na
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
5
9.EE.45Makatite
Na
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
8
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.50Varennesite
Na
 
8
Mn
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
25
(OH,Cl)
 
2
·12H
 
2
O
9.EE.55Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·10H
 
2
O
9.EE.60Intersilite
Na
 
6
Mn
2+
 
Ti[Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)](OH)
 
3
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.65Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.65Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
·6H
 
2
O
9.EE.70Zeophyllite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,F)
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
9.EE.75Minehillite
(K,Na)
 
2-3
Ca
 
28
Zn
 
4
Al
 
4
Si
 
40
O
 
112
(OH)
 
16
9.EE.80Fedorite
(Na,K)
 
2-3
(Ca
 
4
Na
 
3
)Si
 
16
O
 
38
F
 
2
 · 3.5H
 
2
O
9.EE.80Martinite
(Na,Ca)
 
11
Ca
 
4
(Si,S,B)
 
14
B
 
2
O
 
40
F
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
9.EE.85Lalondeite
(Na,Ca)
 
6
(Ca,Na)
 
3
Si
 
16
O
 
38
(F,OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.17.1Rhodonite
MnSiO
 
3
14.17.2Tephroite
Mn
2+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
14.17.3Braunite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
6
[O
 
8
|SiO
 
4
]
14.17.4Alleghanyite
Mn
2+
5
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
14.17.5Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
14.17.6Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
]
14.17.7Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
[(OH)
 
2
|(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
]
14.17.9Parsettensite
K
 
1.2
Mn
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
26
(OH)
 
10
14.17.10Yofortierite
Mn
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
·8-9H
 
2
O

Other Names for Bementite

Synonyms:
Bementite (of Koenig)
Other Languages:
German:Bementit
Russian:Бементит
Spanish:Bementita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Bementite

Reference List:American Mineralogist: 79: 91-106.

Internet Links for Bementite

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  • Look for Bementite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Bementite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Bementite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Bementite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		No reference listed
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
    		Min Rec 39:125-130
    http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm
    China
     
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 135-151.
    Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 135-151.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Pardubice Region
    		Prachař, I.: Současný stav výskytu nerostů ve Chvaleticích. Acta musei Reginaehradecensis, série A: vědy přírodní, 1981, roč. XVI., s. 99-102.
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		[MinRec 32:356]
            • Reppia
    		-Marchesini, M. & Pagano, R. (2001): The Val Graveglia manganese district, Liguria, Italy. The Mineralogical Record, 32, 349-379; 415.
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Bellino
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp. [PXRD analysis by Uwe Kolitsch]
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Abashiri Province
        • Tokoro-gun
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
    		Donald E. Lee (1955)
        • Shizuoka prefecture
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Shimobe
    		mineralhunters.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kusama.html
      • Chugoku Region
        • Shimane Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Yamaguchi Prefecture
          • Iwakuni City
    		Lee, D. E. (1955)
          • Kudamatsu City
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Lee, D. E. (1955)
    Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
      • Kanto Region
        • Gunma Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Tochigi Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama
    		N. Aikawa (1987) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 30, 1-13.
      • Kinki Region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Kyoto Prefecture
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
        • Shiga Prefecture
    		Lee, D. E. (1955); Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
          • Tsuchiyama
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Miyako City
    		Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 14, 1, 1-22.
    Watanabe, T. (1959) Mineralogical Journal, 2, 6, 408-421
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Iwaizumi
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
    • Kyushu Island
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fukuoka, M. (1981) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 24, #4, 207-252.
        • Takachiho
    		H. Momoi (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 39-63.
    • Nansei Archipelago
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
        • Amami-Oshima Island
    		Alfredo Petrov collection (December 2005 field trip)
    • Shikoku Island
      • Kochi Prefecture
        • Outoyo (Ohtoyo)
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Sedel'nikovo
    		Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000) Rhodonite deposits of Middle Ural, - S.-Peterburg Univercity press, p. 200 (in Rus.).
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Rožňava (Rozsnyo; Rosenau) Mining District
          • Čučma (Csucsom; Tschutschma)
            • Stredná Hora hill
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
        • Smolnik Mining District
          • Bystrý Potok
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Hotazel
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302]
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		No reference listed
    • Dalsland
      • Åmål
        • Strandhem ore field
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Pajsberg
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 857.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Liskeard District
          • North Hill Area (North-Eastern Bodmin Moor)
            • Altarnun
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Milton Abbot
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Valdez-Cordova Borough
        • Copper River District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
      • Yukon-Koyukuk Borough
        • Amber District
    		Am Min 49:158-165
    • Arizona
      • Pinal Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Mineral Creek District (Ray District)
            • Scott Mountain area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 132.
    • Arkansas
      • Independence Co.
    		Howard, 1987. Mineral Species of Arkansas
    • California
      • Alameda Co.
        • Tesla
          • Arroyo Mocho
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 228.
      • Calaveras Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Humboldt Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Mendocino Co.
        • Impassable Rock
          • Mount Sanhedrin
            • Mount Sanhedrin deposits
              • Impassable Rock
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 101.
    Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 110, 127-128; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 412.
    Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 139; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 412.
      • Plumas Co.
    		Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 172-176, 175; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 413.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Riverside Co.
    		Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " Minerals of California"
    Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " Minerals of California"
      • San Joaquin Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Diablo Range
          • Ladd-Buckeye District
            • Ladd
              • Corral Hollow
    		Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 217, 221-224; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geol. Bulletin 189: 101, 215; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 413; U.S. Geological Survey (2005) Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Shasta Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Sonoma Co.
        • Cazadero
    		Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 89; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 321; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414.
      • Stanislaus Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Tehama Co.
    		Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 300-301; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414.
      • Trinity Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Mad River Ridge
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 60; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 101, 321; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 414.
    Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 194-206; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 321.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Wildwood
    		Trask, Parker Davies, Ivan F. Wilson & F.S. Simons (1943), Manganese deposits of California – a summary report: California Division Mines Bulletin 125: 60, 194-206; Trask, Parker Davies (1950) Geologic description of the manganese deposits of California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 152, 378 pp.: 302-337; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 101, 321; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 414.
    • Connecticut
      • Litchfield Co.
        • Salisbury
          • Ore Hill
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State (Taylor Assoc./Mineralogical Press)
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & Southeastern NY State, p.229.
    • Maine
      • Aroostook Co.
        • Castle Hill
        • T3 R9 WELS
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		\
    • Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Hicks District
    		NBMG Bull 106 Geology and Mineral Resources of Elko County, Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Black Diablo District
    		NBMG Bull 89 Geology and Mineral Resources of Pershing County, Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Koenig, G.A., Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Proceedings (1887):310-311; Dunn(1995):Pt4:488.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:490.
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		Kenny Gay - North Carolina Geological Survey
    • Washington
      • Clallam Co.
        • Aurora Ridge
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Barnes Creek
    		Huntting, M. (1956): Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1; Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.62
    Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
    Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Elwah Ranger Station
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
        • Happy Lake Ridge
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Heckles
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
    Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1, Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Hurricane Ridge
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
          • Hells Canyon
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1, Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Hutton Ridge
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Kloshe Nanish Trail
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Lake Crescent
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.38,56
    Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
        • Mount Muller
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
    Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
        • Sappho
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
        • Sekiu
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
        • Snyder Ranger Station
    		Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
    Ref:Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metalic Minerals, Vol. 1; Marshall T. Huntting, 1956
          • Littleton Creek
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
      • Grays Harbor Co.
        • Humptulips
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
        • Quinault Lake
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
    Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
    Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Copper City
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
        • Mount Jupiter
          • Elkhorn Group
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.63; Lasmanis, R. Et Al (1990): Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report
      • Mason Co.
        • Copper Creek (Boulder Creek)
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
        • Hoodsport
          • Lake Cushman
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
        • Mount Gladys
          • Black and White Lakes
    		Huntting, M. (1956): Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1; Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56; Lasmanis, R. Et Al (1990): Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report
        • Mount Steel
    		Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis
      • Skagit Co.
        • Fidalgo Island
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.56
    Mineral and/or Locality
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