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Beraunite

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Big Photo

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Mons, Hainaut Province (Henegouwen; Hennegau), Belgium
© JDehove

Show Beraunite Photos (226)



Formula:
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
5
 · 4H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Dark greenish-brown, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, PearlyHardness:3 - 4
Name:Named by August Breithaupt in 1841 for the type locality at the Hrbek Mine, Svatá Dobrotivá (St Benigna), Beroun (Beraun), Bohemia, Czech Republic. Beraunite was redefined by Fanfani and Zanazzi (1967), on the basis of a crystal structural analysis, as a mixed valence iron phosphate and left the fully oxidized end-member unnamed, although both beraunite and eleonorite had previously been applied.


A secondary mineral found in bog iron ores and as a cement in clays, sands, and bone material; also as an alteration product of triphylite in granitic pegmatites.

See also the oxidised "variety" (possibly a valid species) oxiberaunite.

Classification of Beraunite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.11-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DC.27

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.11.16.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.13.10

19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone
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Type Occurrence of Beraunite

Type Locality:Hrbek Mine, Svatá Dobrotivá (St Benigna), Beroun (Beraun), Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen), Czech Republic
General Appearance of Type Material:Reddish-brown to reddish orange bladed crystals in foliated clusters
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Freiberg Mining Academy, Freiberg, Saxony, Germany: #21359.
Year of Discovery:1841

Occurrences of Beraunite

Geological Setting:Bog iron ores, alteration of triphyllite in granitic pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Beraunite

Lustre:Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Lustre pearly on cleavages, resinous on fractures.
Colour:Dark greenish-brown, green (unoxidized); reddish-brown, red (oxidized).
Comment:Colouration may be banded.
Streak:Olive drab (unoxidized); yellow, brownish yellow (oxidized).
Hardness (Mohs):3 - 4
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Good on {100}
Density (measured):2.8 - 3.08 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.894 g/cm3
Comment:Calculated density value of 2.894 = greenish black material; value of 2.970 = orange material.

Crystallography of Beraunite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Space Group Setting:C2/c
Cell Parameters:a = 20.953(8) Å, b = 5.171(1) Å, c = 19.266(4) Å
β = 93.34°
Ratio:a:b:c = 4.052 : 1 : 3.726
Unit Cell Volume:V 2,083.89 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals rare and small, tabular {100}, elongated [010], striated on {100} parallel to [010]. Coarse radial-fibrous aggregates; globular; discoidal with a coarse-fibrous structure; as crusts.
Twinning:On {100}, may be interpenetrant.
Comment:Cell parameter values for greenish black material; orange material values = a = 20.646; b = 5.129, c = 19.213; β = 93.67.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
10.37 (100)
9.58 (50)
7.229 (50)
4.825 (60)
4.418 (50)
3.747 (30)
3.187 (40)
3.082 (60)
Comments:Unoxidized end-member from Palermo #1 Quarry, Groton, NH, USA; also ICDD 22-631

Optical Data of Beraunite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.707 - 1.775 nβ = 1.735 - 1.786 nγ = 1.738 - 1.820
2V:Measured: 30° to 60°, Calculated: 66°
Birefringence:0.031
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.031 - 0.045

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:relatively weak
Optical Extinction:Y^c = 1.5-5°, Z = b (unoxidized)
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Pale flesh pink, yellow, blue-green
Y = Pale flesh pink, yellow, pale olive-green
Z = Carnelian red, reddish brown, olive-green
Comments:Colors depend on state of oxidation; The low RI represents beraunite (redefined as mixed valence iron phosphate). Oxidation results in higher refractive indices and approach the original beraunite or eleonorite.

Chemical Properties of Beraunite

Formula:
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
5
 · 4H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, P

Relationship of Beraunite to other Species

Common Associates:
WavelliteVivianiteTriphyliteStrunziteStewartite
RockbridgeiteMitridatiteLimoniteLeucophosphiteLaueite
HureauliteFrondeliteFerrostrunziteFerristrunziteDufrénite
Cacoxenite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DC.05Nissonite
Cu
 
2
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DC.07Euchroite
Cu
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH) · 3H
 
2
O
8.DC.10Legrandite
Zn
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH) · H
 
2
O
8.DC.12Strashimirite
Cu
 
8
(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Arthurite
CuFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,O)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Earlshannonite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Ojuelaite
ZnFe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Whitmoreite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Cobaltarthurite
(Co,Mg)Fe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Bendadaite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15Kunatite
CuFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15UKI-2006-(PO:FeHZn)
ZnFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.15UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.17Kleemanite
ZnAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
8.DC.20Bermanite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.20Coralloite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.22Kovdorskite
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH) · 3H
 
2
O
8.DC.25Ferristrunzite
Fe
3+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DC.25Ferrostrunzite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.DC.25Metavauxite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.25Metavivianite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.DC.25Strunzite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Gordonite
MgAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Laueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Mangangordonite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Paravauxite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Pseudolaueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Sigloite
Fe
3+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 7H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Stewartite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Ushkovite
MgFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Ferrolaueite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Kastningite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Maghrebite
MgAl
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
8.DC.30Nordgauite
MnAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DC.32Tinticite
Fe
3+
5.34
(PO
 
4
)
 
3.62
(VO
 
4
)
 
0.38
(OH)
 
4
 · 6.7H
 
2
O
8.DC.35Vauxite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.DC.37Vantasselite
Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
8.DC.40Cacoxenite
Fe
3+
24
Al(PO
 
4
)
 
17
O
 
6
(OH)
 
12
 · 17H
 
2
O
8.DC.45Gormanite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DC.45Souzalite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
8.DC.47Kingite
Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
8.DC.50Wavellite
Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DC.50Allanpringite
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
8.DC.52Kribergite
Al
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DC.55Mapimite
Zn
 
2
Fe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
4
 · 10H
 
2
O
8.DC.57Ogdensburgite
Ca
 
2
Fe
3+
4
(Zn,Mn
2+
 
)(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
8.DC.60Nevadaite
(Cu
2+
 
,Al,V
3+
 
)
 
6
Al
 
8
(PO
 
4
)
 
8
F
 
8
(OH)
 
2
 · 22H
 
2
O
8.DC.60Cloncurryite
(Cu,VO)Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
 · 4.5-5H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.13.1Barbosalite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
19.13.2Strengite
FePO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.13.3Phosphosiderite
FePO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.13.4Dufrénite
Ca
 
0.5
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.13.5Giniite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
5
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.13.6Whitmoreite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.13.7Tinticite
Fe
3+
5.34
(PO
 
4
)
 
3.62
(VO
 
4
)
 
0.38
(OH)
 
4
 · 6.7H
 
2
O
19.13.8Ferristrunzite
Fe
3+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
3
 · 5H
 
2
O
19.13.9Ferrostrunzite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.13.11Vivianite
Fe
2+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.13.12Metavivianite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O

Other Names for Beraunite

Synonyms:
DufreniberauniteFerroberaunite
Other Languages:
German:Beraunit
Russian:Бераунит
Spanish:Beraunita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Other Information:Readily soluble in HCl.

Alters to limonite and alters from Vivianite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Beraunite

Reference List:

- +
Breithaupt, A. (1841) Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 156.

Breithaupt, A. (1853) Berg.- und hüttenmännisches Zeitung, Freiberg, Leipzig (merged into Glückauf): 402.

Bořický (1867) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Sitzber.: 56.

Streng (1881) Jahrbuch Min.: I: 102.

Koenig (1890) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 17: 85.

Wherry (1914) Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum: 47: 509 (as Dufreniberaunite).

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 46.

Hintze, Carl (1931) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3B]: 898.

Le Mesurier (1943) Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia: 27: 133.

Frondel, C. (1949) American Mineralogist: 34: 536.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 959-961.

Fanfani, Luca and Pier Francesco Zanazzi (1967) The crystal structure of beraunite. Acta Cryst., 22, 173–181.

Moore, P.B. (1970) Crystal chemistry of the basic iron phosphates. American Mineralogist: 55: 135–169.

Moore, P.B. and A.R. Kampf (1992) Beraunite: refinement, comparative crystal chemistry, and selected bond valences. Zeits. Krist., 201, 263–281.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 58.

Internet Links for Beraunite

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    • Localities for Beraunite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    [UKJMM 19:28]
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Wilmington
    		Mineral. Mag. 63, 735-741
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Barossa Valley
            • Angaston
          • Kapunda
    		Peter Elliott
    • Victoria
      • Castlemaine
        • Campbells Creek
    		Pat Sutton & Museum Victoria
      • South Gippsland Shire
        • Hoddle Range
          • Fish Creek
    		No reference listed
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Eisenerz
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 15-20
      • Koralpe
        • Modriach
          • Herzogberg
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Leoben
    		Josef Taucher,Mineralien des Bundeslandes Steiermark
    Belgium
     
    • Hainaut Province (Henegouwen; Hennegau)
      • Mons
        • Blaton
    		Peacor, D.R., Dunn, P.J.,Simmons,W.B. and Ramik, R.A. (1987): Ferristrunzite, a new member of the strunzite group, from Blaton, Belgium. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1987, 453-457
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce Valley
    		Mineralogical Record 24: 384-385
        • Divino das Laranjeiras
          • Linópolis
    		[MinRec 14:233]
        • Galiléia
          • Sapucaia do Norte
    		Sergio Varvello photo
    Cameroon
     
    • Adamaoua Region
      • Adamaoua Plateau (Adamawa Plateau)
    		FRANSOLET, A.-M., OUSTRIERE, P., FONTAN, F. & PILLARD, F. (1984) La mantiennéite, une nouvelle espèce minérale du gisement de vivianite d'Anloua, Cameroun. Bulletin de Minéralogie 107, 737-744.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Beroun (Beraun)
          • Svatá Dobrotivá (St Benigna)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960; Canadian Mineralogist (1989): 27: 441.
        • Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg)
    		Povondra, P., Pivec, E. (eds.) et al.: Přibyslavice peraluminuous granite. Acta universitatis carolinae, Geologica, 1987, no. 3, s . 183 – 283.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
    		No reference listed
          • Krásno (Schönfeld)
    		Petr Pauliš (2000): Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kutná Hora; Sejkora, J., Škoda, R., Ondruš, P., Beran, P. & Susser, C. (2006): Mineralogy of phosphate accumulations in the Huber stock, Krásno ore district, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 103-147.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Poběžovice (Ronsperg; Ronsberg; Ronsperk)
          • Otov
    		Čech F., Staněk J., Dávidová Š. (1981): Minerály pegmatitů. - in: Bernard J.H. [ed.]: Mineralogie Československa. Academia, Praha.
        • Rokycany (Rokitzan; Rokytzan)
    		Janouš, F.: Minerály z Kněží hory u Těškova (okres Rokycany), Minerál, 1995, roč. 3, č. 6, s. 367-369.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Vysočina Region
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Staněk, J.: Parageneze minerálů pegmatitových žil z Hatí u Dolních Borů na západní Moravě. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. nat., vol. 76, pages 19-49.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet collections (visual ID)
    Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25.
    • Brittany
      • Morbihan
        • Plumelin
    		Le Roc'h P., Bocianowski M. ((2001), La carrière de la Lande, Plumelin (Morbihan), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°72, pp: 7-10
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
    		BERBAIN,C., RILEY, T., FAVREAU, G., (2012)Phosphates des pegmatites du massif des Albères (Pyrénées-Orientales), 117, 121-172, le Cahier des Micromonteurs, Association Française de Micromineralogie
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Tarn
        • Castelnau-de-Brassac
          • Fumade
    		PIERROT R., PICOT P., FORTUNE J.-P. & TOLLON F. (1976) Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 6 : Tarn, BRGM ed., 27. (in french)
    Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 521.
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Walenta, K. (1992): Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 336 pp. (in German)
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Zwiesel
            • Rabenstein
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960; Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Auerbach
    		Stanjek, H. (1983): Auerbach/Oberpfalz. Phosphatmineralien aus der Grube Leonie. Lapis 8 (3), 9-18; 42. (in German)
          • Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 772, 803, 960.
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Plößberg
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.; Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
    DILL, H.G., MELCHER, F., GERDES, A. and WEBER, B. (2008): The origin and zoning of hypogene and supergene Fe-Mn-Mg-Sc-U-REE-Zn phosphate mineralization from the newly discovered Trutzhofmühle aplite (Hagendorf pegmatite province, Germany). Canadian Mineralogist 46, 1131-1157.
            • Waidhaus
    		H.G. Dill, A. Gerdes, B. Weber, Age and mineralogy of supergene uranium minerals — Tools to unravel geomorphological and palaeohydrological processes in granitic terrains (Bohemian Massif, SE Germany), Geomorphology 117 (2010) 44–65
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Sulzbach-Rosenberg
    		Andreas Gerstenberg collection
    Andreas Gerstenberg photo & specimen
    • Hesse
      • Wetzlar
        • Rodheim-Bieber
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.
        • Waldgirmes
    		Dana 6: 797, 823; Dana 7:II:874, 960.
        • Weilburg
          • Essershausen
    		Müller, H.D. and Legner, M. (2012) Rhodochrosit und Phosphatmineralien aus der Grube "Fritz" bei Essershausen. Lapis, 37, #6, 45-47.
    Blaß, G. (2002): Eine neue Phosphatmineralien-Paragenese von der Grube Mark bei Essershausen, mittleres Lahngebiet, Taunus. Mineralien-Welt, 13 (6), 18-43. (in German); Blaß, G. & Möhn, G. (2010): Neue Mineralien von der Grube Mark bei Essershausen im Taunus. Mineralien-Welt 21 (2), 26-29.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Arnsberg
          • Uentrop
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Wuppertal
        • Aprath castle
    		Emser Hefte 1988(4), 35-40
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Annaberg District
    		Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 960.
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
          • Rengersdorf
    		T. Witzke & T. Giesler (1997): Neufunde aus Sachsen (VI): Churchit-(Y), Cyrilovit, Faustit, Kidwellit, Meurigit und Nickelhexahydrit aus der Lausitz.- Lapis 22, 9, 36-38
      • Vogtland
        • Auerbach
          • Wildenau
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Bredstedt
        • Joldelund
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    • Thuringia
      • Vogtland
        • Hirschberg
          • Ullersreuth
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Lapis, 26 (12), page 13-27
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Upponyi Mts.
        • Dédestapolcsány
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
        • Nekézseny
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Cork
      • Glandore
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villa San Pietro
    		Orlandi, P. (2011) : Zibaldone di mineralogia italiana 2010. Micro, 1/2011, 39 - 42.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol
            • Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine)
    		C. Garavelli, F. Quagliarella, 1967 - Beraunite di Rio Marina (Isola d'Elba). - Per. Miner., 36: 1041-1053.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Kasumigaura City
            • Chiyoda-machi
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
      • Kinki region
        • Hyogo Prefecture
          • Kobe city
    		S. Matsubara (2000) Vivianite nodules and secondary phosphates in Pliocene-Pleistocene clay deposits from Hime-shima, Oita Prefecture and Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Western Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 33.
    S. Matsubara (2000) Vivianite nodules and secondary phosphates in Pliocene-Pleistocene clay deposits from Hime-shima, Oita Prefecture and Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Western Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo), 33.
    Mali
     
    • Sikasso Region
    		Gineste, C. (2012): N'golokasso, une occurrence de phosphates dans le Sud Mali. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 110-120
    Morocco
     
    • Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz Region
      • El Kelaâ des Sraghna Province
        • Sidi Bou Othmane
    		Favreau, G. (2012): Deux pegmatites à phosphates de Sidi Bou Othmane (Maroc). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 71-109
    Favreau, G. (2012): Deux pegmatites à phosphates de Sidi Bou Othmane (Maroc). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 71-109
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		Favreau, G. (2012): Les minéralisations à phosphates de la pegmatite d'Angarf-Sud (Maroc).Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 3-2012, 3-70.
    Netherlands
     
    • Drenthe
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Gouveia
        • Folgosinho
    		Pedro Alves collection
      • Sabugal
        • Bendada
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    Pedro Alves collection
    • Viana do Castelo District
      • Caminha
        • Arga de Baixo/Arga de Cima
      • Ponte da Barca
        • Touvedo
    		Self-find by Nuno Afonso; optical and XRD analysed
      • Ponte de Lima
        • Moreira do Lima
    • Viseu District
      • Mangualde
        • Chãs de Tavares
    		António Joaquim Monteiro
    Marzoni Fecia di Cossato Y., Orlandi P., Pasero M.(1989): Manganese-bearing beraunite from Mangualde, Portugal: mineral data and structure refinement. Can. Mineral., 27, 441-446.
    Mineralien Atlas
      • Vila Nova de Paiva
        • Queiriga
          • Lagares do Estanho mines
    		Rui Nunes collection
    Russia
     
    • Central Region
      • Moscow Oblast' (Moskovskaya Oblast')
    		Pekin, A. (2011) Minerals of Moscow. Russian Journal of General Chemistry. Jun2011, Vol. 81 Issue 6, p1381-1391.
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Minas de Horcajo
    		Sáinz de Baranda, B., Palero, F.J., García, G. (2004): El Horcajo, las piromorfitas más famosas del mundo. Bocamina, 13, 32-68.
    • Castile and Leon
      • Zamora
        • Villar del Buey
          • Pinilla de Fermoselle
    • Catalonia
      • Barcelona
        • Baix Llobregat
          • Gavà
            • Bruguers
    		Bareche, E (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Grup Mineralògic Català, Barcelona, 269 p.
        • Vallès Occidental
          • Montcada i Reixac
    		Rosell, J. & Garrido, J.L. (2006) The minerals of Montcada Hill Quarry. Mineral Up, 2006/2, 16-20.
    • Extremadura
      • Cáceres
        • Zarza la Mayor
    		Viñals, J. and Calvo, M. (2011). Secondary phosphates of La Paloma mine, Zarza la Mayor, Cáceres, Spain. Mineral Up 2 (5), 8-31.
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Kiruna
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.
      • Kiruna district
        • Svappavaara
    		Bjällerud, C-G. (1989): Phospate minerals from the Leveäniemi Iron Mine, Svappavaara, Sweden. Mineralogical Record. 20(5):343-346; Augsten, R. (2009): Lapis 34, 20-23.
    Switzerland
     
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Lago Maggiore
        • Brissago
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 71
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Kea
            • Baldhu
    		Hall, T.M. (1868): The Mineralogist's Directory. Edward Stanford (London), 168 pp.; Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), 108 pp.
        • Liskeard District
          • Linkinhorne
            • Minions
    		No reference listed
        • St Agnes District
          • Perranzabuloe
            • Perran Iron Lode (Great Perran Iron Lode)
    		No reference listed
        • St Austell District
          • Treverbyn
            • Stenalees
    		M Kampf collection
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Coombe Height
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Calhoun Co.
        • Jacksonville
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333; Barwood, H. & Hajek, B. (1978): Notes of Some New Occurences in Alabama. Mineralogical Record. 9: 388-391
    Rocks & Min.: 58:57-62.
      • Cherokee Co.
    		Rob Lavinsky
    Min.Rec.:20(5):361; Rocks & Min.: 64:203.
    Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
        • Rock Run
          • Wolfden Mountain
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Coosa Co.
        • Rockford District
          • Two Bit pegmatite
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Shelby Co.
        • Alabaster
    		Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:235-236
      • Tuscaloosa Co.
        • Woodstock
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
    		Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 30.
    • Arkansas
      • Garland Co.
        • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
          • Union Carbide Mine
    		R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
      • Independence Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125
      • Montgomery Co.
        • North Mountain
    		Rocks & Min.: 63:113; 64:294; Sick (1984).
      • Polk Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125
        • Shady
    		Rocks & Min.:63:118.
    Am Min 51:1811-1814
    Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125
        • Three Oaks Gap
    		Rocks & Minerals: 63: 120.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • East Hampton
    		Januzzi (1976) p.234-5.
    AmMin 53:2096
      • Polk Co.
        • Central Florida Phosphate District (Bone Valley)
          • Homeland
    		Denicourt, R., Micromounters of New England program, NE meeting program, May 1984; Marc V. Hurst (2012) Central Florida Phosphate District. Southeastern Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook No. 57
          • Noralyn/Phosphoria Mines (IMC-Agrico)
    		Marc V. Hurst (2012) Central Florida Phosphate District. Southeastern Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook No. 57
    Marc V. Hurst (2012) Central Florida Phosphate District. Southeastern Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook No. 57
    Am Min 53:2096-2101
    • Georgia
      • Polk Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp161-165
    • Maine
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Town of Baldwin
          • West Baldwin
    		Thompson, W.B., et,al., 2000, Rocks & Minerals, vol. 75, no. 6, pgs 408-418
      • Oxford Co.
        • Greenwood
          • Uncle Tom Mountain
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al. 1998; Mineral News (1995) 11:2 pp1,2,5
        • Newry
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed.), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
    King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1; King, V. (ed), 2000, Mineralogy of Maine, V. 2.
        • Paris
    		King, V. T. and Foord, E. E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, Descriptive Mineralogy, volume 1, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA, pp. 418 + 88 plates. "Maine Mineral Localites, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al. , 1998
        • Rumford
    		Scott Soucey and Tim Blake
    King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol.1, p.264.
        • Stoneham
    		No reference listed
    "Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
        • Butte District (Summit Valley District)
          • Butte
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		Dr. William S. Wise presentation to Northwest Micro Mineral Study Group on 1 May 2004, Update on Mineralogy of the Silver Coin Mine, Iron Point District, Edna Mountains, Humboldt Co., Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Walpole
    		P. Cristofono, T. Mortimer, J.W. Nizamoff, A. Wilken, and R. Wilken (2011) The 38th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 14-17, 2011, lecture abstracts, page 17-18.
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Wilken, B. in Crystals and Cabs Vol. 7 , No. 3.
    Rocks & Minerals: 80: 252.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.; Mineralogical Record (1973) 4:103-130; NIZAMOFF, James W., SIMMONS, William B., and FALSTER, Alexander U. (2004) PHOSPHATE MINERALOGY AND PARAGENESIS OF THE PALERMO #2 PEGMATITE, NORTH GROTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115
    Rocks & Min., May 1999.; Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 115
    • New Jersey
      • Gloucester Co.
        • Harrison Township
    		Henderson, Wm. A. (1980): Mullica Hill, New Jersey. Mineralogical Record 11, 307-311
      • Monmouth Co.
        • Upper Freehold Township
          • Arneytown
    		C.G.Segeler (personal communication)
      • Morris Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996, p.141
          • Santa Rita
    		Min. Mag. 60:787-793.; Rocks & Minerals 84:492-500
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1985) 60:76-82; Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook 1981, 39-48
      • Gaston Co.
        • Bessemer City
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:89.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Mount Holly Springs
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960; Mineralogical Record: 11: 311.
      • Northampton Co.
        • Lower Saucon Township
          • Hellertown
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 960; Mineralogical Record (1980): 11(Sep-Oct): 311.
      • Snyder Co.
    		Min. Col. PA; Geyer, Smith & Barnes; Pgs. 201-202
    • South Carolina
      • Cherokee Co.
        • Kings Creek District
          • Kings Creek Mine
    		Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp173-175
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Mineralogical Record: 17: 237-254; Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
          • Pringle
            • Cicero Peak
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Keystone
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    • Tennessee
      • Wayne Co.
        • Iron City
    		Travis A. Paris (2011) Tennessee mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 86, #4, 300-328.
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