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Berzeliite

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Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© 1995-2001 Trinity Mineral Co.

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Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
System:IsometricColour:Yellow, Orange, ...
Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, GreasyHardness:4½ - 5
Member of:Garnet Structural Group
Name:
Named by O. Kuhn in 1840 for Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (1779-1848), discoverer of Ce, Se, Si, Zr, Ti, and Th as well as elements he provided to his students for description. Devised the chemical symbols. Father of analytical chemistry.
Isostructural with:Garnet Structural Group


Berzeliite-Manganberzeliite Series. The Mg analogue of Manganberzeliite. Structurally related to Palenzonaite and to the Garnet Group of silicates.

Classification of Berzeliite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.08-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AC.25

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:38.2.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:38.2.1.1

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.8.17

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Berzeliite

Type Locality:Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1840
Geological Setting of type material:Metamorphosed Fe-Mn ore.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
ManganophylliteHausmanniteCaryinite

Physical Properties of Berzeliite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Yellow, Orange, colorless, brownish-orange; colorless to orange in transmitted light.
Streak:Nearly white to yellow-orange
Hardness (Mohs):4½ - 5
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.08 - 4.27 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.068 g/cm3
Comment:Value range is Mg end member to midway point of the series. Mg-rich = 3.84

Crystallography of Berzeliite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Ia3d {I41/a 3 2/d}
Space Group Setting:Ia3d
Cell Parameters:a = 12.355(2) Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,885.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Crystals very rare, as trapezohedrons with small modifying faces. Commonly massive or as rounded grains.
Comment:AC B (1976) 32: 1581 structure
Crystal Atlas:
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Berzeliite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
5.03 (60)
3.30 (50)
3.09 (60)
2.75 (100)
2.63 (60)
2.52 (60)
1.712 (70)
1.648 (70)

Optical Data of Berzeliite

Type:Isotropic
RI values: n = 1.702 - 1.748
Birefringence:May show weak anomalous birefringence.
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:High
Pleochroism:Non-pleochroic

Chemical Properties of Berzeliite

Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
Essential elements:As, Ca, Mg, Na, O
All elements listed in formula:As, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, O

Relationship of Berzeliite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Manganberzeliite (see here)
Member of:Garnet Structural Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Almandine
Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Andradite
Ca
 
3
Fe
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(SnAl)
Ca
 
3
SbSn(AlO
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(SnFe)
Ca
 
3
SbSn(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
3
Bitikleite-(ZrFe)
Ca
 
3
SbZr(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
3
Blythite
Mn
2+
3
Mn
3+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Goldmanite
Ca
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Grossular
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Henritermierite
Ca
 
3
(Mn
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
Irinarassite
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
Al
 
2
SiO
 
12
Katoite
Ca
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3-x
(OH)
 
4x
Kerimasite
Ca
 
3
Zr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
Kimzeyite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
((Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Knorringite
Mg
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Majorite
Mg
 
3
(Fe
2+
 
,Si,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Menzerite-(Y)
{(Y,REE)(Ca,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
}[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]
 
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
Momoiite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
V
3+
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Morimotoite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Palenzonaite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
Pyrope
Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
Schorlomite
Ca
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
Skiagite
Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
[SiO
 
4
]
 
3
Spessartine
Mn
2+
3
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Toturite
Ca
 
3
Sn
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(Fe
3+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
Uvarovite
Ca
 
3
Cr
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
Yafsoanite
Ca
 
3
Zn
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.AC.05Howardevansite
NaCuFe
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Alluaudite
(Na,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Arseniopleite
NaCaMn
2+
 
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Caryinite
(Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Ferroalluaudite
(Na,Ca)Fe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Hagendorfite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Johillerite
Na(Mg,Zn)
 
3
Cu(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Maghagendorfite
NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Nickenichite
Na
 
0.8
Ca
 
0.4
Cu
 
0.4
(Mg,Fe)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Varulite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Ferrohagendorfite
NaCaFe
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Bradaczekite
NaCu
 
4
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.10Yazganite
NaFe
3+
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
8.AC.10Groatite
NaCaMn
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.15Bobfergusonite
Na
 
2
Mn
 
5
FeAl(PO
 
4
)
 
6
8.AC.15Ferrowyllieite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Qingheiite
NaMn
3+
 
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Rosemaryite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)(Fe
3+
 
,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Wyllieite
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Ferrorosemaryite
◻NaFe
2+
 
Fe
3+
 
Al(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.15Qingheiite-(Fe2+)
Na
 
2
Fe
2+
 
MgAl(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.18Manitobaite
Na
 
16
Mn
2+
 
 
25
Al
 
8
(PO
 
4
)
 
30
8.AC.20Marićite
NaFe
2+
 
(PO
 
4
)
8.AC.25Manganberzeliite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.25Palenzonaite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.25Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.30Brianite
Na
 
2
CaMg(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.35Vitusite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
(Ce,La,Nd)(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.40Olgite
(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)
 
2
Na(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.40Bario-olgite
(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)
 
2
Na(PO
 
4
)
 
2
 ·
8.AC.45Strontiowhitlockite
Sr
 
9
Mg(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
)
8.AC.45Whitlockite
Ca
 
9
Mg(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
)
8.AC.45Merrillite
Ca
 
9
NaMg(PO
 
4
)
 
7
8.AC.45Tuite
Ca
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.45Ferromerrillite
Ca
 
9
NaFe
2+
 
(PO
 
4
)
 
7
8.AC.45Bobdownsite
Ca
 
9
Mg(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(PO
 
3
F)
8.AC.50Chladniite
{Ca}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Fillowite
{Mn
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Johnsomervilleite
{Ca}{Na
 
6
[ ]
 
2
}{Ca
 
6
Na
 
2
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Galileiite
{Fe
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Fe
2+
4
Na
 
4
}{Fe
2+
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Stornesite-(Y)
{(Y, Ca)}{Na
 
6
◻
 
2
}{(Ca,Na)
 
8
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}(PO
 
4
)
 
36
8.AC.50Xenophyllite
Na
 
4
Fe
2+
7
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
8.AC.55Harrisonite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.60Kosnarite
KZr
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
8.AC.65Panethite
(Na,Ca)
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
8.AC.70Stanfieldite
Ca
 
7
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
9
(PO
 
4
)
 
12
8.AC.75Ronneburgite
K
 
2
MnV
 
4
O
 
12
8.AC.80Tillmannsite
(Ag
 
3
Hg)(VO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
8.AC.85Filatovite
K(Al,Zn)
 
2
(As,Si)
 
2
O
 
8
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
20.8.1Sarkinite
Mn
2+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.8.2Eveite
Mn
2+
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
20.8.3Arsenoclasite
Mn
2+
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
20.8.4Flinkite
Mn
2+
2
Mn
3+
 
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
20.8.5Jarosewichite
Mn
2+
3
Mn
3+
 
(AsO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
20.8.6Allactite
Mn
2+
7
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
20.8.7Krautite
Mn(HAsO
 
4
) · H
 
2
O
20.8.8Synadelphite
Mn
2+
9
(As
5+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
9
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.8.9Sterlinghillite
Mn
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.8.10Geigerite
Mn
2+
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
20.8.11Akrochordite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.8.12Manganohörnesite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
20.8.13Fluckite
CaMn
2+
 
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.8.14Brandtite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.8.15Parabrandtite
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
20.8.16Wallkilldellite-(Mn)
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 9H
 
2
O
20.8.18Manganberzeliite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
20.8.19Magnesiochlorophoenicite
(Mg,Mn)
 
3
Zn
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)(OH,O)
 
6
20.8.20Villyaellenite
MnMn
 
2
Ca
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(HAsO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
20.8.21Hematolite
(Mn,Mg,Al)
 
15
(As
5+
 
O
 
4
)
 
2
(As
3+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
23
20.8.22Grischunite
NaCa
 
2
Mn
2+
5
Fe
3+
 
(AsO
 
4
)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
38.2.1.2Manganberzeliite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
38.2.1.3Palenzonaite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
CaMn
2+
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3
38.2.1.4Schäferite
Ca
 
2
NaMg
 
2
(VO
 
4
)
 
3

Other Names for Berzeliite

Synonyms:
Berzeliite (of Kühn)Berzelite (of Haidinger)KühniteMagnesian PharmacoliteMg-Berzeliite
Natron-berzeliitePseudoberzeliiteSoda Berzeliite
Other Languages:
French:Chaux arseniatée anhydre
German:Berzeliit
Berzelit
Kühnit
Magnesium-berzeliit
Russian:Берцелиит
Spanish:Berzeliita
Kühnita
Swedish:Dubbelbrytande Berzeliit

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Other Information:Readily soluble in HNO3 or HCl.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Berzeliite

Reference List:

- +
Kühn (1840) Ann. Chem. Pharm.: 34: 211 (as Berzeliit).

Dana J.D. (1844) System of Mineralogy, 2nd. Edition, New York: 239 (as Magnesian Pharmacolite).

Dufrénoy, A. (1844-1847) Traité de minéralogie (as Chaux arseniatée anhydre).

Haidinger, Wm. (1845): 495 (as Berzelit).

Brooke, H.J. and Miller, W.H. (1852) Introduction to Mineralogy by Wm. Phillips, London, 1823. New edition by Brooke and Miller. 8vo, London: 481 (as Kühnite).

Lindgren (1881) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 5: 552 (as Dubbelbrytande Berzeliit).

Lindgren (1884) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 7: 291 (as Pseudoberzeliite).

Igelström (1886) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 9: 218 (on pyrrhoarsenite).

Igelström (1889) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 49.

Sjögren (1895) Bull. Geol. Inst. Upsala: 2: 92 (as Soda Berzeliite).

Bäckström (1896) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 26: 102 (as Natron-berzeliite).

Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 1: 191.

Doelter, C. (1914) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 3 [1]: 635, 639.

Hintze, Carl (1922) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 214.

Landergren (1930) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 52: 123.

Machatschki, F. (1930): IX. Berzeliit, ein Arsenat vom Formel- und Strukturtypus Granat (X3Y2z3O12). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 73, 123-140. (in German)

Machatschki, F. (1930): Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 74: 230.

Bubeck, W. (1934) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 56: 526 (as Magnesium-berzeliit).

Bubeck, W. and Machatschki, F. (1935): The crystal structure of berzeliite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 90, 44-50.

McConnell (1942) American Mineralogist: 27: 452.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 681-683.

Blix, R. and Wickman, F. E. (1960): The mineral berzeliite. Arkiv Mineral. Geol. 2, 417-424.

Ito, J. (1968): Synthesis of the berzeliite (Ca2NaMg2As3O12)-manganese berzeliite (Ca2NaMn2As3O12) series (arsenate garnet). Am. Mineral. 53, 316-319.

Hawthorne, F. C. (1976). Refinement of the crystal structure of berzeliite. Acta Cryst., B32, 1581-1583.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 65.

Internet Links for Berzeliite

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    • Localities for Berzeliite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Corsaglia Valley
          • Montaldo di Mondovì
            • Borgata Oberti
              • Frazze and Rocconi localities
    		Piccoli, G.C., Kolitsch, U., Blaß, G., Ciriotti, M.E. (2007): Berzeliite di Montaldo di Mondovì: prima segnalazione italiana. Micro (UK report), 1/2007, 49-54. Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Cadoni, M., Armellino, G., Piccoli, G.C., Ambrino, P., Blass, G., Odicino, G., Ciuffardi, M. (2011): Montaldo di Mondovì Minerali della miniera di manganese e ferro. Micro, 9, 4-21.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Atasu
    		Kayupova, M. M. (1963): Mineralogy of the Dzhumart iron-manganese deposit. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya, 1963 (6), 57-80.
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		[MinRec 19:295, 10:216-217]; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    Adolfsson, S. G. (1979): Notes on Recent Underground Collecting at Långban. Mineralogical Record. 10: 215-217
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 683.
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 683.
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
        • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		Graeser, S., Schwander, H., Suhner, B. (1998): Grischunit (CaMn2(AsO4)2), eine neue Mineralart aus den Schweizer Alpen. Zur Mn-As-Mineralisation des Oberhalbstein- Gebietes (I). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 64(1-2), 1-10.
    Venezuela
     
    • Miranda
    		Urbani, 1997. Bol. Soc. Venezolana de Espeleología, no.30.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2013. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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