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Berzeliite

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Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© 1995-2001 Trinity Mineral Co.

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Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
[AsO
 
4
]
 
3
System:IsometricColour:Yellow, Orange, ...
Lustre:ResinousHardness:4½ - 5
Name:For Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (1779-1848)


Berzeliite-Manganberzeliite Series. The Mg analogue of Manganberzeliite. Structurally related to Palenzonaite and to the Garnet Group of silicates.

Classification of Berzeliite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/A.08-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.AC.25

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th edition ID:38.2.1.1
Dana 8th edition ID:38.2.1.1

38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
Hey's CIM Ref.:20.8.17

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Berzeliite

Type Locality:Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1840
Geological Setting of type material:Metamorphosed Fe-Mn ore.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
ManganophylliteHausmanniteCaryinite

Physical Properties of Berzeliite

Lustre:Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Yellow, Orange, colorless, brownish-orange; colourless to orange in transmitted light.
Streak:Nearly white to yellow-orange
Hardness (Mohs):4½ - 5
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.08 - 4.27 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.068 g/cm3
Comment:Value range is Mg end member to midway point of the series.

Crystallography of Berzeliite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Ia3d (I41/a 3 2/d)
Cell Parameters:a = 12.355(2) Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,885.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Crystals rare, as trapezohedrons with small modifying faces. Commonly massive or as rounded grains.
Crystal Atlas:
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Berzeliite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Berzeliite

Type:Isotropic
RI values: n = 1.707 - 1.748
Birefringence:May show weak anomalous birefringence.
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000 - Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:High

Chemical Properties of Berzeliite

Formula:
NaCa
 
2
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
[AsO
 
4
]
 
3
Essential elements:As, Ca, Mg, O
All elements listed in formula:As, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, O

Relationship of Berzeliite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Manganberzeliite (see here)
Related to:
  • Garnet Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    8.AC.05Howardevansite
    NaCuFe
     
    2
    		(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Alluaudite
    (Na,Ca)Mn
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Arseniopleite
    NaCaMn
    2+
     
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Caryinite
    (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)((Ca,Mn
    2+
     
    		)(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.AC.10Ferroalluaudite
    (Na,Ca)Fe
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Hagendorfite
    NaCaMn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    2+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Johillerite
    Na(Mg,Zn)
     
    3
    		Cu[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.AC.10Maghagendorfite
    NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Nickenichite
    Na
     
    0.8
    		Ca
     
    0.4
    		Cu
     
    0.4
    		(Mg,Fe)
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Varulite
    NaCaMn
    2+
     
    		Mn
    2+
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Ferrohagendorfite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Bradaczekite
    NaCu
     
    4
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.10Yazganite
    NaFe
    3+
    2
    		(Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.AC.10Ferro-alluaudite
    8.AC.15Bobfergusonite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mn
     
    5
    		FeAl(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    8.AC.15Ferrowyllieite
    (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.15Qingheiite
    NaMn
    3+
     
    		Mg(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.AC.15Rosemaryite
    (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg)Al(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.15Wyllieite
    (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.15Ferrorosemaryite
    []NaFe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		Al(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.20Marićite
    NaFe
    2+
     
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.AC.25Manganberzeliite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.AC.25Palenzonaite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		CaMn
    2+
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.AC.25Schäferite
    Ca
     
    2
    		NaMg
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    8.AC.30Brianite
    Na
     
    2
    		CaMg[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.AC.35Vitusite-(Ce)
    Na
     
    3
    		(Ce,La,Nd)(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    8.AC.40Olgite
    Ba(NaSr)
     
    2
    		Na[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.AC.40Bario-olgite
    Ba(Na,Sr,REE)
     
    2
    		Na[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.AC.45Strontiowhitlockite
    Sr
     
    9
    		MgH[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    7
    8.AC.45Whitlockite
    Ca
     
    9
    		Mg[PO
     
    3
    		OH][PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    6
    8.AC.45Merrillite
    Ca
     
    18
    		Na
     
    2
    		Mg
    2+
    2
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    14
    8.AC.45Tuite
    Ca
     
    3
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.AC.45Ferromerrillite
    Ca
     
    9
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Na[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    7
    8.AC.50Chladniite
    {Ca}{Na
     
    8
    		}{Ca
     
    4
    		Na
     
    4
    		}{(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    8.AC.50Fillowite
    {Mn
    2+
     
    		}{Na
     
    8
    		}{Ca
     
    4
    		Na
     
    4
    		}{(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    8.AC.50Johnsomervilleite
    {Ca}{Na
     
    6
    		[ ]
     
    2
    		}{Ca
     
    6
    		Na
     
    2
    		}{(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    8.AC.50Galileiite
    {Fe
    2+
     
    		}{Na
     
    8
    		}{Fe
    2+
    4
    		Na
     
    4
    		}{Fe
    2+
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    8.AC.50Stornesite-(Y)
    {(Y, Ca)}{Na
     
    6
    		[ ]
     
    2
    		}{(Ca,Na)
     
    8
    		}{(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    43
    		}[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    36
    8.AC.50IMA2006-006
    Na
     
    4
    		Fe
    2+
    7
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    6
    8.AC.55Harrisonite
    Ca(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    6
    		[PO
     
    4
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.AC.60Kosnarite
    KZr
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    8.AC.65Panethite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    2
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    8.AC.70Stanfieldite
    Ca
     
    7
    		Ca
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    9
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    12
    8.AC.75Ronneburgite
    K
     
    2
    		MnV
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    8.AC.80Tillmannsite
    (Ag
     
    3
    		Hg)[(VO
     
    4
    		, AsO
     
    4
    		)]
    8.AC.85Filatovite
    K[(Al,Zn)
     
    2
    		(As,Si)
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    20.8.1Sarkinite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    20.8.2Eveite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    20.8.3Arsenoclasite
    Mn
    2+
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    20.8.4Flinkite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		Mn
    3+
     
    		AsO
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    4
    20.8.5Jarosewichite
    Mn
     
    3
    		MnAsO
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    6
    20.8.6Allactite
    Mn
    2+
    7
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    8
    20.8.7Krautite
    MnHAsO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.8Synadelphite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH)
     
    9
    		|As
    3+
     
    		O
     
    3
    		|(As
    5+
     
    		O
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.9Sterlinghillite
    Mn
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.10Geigerite
    Mn
     
    5
    		[HAsO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 10H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.11Akrochordite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.12Manganohörnesite
    (Mn,Mg)
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.13Fluckite
    CaMnH
     
    2
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.14Brandtite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.15Parabrandtite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.16Wallkilldellite-Mn
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mn
    2+
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 9H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.18Manganberzeliite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    20.8.19Magnesiochlorophoenicite
    (Mg,Mn)
     
    3
    		Zn
     
    2
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)(OH,O)
     
    6
    20.8.20Villyaellenite
    (Mn,Ca,Zn)
     
    5
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		[AsO
     
    3
    		(OH)]
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    20.8.21Hematolite
    (Mn,Mg,Al)
     
    15
    		(AsO
     
    3
    		)(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    23
    20.8.22Grischunite
    NaCa
     
    2
    		Mn
    2+
    5
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    6
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):
    38.2.1.2Manganberzeliite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    38.2.1.3Palenzonaite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		CaMn
    2+
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    38.2.1.4Schäferite
    Ca
     
    2
    		NaMg
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3

    Other Names for Berzeliite

    Synonyms:
    Berzeliite (of Kühn)Berzelite (of Haidinger)KühniteMagnesian PharmacoliteMg-Berzeliite
    Natron-berzeliitePseudoberzeliiteSoda Berzeliite
    French names:
    Chaux arseniatée anhydre
    German names:
    BerzeliitBerzelitKühnitMagnesium-berzeliit
    Russian names:
    Берцелиит
    Spanish names:
    BerzeliitaKühnita
    Swedish names:
    Dubbelbrytande Berzeliit

    Other Information

    Other Information:Readily soluble in HNO3 or HCl.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Berzeliite

    Reference List:Kühn (1840) Ann. Chem. Pharm.: 34: 211 (as Berzeliit).

    Dana J.D. (1844) System of Mineralogy, 2nd. Edition, New York: 239 (as Magnesian Pharmacolite).

    Dufrénoy, A. (1844-1847) Traité de minéralogie (as Chaux arseniatée anhydre).

    Haidinger, Wm. (1845): 495 (as Berzelit).

    Brooke, H.J. and Miller, W.H. (1852) Introduction to Mineralogy by Wm. Phillips, London, 1823. New edition by Brooke and Miller. 8vo, London: 481 (as Kühnite).

    Lindgren (1881) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 5: 552 (as Dubbelbrytande Berzeliit).

    Lindgren (1884) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 7: 291 (as Pseudoberzeliite).

    Igelström (1886) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 9: 218 (on pyrrhoarsenite).

    Igelström (1889) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 49.

    Sjögren (1895) Bull. Geol. Inst. Upsala: 2: 92 (as Soda Berzeliite).

    Bäckström (1896) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 26: 102 (as Natron-berzeliite).

    Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 1: 191.

    Doelter, C. (1914) Handbuch der Mineral-chemie (in 4 volumes divided into parts): 3 [1]: 635, 639.

    Hintze, Carl (1922) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 214.

    Landergren (1930) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 52: 123.

    Machatschki, F. (1930): IX. Berzeliit, ein Arsenat vom Formel- und Strukturtypus Granat (X3Y2z3O12). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 73, 123-140. (in German)

    Machatschki, F. (1930): Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 74: 230.

    Bubeck, W. (1934) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 56: 526 (as Magnesium-berzeliit).

    Bubeck, W. and Machatschki, F. (1935): The crystal structure of berzeliite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 90, 44-50.

    McConnell (1942) American Mineralogist: 27: 452.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 681-683.

    Blix, R. and Wickman, F. E. (1960): The mineral berzeliite. Arkiv Mineral. Geol. 2, 417-424.

    Ito, J. (1968): Synthesis of the berzeliite (Ca2NaMg2As3O12)-manganese berzeliite (Ca2NaMn2As3O12) series (arsenate garnet). Am. Mineral. 53, 316-319.

    Hawthorne, F. C. (1976). Refinement of the crystal structure of berzeliite. Acta Cryst., B32, 1581-1583.

    Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 65.

    Internet Links for Berzeliite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Berzeliite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Berzeliite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Berzeliite

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    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Corsaglia Valley
          • Montaldo di Mondovì
            • Borgata Oberti
    		Piccoli, G.C., Kolitsch, U., Blaß, G., Ciriotti, M.E. (2007): Berzeliite di Montaldo di Mondovì: prima segnalazione italiana. Micro (UK report), 1/2007, 49-54.
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		[MinRec 19:295, 10:216-217]; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 683.
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 683.
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass)
          • Tinizong (Tinzen)
    		Graeser, S., Schwander, H., Suhner, B. (1998): Grischunit (CaMn2(AsO4)2), eine neue Mineralart aus den Schweizer Alpen. Zur Mn-As-Mineralisation des Oberhalbstein- Gebietes (I). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 64(1-2), 1-10.
    Venezuela
     
    • Miranda
    		Urbani, 1997. Bol. Soc. Venezolana de Espeleología, no.30.
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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