Biotite

Mabubas Pegmatite, Mabubas, Ambriz City Council, Bengo Province, Angola
© Martins da Pedra

Lustre:		Hardness:	2½ - 3
Name:	Named after the French physicist, Jean Baptiste Biot (1774 - 1862), who studied the optical properties of the micas.
Synonym of:	Annite, Eastonite, Phlogopite, Siderophyllite

Mica Group. Biotite-Phlogopite Series.
The micas on the biotite end of the series, including Annite, Fluorannite, Tetra-ferri-annite, Siderophyllite.

The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for a series including Phlogopite, Siderophyllite, Annite and Eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name.

Also used as a generic field term for dark micas.

Classification of Biotite

IMA status:

Discredited 1999

Explanation of status:

The CNMMN Subcommittee on Nomenclature of the Micas (1998, 1999) has recommended that the name biotite be used for a series including phlogopite, siderophyllite, annite and eastonite, and is therefore no longer to be regarded as a species name.

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:

9..

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
:
:

Dana 8th edition ID:

71.2.2b.2

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers

mindat.org URL:

http://www.mindat.org/min-677.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Physical Properties of Biotite

Streak:

White

Hardness (Mohs):

2½ - 3

Density (measured):

2.7 - 3.3 g/cm³

Crystallography of Biotite

Crystal Atlas:

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Biotite no.7 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

The 3d models and java code are kindly provided by www.smorf.nl. You can control the movement of the models by holding down the left mouse-button over the 3d model and moving your mouse. Keyboard controls are:

: default positions

t/T	: decrease/increase transparency	x/X	: next/previous texture
b/B	: next/previous background	w	: toggle wireframe
s	: toggle sticks	m	: toggle miller indices
k	: toggle crystallographic axes	=/-	: zoom in/out
r	: stop/start rotation	1/2/3

X-Ray Powder Diffraction:

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Relationship of Biotite to other Species

9..

Alumino-ferrowinchite

9..

Tetranatrolite

9..

Shkatulkalite

9..20

Rinkite

Na(Na,Ca)

(Ca,Ce)

Ti[F

|(O,F)

|(Si

)

]

Other Names for Biotite

Synonyms:

Biotite-Phlogopite Series	Black Mica	Hydroxylbiotite	Lepidomelane	Meroxen
Meroxene	Odenite	Oderite	Odite

Other Languages:

Catalan:	Biotita
Czech:	Biotit
Dutch:	Biotiet
Estonian:	Biotiit
Finnish:	Biotiitti
French:	Biotite
Galician:	Biotita
German:	Biotit Hydroxylbiotit Odenit Oderit Odit Rhombenglimmer
Hebrew:	ביוטיט
Italian:	Biotite
Japanese:	黒雲母
Korean:	흑운모
Lithuanian:	Biotitas

Polish:	Biotyt
Portuguese:	Biotita
Romanian:	Biotit
Russian:	Биотит
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):	Биотит
Slovak:	Biotit
Spanish:	Biotita Aspidolita Hydroxylbiotita Odenita Oderita Odita
Turkish:	Biyotit
Ukrainian:	Біотит

Varieties:

Anomite	Barian-Titanian Biotite	Chromian Biotite	Eastonite (of Winchell)	Heterophyllite
Manganophyllite	Mg(T) Mica	Natronbiotite	Oxybiotite	Rubellan
Titanbiotite	Titanian Biotite

Other Information

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Biotite

Reference List:

Parry, W.T. and Nackowski, M.P. (1963) Copper, lead, and zinc in biotites from Basin and Range quartz monzonites. Economic Geology: 58: 1126-1144.

Dodge, F.C.W., V.C. Smith & R.E. May (1969), Biotites from the granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith: Journal of Petrology: 10: 250-271.

Lovering, T.G., Cooper, J.R., Drewes, H.D., and Cone, G.C. (1970) Copper in biotite from igneous rocks in southern Arizona as an ore indicator. USGS Professional Paper 700-B: 1-8.

Giardini, A.A., Hurst, V.J., Melton, C.E., John, C., and Stormer, J. (1974) Biotite as a primary inclusion in diamond: Its nature and significance American Mineralogist: 59: 783-789.

Kesler, S.E., Issigonis, M.J., Brownlow, A.H., Damon, P.E., Moore, W.J., Northcote, K.E., and Preto, V.A. (1975) Geochemistry of biotites from mineralized and barren intrusive systems. Economic geology: 70: 559-567.

Rehrig, W.A. and McKinney, C.N. (1976) The distribution and origin of anomalous copper in biotite. Mining Engineering: 27, 68 pp.

Ohta, T., Takeda, H., and Takéuchi, Y. (1982) Mica polytypism: similarities in the crystal structures of coexisting 1M and 2M 1 oxybioites. American Mineralogist: 67: 298-310.

Dymek, R.F. (1983) Titanium, aluminium and interlayer cation substitution in biotite from high-grade gneisses, West Greenland. American Mineralogist: 68: 880-899.

Banfield, J.F. and Eggleton, R.A. (1988) Transmission electron microscope study of biotite weathering. Clays and Clay Minerals: 36: 47-60.

Walmsley, J.C. and Lang, A.R. (1992b) Oriented biotite inclusions in diamond coat. Mineralogical Magazine: 56: 108-111.

Nomenclature of the Micas: The Canadian Mineralogist: 36, pp. x-xx (1998)

The Canadian Mineralogist (1998): 36: 905-912.

Li, G., Peacor, D.R., and Essene, E.J. (1998) The formation of sulfides during alteration of biotite to chlorite-corrensite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 46: 649-657.

Ibhi, A. and Nachit, H (2000) The substitution mechanism of Ba and Ti into phyllosilicate phases: the example of barium-titanium biotite. Annals of Chim. Sci. Mat.: 25: 627-634.

Parry, W.T., Wilson, P.N., Moser, D., and Heizler, M.T. (2001) U-Pb dating of zircon and 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite at Bingham, Utah. Economic Geology: 96: 1671-1683.

http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/IMA/ima98(10).pdf