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Bismite

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Khorixas, Damaraland District, Kunene Region, Namibia
© Brent Thorne

Show Bismite Photos (3)
Formula:
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
System:MonoclinicColour:Greyish green, greenish ...
Hardness:4½
Name:For Bismuth in its composition.


A polymorph of Sphaerobismoite

NOTE: Numerous localities for bismuth oxides have been reported, but modern confirmation is required, as most have proven to be carbonates, etc.

Classification of Bismite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/C.02-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.CB.60

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:4.3.10.2

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.13.12

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
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Type Occurrence of Bismite

Type Locality:Colavi Mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), Saavedra Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (No. 97831)
Year of Discovery:1868
Geological Setting of type material:An oxidation product of bismuth
Associated Minerals at type locality:
CassiteriteBismuth

Physical Properties of Bismite

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent on thin edges, Opaque
Colour:Greyish green, greenish yellow to bright yellow
Streak:Grey to yellow
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):8.64 - 9.22 g/cm3
Density (calculated):10.4 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bismite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b (P1 1 21/b) [P21/c] {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.851Å, b = 8.169Å, c = 7.513Å
β = 112.94°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.716 : 1 : 0.92
Unit Cell Volume:V 330.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals microscopic, rare; earthy to pulverulent, compact granular, massive.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.232 (10)
2.676 (9)
1.670 (8)
1.640 (8)
1.951 (7.5)
1.740 (7.5)
Comments:Recorded on material from Colavi, Bolivia

Optical Data of Bismite

Type:Biaxial
RI values: n = 2.42
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:High

Chemical Properties of Bismite

Formula:
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
Essential elements:Bi, O
All elements listed in formula:Bi, O
Analyical Data:Modern analyses of authenticated material are lacking.
Relationship of Bismite to other Species
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.CB.05Brizziite
NaSb
5+
 
O
 
3
4.CB.05Corundum
Al
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Eskolaite
Cr
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
4.CB.05Hematite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Karelianite
V
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Melanostibite
Mn
2+
 
(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
3
4.CB.05Pyrophanite
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Auroantimonate
AuSbO
 
3
4.CB.05Romanite
([],Pb,Ca)UFe
2+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
4.CB.10Avicennite
Tl
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.15Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.15Mongshanite
(Mg,Cr,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Zr)
 
5
O
 
12
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S
Ti(Zn,Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S
Ti(Zn,Mg,Fe)
 
6
Al
 
16
O
 
31
(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S
Ti(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S
Ti(Mg,Fe)
 
3
Al
 
10
O
 
19
(OH)
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S
Ti(Mg,Fe)
 
2
Al
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S
Ti(Fe,Mg)
 
4
Al
 
12
O
 
23
(OH)
4.CB.25Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.25Tietaiyangite
Fe
3+
4
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
9
4.CB.30Berdesinskiite
V
3+
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.35Kyzylkumite
V
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Olkhonskite
(Cr,V)
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Schreyerite
V
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.40Kamiokite
Fe
 
2
Mo
 
3
O
 
8
4.CB.40Nolanite
(V,Fe,Fe,Ti)
 
10
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.40Rinmanite
Zn
 
2
Sb
 
2
Mg
 
2
Fe
 
4
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.45Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.45Stibioclaudetite
AsSbO
 
3
4.CB.50Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.50Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.55Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.65Sphaerobismoite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.70Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.13.1Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.2Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.3Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.4Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.5Cervantite
Sb
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
7.13.6Stibiconite
SbSb
 
2
O
 
6
(OH)
7.13.7Bahianite
Al
 
5
Sb
 
3
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
7.13.8Cyanophyllite
(Cu,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|Sb
5+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.13.9Bismutostibiconite
Bi(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
7
7.13.107.13.11Stibivanite
Sb
 
2
VO
 
5
7.13.13Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
Other Names for Bismite
Synonyms:
Bismuth oxydéBismuth trioxideWismuthokker
German names:
BismitWismuthblütheWismuthockerWismuthoxydWismutoxid
Russian names:
Бисмит
Spanish names:
Bismita
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Bismite
Reference List:Frondel, C. (1943): Mineralogy of the oxides and carbonates of bismuth. American Mineralogist 28, 521-535.



Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944): The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 599-601.



Corria Neves, J. M., Lopes Nunes, J. E., Sahama, T. G., Lehtinen, M. and von Knorring, O. (1974): Bismuth and antimony minerals in the graphite pegmatites of northern Mozambique. Rev. Cienc. Geol., Ser. A, 7, 1-37. - Chemical Abstracts (1975), 83, 190 (abstract).



Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60.
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    Localities for Bismite
    
	






    


    

    
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    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Australia
     
    

    • New South Wales
    

      • Blaxland Co.
    

        • Mount Allen
    
    		NSW Geological Survey - Nymagee Mineral Deposit Data Sheets DW Suppel and  LB Gilligan (1993)
    


      • Gough Co.
    

        • Kingsgate
    
    		Sharpe, J.L., & Williams P.A. (2004) - Secondary bismuth and molybdenum minerals from Kingsgate, New England district of New South Wales.- Australian Journal of Mineralogy, vol.10, n°1.
    


      • Robinson Co.
    

        • Cobar
    

          • Cobar
    
    		Leverett, P., McKinnon, A. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): Secondary minerals from the central Cobar mines. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 75-82. 
    


      • Westmoreland Co.
    

        • Oberon
    
    		D.I. Cendón, I.T. Graham, D.M Colchester, R.E. Pogson and D. Austen. (2005): Smoky quartz and associated minerals from Blue Hill quarry, Oberon, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10, 47-52
    

    • Queensland
    
    		E. Stevens & R. Bottrill
    



    


      • Delgilbo area
    
    		Qld Dept of Mines,- mines records 
    

    • South Australia
    

      • Flinders Ranges
    

        • North Flinders Ranges
    

          • Yudnamutana District
    

    


      • Mt Lofty Ranges
    

        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
    

          • Woodside
    

    

    • Tasmania
    

      • Hampshire district
    
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    


      • Waratah district
    

        • Mt Ramsay
    
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    

    • Victoria
    

      • Benambra
    

    Austria
     
    

    • Carinthia
    

      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
    

        • Hüttenberg
    

          • Hüttenberger Erzberg
    

    


      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
    

        • Radenthein
    

          • Millstätter Alpe Mt.
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    


      • Hohe Tauern Mts
    

        • Goldberg group
    

          • Zirknitz
    

            • Große Zirknitz valley
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    


      • Saualpe Mts
    

        • Bad St Leonhard
    

          • Kliening
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    

    • Styria
    

      • Koralpe Mts
    

        • Deutschlandsberg
    

          • St Oswald
    
    		Exel, R. (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    

    • La Paz Department
    

      • Los Andes Province
    

        • La Union
    
    		Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Munoz Reyes (1955) Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia. (Banco Minero de Bolivia)
    

    • Potosí Department
    

      • Bustillos Province
    

        • Llallagua
    
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.
    


      • Nor Chichas Province
    

        • Atocha-Quechisla District
    
    		[MinRec 32:481]
    




Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    


      • Saavedra Province
    

        • Machacamarca District (Colavi District)
    
    		Ahlfeld 1955
    Canada
     
    

    • Ontario
    

      • Renfrew Co.
    

        • Lyndoch Township
    

          • Quadeville
    
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    

    • Guizhou Province
    

      • Qianxi'nan Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Ceheng Co.
    
    		Zhiping Li, and S.G. Peters (1998): USGS Open-File Report 98-466.
    

    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
    

      • Haixi Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Golmud (Ge'ermu) Co.
    
    		Xu Yong, and Zhu Xinyou (2000): Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt. Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 540-543.
    

    • Yunnan Province
    

      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Gejiu Co.
    

          • Gejiu Sn-polymetallic deposit
    

            • Western Sub-district
    
    		Chen, J., Halls, C., and Stanley, C.J. (1992): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 11(2), 140-155.
    Czech Republic
     
    

    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
    

      • Karlovy Vary Region
    
    		No reference listed
    



        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Ostrov
    
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    


      • Ústí Region
    

        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Krupka (Graupen)
    

            • Steinknochen (Lux vein) area
    
    		Lapis 23(4), 18-34 (1998)
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    

    • Kivu
    

    France
     
    

    • Alsace
    

      • Haut-Rhin
    

        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    

    • Auvergne
    

      • Allier
    

        • Ebreuil
    

          • Echassières
    
    		G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    




G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    


      • Haute-Loire
    

        • Brioude - Massiac area
    

          • Lavoûte-Chilhac
    

    

    • Brittany
    

      • Côtes-d'Armor
    

        • Guingamp
    

          • Belle-Isle-en-Terre
    
    		P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978.
    Germany
     
    

    • Baden-Württemberg
    

      • Black Forest
    

        • Pforzheim
    

          • Würm
    
    		Lapis, 18 (2), 13-24
    



        • Schenkenzell
    

          • Wittichen
    

            • Böckelsbach valley
    
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    





            • Burgfelsen
    
    		No reference listed
    





            • Heubach Valley
    
    		No reference listed
    




K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    



        • Schiltach
    

          • Stammelbach valley
    
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
    



        • Schramberg
    

          • Falkenstein valley
    
    		No reference listed
    



        • Zell am Harmersbach
    

          • Nordrach
    
    		No reference listed
    

    • Bavaria
    

      • Upper Palatinate
    

        • Oberpfälzer Wald
    

          • Vohenstrauß
    

            • Waidhaus
    

              • Hagendorf
    
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    

    • Hesse
    

      • Odenwald
    

        • Heppenheim
    

          • Sonderbach
    

            • Kohlplatte Mt.
    
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    



        • Wald-Michelbach
    

          • Mackenheim
    
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Siegerland
    

        • Wilnsdorf
    

          • Wilden
    
    		Magma 1984(2), 43-49
    

    • Rhineland-Palatinate
    

      • Katzweiler
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    


      • Siegerland
    

        • Betzdorf
    

          • Schutzbach
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • Saxony-Anhalt
    

      • Harz Mts
    

        • Wernigerode
    

          • Hasserode
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Saxony
    

      • Erzgebirge
    

        • Altenberg
    
    		Mineralien-Welt, (2), 17-39.
    


Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    



        • Schneeberg District
    

          • Wolfgang Maaßen Mine field
    
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
    

    • Thuringia
    

      • Bad Lobenstein
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    


      • Vogtland
    

        • Hirschberg
    

          • Ullersreuth
    
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    

          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
    

            • Kamareza Mines
    
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    

    • Lombardy
    

      • Brescia Province
    

        • Trompia Valley
    

          • Pisogne
    
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. 
    


      • Sondrio Province
    

        • Novate Mezzola
    

          • Codera Valley
    
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    

    • Sardinia
    

      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
    

        • Fluminimaggiore
    

          • Oridda Valley
    
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. 
    Japan
     
    

    • Honshu Island
    

      • Chubu Region
    

        • Gifu Prefecture
    

          • Ena-gun
    

            • Hirukawa
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    



        • Niigata Prefecture
    
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    

    • Nansei Archipelago
    

      • Kagoshima Prefecture
    

        • Yakushima Island
    
    		Hori Mineralogy, Tokyo
    Kazakhstan
     
    

    • Zhezqazghan Oblysy (Dzezkazgan Oblast'; Dzhezkazgan Oblast'; Djezkazgan Oblast'; Jezkazgan Oblast')
    

      • Balqash (Balkhash; Karatas) Region
    
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Madagascar
     
    

    • Antananarivo Province
    

      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
    

        • Betafo Department
    

          • Ambohimanambola Commune
    

            • Mount Ikaka
    
    		J. Behier (1960): Contribution à la Mineralogie de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXIX , p 21
    




          • Mahaiza Commune
    
    		Behier, J. (1957): Mineraux nouvellement trouves dans les pegmatites de Madagascar. in Commision de Coopération Technique en Afrique au Sud du sahara (C.C.T.A.). Geologie. Comités regionaux Centre, Est et Sud. Conférence de Tananarive Avril 1957. I, 135-138
    



        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Bity (Ibity) area)
    
    		Ranorosoa, N (1986) : Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagscar. These de doctorat, Toulouse
    

    • Fianarantsoa Province
    

      • Amoron'i Mania Region
    

        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
    

          • Ambatofinandrahana Departement
    
    		H.Besaire (1966): Gites mineraux de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.de Mad. XXXIV
    



        • Fandriana Department
    
    		Michel Arliguie collection
    


      • Matsiatra Region
    

        • Ikalamavony Department
    
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p.21
    Mexico
     
    

    • Durango
    

      • Mun. del Oro
    

        • Santa María del Oro (El Oro)
    
    		Panczner(1987):114,116.
    Namibia
     
    

    • Erongo Region
    

      • Karibib District
    

        • Okatjimukuju farm (Friedrichsfelde farm)
    
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
    



    

    • Kunene Region
    

      • Damaraland District
    
    		[MinRecord 29:164]
    




          • Copper Valley
    
    		Gerhard Niedermayr: Mesopotamia 504 - die Typlokalität des Namibit
    



        • Omaruru
    
    		Jahn, S. & Bast, R. (2006): Der Krantzberg bei Omaruru, Namibia, und die Mineralvorkommen in seiner Umgebung. Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 32-48.
    Norway
     
    

    • Aust-Agder
    

      • Evje og Hornnes
    
    		Frigstad (1968, p. 147); Neumann (1985, p. 59).
    


      • Iveland
    

        • Birkeland
    
    		Frigstad (1968, p. 147); Neumann (1985, p. 59).
    



        • Frikstad (Frigstad)
    
    		Revheim, O. (2006): Slobrekka, Iveland. [Del 2]. STEIN 34 (1), 3-5
    Poland
     
    

    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    

      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
    

        • Czarnów
    

          • Rędziny
    
    		Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52. 
    Russia
     
    

    • Northern Region
    

      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    

        • Kola Peninsula
    

          • Western Keivy Massif
    
    		A.V. Voloshin, Ya.A. Pakhomovskii Minerals and mineralformation evolution in amazonite pegmatites of Kola peninsula, - Leningrad, Nauka, 1986, pp.168.
    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    

    • Košice Region
    

      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    

    • Mpumalanga Province
    

      • Marble Hall
    
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    

    • Västmanland
    

      • Lindesberg
    

    



No reference listed
    




    


      • Nora
    

        • Striberg ore field
    
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Wallis (Valais)
    

      • Turtmann Valley
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 79
    UK
     
    

    • England
    

      • Cumbria
    

        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
    

          • Caldbeck Fells
    

            • Carrock Fell
    
    		BMS Database
    






No reference listed
    


      • Devon
    

        • Tavistock District
    

          • Peter Tavy
    
    		UKJMM Vol.25 p.19
    USA
     
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    


      • Graham Co.
    

        • Bowie area
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 139.
    


      • La Paz Co.
    

        • Granite Wash Mts
    

          • Ellsworth District
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 139.
    



Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 33.
    


      • Mohave Co.
    
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 20 (Table A-1). 
    



        • Aquarius Mts (Aquarius Range; Peacock Range)
    
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 21 (Table A-1).
    


      • Yavapai Co.
    

        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
    

          • Castle Creek District
    

            • Copperopolis
    

              • Buzzard's Roost
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138, 139; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 28, 184-185; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Minerals of Arizona, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 153: 22; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 33, 44.
    



        • Eureka District
    

          • Bagdad
    
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 33.
    

    • California
    

      • Plumas Co.
    

        • Last Chance District
    

          • Spring Creek area
    
    		[MinRecord 29:165]
    




Mineralogical Record (In press)
    


      • San Bernardino Co.
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    


      • San Diego Co.
    

        • Ramona District
    
    		[Foord et al, 1989 - "Mineralogy and paragenesis of the Little Three mine pegmatites", MinRec 20:101-127]
    



        • Rincon District
    

          • Mack Ridge
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    

    • Colorado
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Park Co.
    

        • Geneva District
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    



        • Montezuma District
    

          • Hall Valley
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    



Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Summit Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    

    • Connecticut
    

      • Fairfield Co.
    

        • Monroe
    
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
    



Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.273
    


      • Middlesex Co.
    

        • Portland
    
    		Rocks & Min. Vol.71, No.3, p.197
    



Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of Connecticut and Southeastern New York State (Taylor Assoc./Mineralogical Press)
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Esmeralda Co.
    

        • Goldfield District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



        • Sylvania District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Eureka Co.
    

        • Lynn District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Mineral Co.
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Nye Co.
    

        • Round Mountain District
    

          • Mariposa Canyon
    

    

    • New Mexico
    

      • Grant Co.
    
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    



        • White Signal District
    
    		NMBMMR Bull 83 Mineral Deposits of Western Grant County, New Mexico
    


      • Sierra Co.
    
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    


      • Taos Co.
    

        • Picuris District
    
    		The Harding Mine Taos County New Mexico. Mineralogical Record: 8(2): 115-126.
    

    • North Carolina
    

      • Gaston Co.
    
    		Genth,F.A and Kerr, W.C. 1881, Mineral and Mineral Localities of North Carolina , Geological Survey
    


      • Montgomery Co.
    
    		Dana 6:1076; Dana 7:I:163.
    

    • South Dakota
    

      • Custer Co.
    

        • Custer District
    

          • Custer
    
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    


      • Pennington Co.
    

        • Keystone Gold District
    
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    

    • Utah
    

      • Juab Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    

          • Tintic District
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    




UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    




UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Salt Lake Co.
    

        • Wasatch Mts
    

          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    

            • Little Cottonwood Canyon
    

              • Dromedary Peak
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Tooele Co.
    

        • Deep Creek Mts
    

          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Utah Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    

          • East Tintic District
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    

    


    

    Mineral
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