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Bismoclite

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Big Photo

Croft Gothal Mine, St Hilary, Mount's Bay District, Cornwall, England, UK
© Rust

Show Bismoclite Photos (10)



Formula:
(BiO)Cl
System:TetragonalColour:Cream-white, greyish, ...
Hardness:2 - 2½
Member of:Matlockite Group
Name:In allusion to the ions it is apparently composed of: BISMuth, Oxide and ChLoride (actually, like many secondary bismuth minerals, it contains bismuthyl ions, BiO+, and thus is more correctly named bismuthyl chloride)


Matlockite Group.

Very plastic.

Classification of Bismoclite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:3/D.0-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:3.DC.25

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu
Dana 8th edition ID:10.2.1.2

10 : OXYHALIDES AND HYDROXYHALIDES
2 : A(O,OH)Xq
Hey's CIM Ref.:8.9.5

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
9 : Halides of Sb and Bi
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Type Occurrence of Bismoclite

Type Locality:Jakkalswater (Jackal's Water; Noumas I pegmatite; Blesberg mine), Steinkopf, Namaqualand, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Year of Discovery:1935
Geological Setting of type material:In an alluvial specimen, found near bismuth-bearing granite pegmatites
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Mica GroupBismutite

Occurrences of Bismoclite

Geological Setting:In granite pegmatites; in greisen

Physical Properties of Bismoclite

Lustre:Greasy, Silky, Pearly, Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Cream-white, greyish, yellowish brown; colourless in thin section
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Tenacity:Elastic
Cleavage:Perfect
On {001}
Density (measured):7.36 g/cm3
Density (calculated):7.784 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bismoclite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P4/nmm {P4/n 21/m 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 3.887Å, c = 7.354Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.892
Unit Cell Volume:V 111.11 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals minute, scaly or thin rectangular, rarely with corners truncated at 45°; often columnar-fibrous, earthy, compact or massive.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.44 (100)
2.677 (95)
2.753 (75)
7.38 (40)
1.946 (35)
2.205 (30)
1.574 (30)
Comments:Recorded on synthetic material

Optical Data of Bismoclite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.150 nε = 1.910
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.240

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Bismoclite

Formula:
(BiO)Cl
Essential elements:Bi, Cl, O
All elements listed in formula:Bi, Cl, O
Analytical Data:Chemical analyses of material from Jakkalswater, South Africa (1) and from Goldfield, Nevada, USA (2), the latter recalculated to 100.00 wt.-% after deduction of quartz (34.81 wt.-%) and Fe2O3 (0.28 wt.-%)
            (1)      (2)

Fe2O3      (0.12)
Bi2O3     (88.49)  (88.53)
Cl        (13.00)  (12.51)
H2O+       (0.87)   (1.58)
H2O-                (0.20)
insol.     (0.77)
-O = Cl2   (2.93)   (2.82)

sum       100.32   100.00 wt.-%
Common Impurities:Fe,OH

Relationship of Bismoclite to other Species

Member of:Matlockite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Daubréeite
(BiO)(OH,Cl)
Laurionite
PbCl(OH)
Matlockite
PbFCl
Paralaurionite
PbCl(OH)
Rorisite
CaFCl
Zavaritskite
(BiO)F
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
3.DC.05Laurionite
PbCl(OH)
3.DC.05Paralaurionite
PbCl(OH)
3.DC.10Fiedlerite
Pb
 
3
FCl
 
4
(OH) · H
 
2
O
3.DC.15Penfieldite
Pb
 
2
Cl
 
3
(OH)
3.DC.20Laurelite
Pb
 
7
F
 
12
Cl
 
2
3.DC.25Daubréeite
(BiO)(OH,Cl)
3.DC.25Matlockite
PbFCl
3.DC.25Rorisite
CaFCl
3.DC.25Zavaritskite
(BiO)F
3.DC.25Zhangpeishanite
BaFCl
3.DC.30Nadorite
PbSbClO
 
2
3.DC.30Perite
PbBiClO
 
2
3.DC.35Aravaipaite
Pb
 
3
F
 
3
[AlF
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
3.DC.37Calcioaravaipaite
PbCa
 
2
(F,OH)
 
3
[AlF
 
6
] · H
 
2
O
3.DC.40Thorikosite
Pb
 
3
Cl
 
2
(OH)(SbO
 
3
,AsO
 
3
)
3.DC.45Mereheadite
Pb
 
47
Cl
 
25
(OH)
 
13
O
 
24
(CO
 
3
)(BO
 
3
)
 
2
3.DC.50Blixite
Pb
 
2
(O,OH)
 
2
Cl
3.DC.55Pinalite
Pb
 
3
WO
 
5
Cl
 
2
3.DC.60Symesite
Pb
 
10
Cl
 
4
O
 
7
(SO
 
4
) · H
 
2
O
3.DC.65Ecdemite
Pb
 
6
Cl
 
4
(As
 
2
O
 
7
)
3.DC.65Heliophyllite
Pb
 
6
Cl
 
4
(As
 
2
O
 
7
)
3.DC.70Mendipite
Pb
 
3
Cl
 
2
O
 
2
3.DC.75Damaraite
Pb
 
3
Cl(OH)O
 
2
3.DC.80Onoratoite
Sb
 
8
Cl
 
2
O
 
11
3.DC.85Cotunnite
PbCl
 
2
3.DC.90Pseudocotunnite
K
 
2
PbCl
 
4
3.DC.95Barstowite
Pb
 
4
Cl
 
6
(CO
 
3
) · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
8.9.1Onoratoite
Sb
 
8
Cl
 
2
O
 
11
8.9.2Kelyanite
(Hg
+
2
)
 
6
Sb
3+
 
BrCl
 
2
O
 
6
8.9.3Gananite
BiF
 
3
8.9.4Zavaritskite
(BiO)F
8.9.6Daubréeite
(BiO)(OH,Cl)
8.9.7Perite
PbBiClO
 
2

Other Names for Bismoclite

Other Languages:
German:Bismoclit
Russian:Бисмоклит
Simplified Chinese:氯铋矿
Spanish:Bismoclita

Other Information

Other Information:Totally soluble in acids. Re-precipitates upon considerable dilution.

Very plastic.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Bismoclite

Reference List:

- +
Means (1916) American Journal of Science: 41: 125 (as Daubréeite ?).

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 66.

Bannister (1935) Mineralogical Magazine: 24: 49.

Mountain (1935) Mineralogical Magazine: 24: 59.

American Mineralogist (1935), 20, 813.

Mountain, E. D. (1937): Two new bismuth minerals from South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 24, 59-64.

Frondel, C. (1943) American Mineralogist: 28: 526.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 60-62.

Keramidas, K. G., Voutsas, G. P. and Rentzepris, P. I. (1993): The crystal structure of BiOCl. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 205, 35-40.

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 61.

Internet Links for Bismoclite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Bismoclite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Bismoclite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Blaxland Co.
        • Mount Allen
    		NSW Geological Survey - Nymagee Mineral Deposit Data Sheets DW Suppel and LB Gilligan (1993)
      • Bourke Co.
        • Ardlethan
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1093.
      • Gipps Co.
        • Ardlethan
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 62; Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 61
      • Gough Co.
        • Elsmore
    		Rankin, J., Sharpe, J. L. & Williams, P. A. (2008): Mineralogical note: Waylandite from Elsmore, New South Wales. Australian J. of Mineralogy 14, 79-80.
        • Kingsgate
    		Sharpe, J.L., & Williams P.A. (2004) - Secondary bismuth and molybdenum minerals from Kingsgate, New England district of New South Wales.- Australian Journal of Mineralogy, vol.10, n°1.
    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		Pring, A., Francis, G. & Birch, W. D. (1992): Nissonite, namibite, and other additions to the mineral suite from Iron Monarch, South Australia. Australian Mineral. 6, 31-39; [MinRec 29:164]
    • Victoria
      • Ballarat
        • Pittong
    		Birch, W.D., Grey, I.E., Mills, S.J., Bougerol, C., Pring, A., Ansermet, S. (2007): Pittongite, a new secondary tungstate from Pittong, Victoria, Australia. Canadian Mineralogist, 45, 857-864.
    • Western Australia
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 61
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Nor Chichas Province
        • Atocha-Quechisla District
    		[MinRec 32:481]
    Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz); Amer.Min.(1982) 67, 833-840
      • Rafael Bustillo Province (Bustillos Province)
        • Llallagua
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.; Hyrsl, J. & A. Petrov (2006): Famous Mineral Localities: Llallagua, Bolivia. Mineralogical Record. 37: 117-162
    Brazil
     
    • Bahia
      • Juazeiro
    		Färber, G. & Witzke, T. (2011): Exotische Pseudomorphosen aus Brasilien: Waylandit nach Wismutglanz. Lapis 36 (5), 42-43.
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Pedra Lavrada
    		A. Bhaskara Rao and M. S. Adusumilli (1965): Bismoclite from Brazil. Can. Mineral. 8, 390-391.
    • Rio Grande do Norte
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Equador
    		Re-entry of old data; Färber, G. & Witzke, T. (2011): Exotische Pseudomorphosen aus Brasilien: Waylandit nach Wismutglanz. Lapis 36 (5), 42-43.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Santa Catalina
          • Guanaco (Huanaco)
    		M. Dini collection
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siegerland
        • Gosenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet and Rewitzer, Christian, Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Olbia-Tempio Pausania Province
        • La Maddalena
          • La Maddalena Island
    		Billows, E. (1941): I minerali della Sardegna ed i loro giacimenti. Sardegna Mineraria, Istituto per gli studi Sardi, Regia Università di Cagliari.
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Lipari
          • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
            • Vulcano Island
    		Campostrini I. et al - Vulcano: ein aussergewohnlicher Fundpunkt von neuen und seltenen Mineralien - MineralienWelt 2010 - nr.3 - p.40-57
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Rio Marina
            • Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine)
    		G. Marinelli, 1959 - I minerali di bismuto del cantiere Falcacci a Rio Marina (Isola d'Elba). - Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat., Mem. Serie A, 66: 337-352.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto region
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Ashio
    		Ii & Hori (1992) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 159.
    • Kyushu Region
      • Nansei Archipelago
        • Kagoshima Prefecture
          • Yakushima-cho
            • Yakushima Island
    		Hori Mineralogy, Tokyo
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Betpakdala Desert (Bet-Pak-Dal Desert)
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
    		- Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 411 pp. (in English)
    Norway
     
    • Nordland
      • Sørfold
    		Ellingsen, H.V., Andersen, T. & Haugen, A., (2000): Nye mineraler fra amazonittpegmatitten ved Tennvatn, Nordland. Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skriftserie 17, 52-58.
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Kristiansen, R. (2008): Nye mineralfunn i Norge. STEIN 35 (1): 17-21
    Pacific Ocean
     
    • East Pacific Rise
      • Juan de Fuca Ridge complex
        • Southern Gorda Ridge
    		Eos Trans. AGU, 81 (48), Fall Meet. Suppl., 2000
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    		Zelenski, M. & Bortnikova, S. (2005): Sublimate speciation at Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17, 107-118.
      • Sakhalinskaya Oblast'
        • Kuril Islands
          • Iturup Island
    		http://maurice.strahlen.org/kurilles/kurilles.htm
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
        • Steinkopf
    		Mineralogical Magazine (1935): 24: 59-62; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 61.
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Sogd (Viloyati Sughd; Viloyati Khodzhent; Viloyati Leninabad)
      • Adrasman
        • Karamazar Mts
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 61
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • St Hilary
    		[UKJMM 17 (1996) p.17]
    Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Kirkcudbrightshire)
        • Dalbeattie
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 61
    USA
     
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Inyo Mts (Inyo Range)
          • Manzanar Station area
    		Adams, Paul (2010) The Brown Monster and Reward Mines Inyo County, California. Mineralogical Record 41:175-193.
    • Nevada
      • Esmeralda Co.
        • Goldfield District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Manhattan District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Round Mountain District
    		[MinRec 22:181]; Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 27, pp. 355-376(1988)
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 27, pp. 355-376(1988)
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 62.
    Means, A H "Some New Mineral Occurences From The Tintic District, Utah" American Journal of Science Vol 41, Noi 241 (1916) pp 125-30; Means, A H "Some New Mineral Occurences From The Tintic District, Utah" American Journal of Science Vol 41, Noi 241 (1916) pp 125-30
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 62.
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