Levinsonite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Levinsonite-(Y)
Formula:
(Y,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
2.181 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Alfred Abraham Levinson (1927-2005), Professor emeritus of Mineralogy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, the originator of the internationally used nomenclature for rare earth element (REE) minerals.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Levinsonite-(Y).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7024
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7024:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
41322a49-dd86-45cd-9c5f-39655cedab17
IMA Classification of Levinsonite-(Y)
Approved
IMA Formula:
YAl(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O
First published:
2001
Type description reference:
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Classification of Levinsonite-(Y)
10.AB.70
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
B : Oxalates
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
B : Oxalates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Lvi-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Levinsonite-(Y)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {101}
on {101}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.181 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Levinsonite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.480(1) nβ = 1.490(1) nγ = 1.550(1)
2V:
Measured: 7° (3), Calculated: 46°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.070
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Chemistry of Levinsonite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
(Y,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Crystallography of Levinsonite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.289(1) Å, b = 9.234(1) Å, c = 11.015 Å
β = 108.50°
β = 108.50°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.114 : 1 : 1.193
Unit Cell V:
992.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals, elongate [101] to 1.0 mm in length, and as randomly oriented groups of a few crystals.
Comment:
Space Group: P2/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0012661 | Levinsonite-(Y) | Rouse R C, Peacor D R, Essene E J, Coskren T D, Lauf R J (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y,Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)*12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)*12H2O]: coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65 1101-1115 | 2001 | Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.3 Å | (100) |
6.28 Å | (90) |
4.89 Å | (60) |
4.09 Å | (50) |
5.20 Å | (40) |
3.700 Å | (30) |
3.447 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Type Occurrence of Levinsonite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Individual prismatic crystals, to 1.0 mm in length, and as randomly oriented groups of a few crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Cave; sulfate-rich supergene assemblage.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Rouse, R.C., Peacor, D.R., Essene, E.J., Coskren, T.D., Lauf, R.J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y,Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La,)Al(SO4)2(C2O4)·12H2O]: coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 1101-1115.
Synonyms of Levinsonite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Levinsonite-(Y)
German:Levinsonit-(Y)
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
10.AB. | Deveroite-(Ce) | Ce2(C2O4)3 · 10H2O |
10.AB.X | Falottaite | MnC2O4 · 3H2O |
10.AB. | Uroxite | [(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2] · H2O |
10.AB. | Andreybulakhite | Ni(C2O4) · 2H2O |
10.AB. | Edwindavisite | Cu(C2O4)(NH3) |
10.AB.05 | Humboldtine | Fe2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
10.AB.05 | Lindbergite | Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O |
10.AB.05 | Katsarosite | Zn(C2O4) · 2H2O |
10.AB.10 | Glushinskite | Mg(C2O4) · 2H2O |
10.AB.15 | Moolooite | Cu(C2O4) · nH2O |
10.AB.20 | Stepanovite | NaMgFe3+(C2O4)3 · 8-9H2O |
10.AB.25 | Minguzzite | K3Fe3+(C2O4)3 · 3H2O |
10.AB.30 | Wheatleyite | Na2Cu(C2O4)2 · 2H2O |
10.AB.35 | Zhemchuzhnikovite | NaMgAl(C2O4)3 · 8H2O |
10.AB.40 | Weddellite | Ca(C2O4) · (2.5-x)H2O |
10.AB.45 | Whewellite | Ca(C2O4) · H2O |
10.AB.47 | Fiemmeite | Cu2(C2O4)(OH)2 · 2H2O |
10.AB.50 | Caoxite | Ca(C2O4) · 3H2O |
10.AB.50 | Middlebackite | Cu2C2O4(OH)2 |
10.AB.52 | Metauroxite | (UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2 |
10.AB.55 | Oxammite | (NH4)2(C2O4) · H2O |
10.AB.60 | Natroxalate | Na2(C2O4) |
10.AB.60 | Phoxite | (NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4 |
10.AB.60 | Carboferriphoxite | [(NH4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)(C2O4)] |
10.AB.60 | Ferriphoxite | [(NH4)2K(H2O)][Fe3+(HPO4)2(C2O4)] |
10.AB.65 | Coskrenite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)2(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
10.AB.75 | Zugshunstite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
10.AB.80 | Novgorodovaite | Ca2(C2O4)Cl2 · 2H2O |
Fluorescence of Levinsonite-(Y)
Not fliorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Levinsonite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7024.html
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References for Levinsonite-(Y)
Reference List:
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Rouse, R. C., Peacor, D. R., Essene, E. J., Coskren, T. D., Lauf, R. J. (2001) The new minerals levinsonite-(Y) [(Y, Nd,Ce)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O] and zugshunstite-(Ce) [(Ce,Nd,La)Al(SO4)2(C2O4) · 12H2O]: Coexisting oxalates with different structures and differentiation of LREE and HREE. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (7) 1101-1115 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00568-8
Localities for Levinsonite-(Y)
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Coskren et al. (2000) +2 other references |
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Alum Cave Bluff, Sevier County, Tennessee, USA