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Böhmite

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Saga 1 Quarry, Sagåsen, Mørje, Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway
© OT. Ljostad

Show Böhmite Photos (23)

Formula:

AlO(OH)

System:

Orthorhombic

Colour:

White, pale greyish ...

Hardness:

3½

Name:

For Johann (Johannes, Hans, Jan) Böhm (1895-1952) Czech-German physical-chemist, crystallographer and photographer, who first studied the species.

A major constituent of the aluminium ore Bauxite.

Dimorphous with Diaspore and isostructural with Lepidocrocite.

Classification of Böhmite

IMA status:

Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"

Strunz 8th edition ID:

4/F.06-20

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:

4.FE.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra

Dana 8th edition ID:

6.1.2.1

6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.6.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
6 : Oxides of Al

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Type Occurrence of Böhmite

Type Locality:

Mas Rouge, Les Baux-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Geological Setting of type material:

Bauxite deposit

Associated Minerals at type locality:

Kaolinite

Gibbsite

Diaspore

Occurrences of Böhmite

Geological Setting:

In bauxite, laterite or fireclay deposits; as a low-temperature hydrothermal decomposition product in nepheline pegmatites, syenites and ocean-ridge basalts.

Physical Properties of Böhmite

Lustre:

Vitreous, Pearly

Diaphaneity (Transparency):

Translucent

Colour:

White, pale greyish brown; yellowish or reddish when impure; colourless in thin section

Streak:

White

Hardness (Mohs):

3½

Cleavage:

Very Good
on {010}, good on {100}, and poor on {001}

Density (measured):

3.02 - 3.05 g/cm³

Density (calculated):

3.08 g/cm³

Crystallography of Böhmite

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.693Å, b = 12.221Å, c = 2.865Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.302 : 1 : 0.234

Unit Cell Volume:

V 129.30 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Rarely tabular to stout prismatic crystals, to 2 mm, showing {001}, {110}, {101}, {111}, {221}; commonly extremely fine-grained, in pisolitic aggregates or disseminated.

X-Ray Powder Diffraction:

d-spacing		Intensity
6.11		(100)
3.15		(60)
2.347		(60)
1.862		(20)
1.850		(20)
1.308		(15)
1.661		(10)

Comments:

Recorded on material from Hurunui Peak, New Zealand

Optical Data of Böhmite

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.644 - 1.648 n_β = 1.654 - 1.657 n_γ = 1.661 - 1.668

2V:

Measured: 74° to 88°, Calculated: 80°

Maximum Birefringence:

δ = 0.017 - 0.020

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

weak

Chemical Properties of Böhmite

Formula:

AlO(OH)

Essential elements:

Al, H, O

All elements listed in formula:

Al, H, O

Analytical Data:

(1) Chemical analysis of material from Vishnevy Mts, Urals, Russia
(2) Electron microprobe analysis of material from Hurunui Peak, New Zealand; water content calculated from stoichiometry

         (1)      (2)

SiO2    (2.11)   (0.76)
TiO2             (0.03)
Al2O3  (81.60)  (83.84)
Ga2O3   (0.05)
Fe2O3   (0.58)   (0.53)
MgO              (0.02)
CaO     (0.26)   (0.08)
H2O    (15.31)  (15.05)

sum     99.91   100.31 wt.-%

Empirical Formula:

0.98

0.96

(OH)

1.04

]

=2.00

(1); Al

0.98

0.01

O(OH) (2)

Relationship of Böhmite to other Species

4.FE.05

Amakinite

(Fe

,Mg)(OH)

4.FE.05

Brucite

Mg(OH)

4.FE.05

Portlandite

Ca(OH)

4.FE.05

Pyrochroite

Mn(OH)

4.FE.05

Theophrastite

Ni(OH)

4.FE.10

Bayerite

Al(OH)

4.FE.10

Doyleite

Al(OH)

4.FE.10

Gibbsite

Al(OH)

4.FE.10

Nordstrandite

Al(OH)

4.FE.15

Lepidocrocite

γ-Fe

O(OH)

4.FE.20

Grimaldiite

CrO(OH)

4.FE.20

Heterogenite

CoO(OH)

4.FE.25

Feitknechtite

O(OH)

4.FE.25

Lithiophorite

(Al,Li)MnO

(OH)

4.FE.30

Quenselite

PbMnO

(OH)

4.FE.35

Ferrihydrite

(OH)

4.FE.40

Feroxyhyte

O(OH)

4.FE.40

Vernadite

(Mn

,Fe

,Ca,Na)(O,OH)

· nH

4.FE.45

Quetzalcoatlite

(TeO

)

(OH)

· Ag

x+2y

7.6.1

Corundum

7.6.2

Diaspore

AlO(OH)

7.6.4

Gibbsite

Al(OH)

7.6.5

Bayerite

Al(OH)

7.6.6

Nordstrandite

Al(OH)

7.6.7

Doyleite

Al(OH)

7.6.8

Akdalaite

4Al

· H

Other Names for Böhmite

Other Languages:

Croatian:	Bemit
Danish:	Böhmit
French:	Boehmite
German:	Böhmit Boehmit
Italian:	Boehmite
Polish:	Bemit
Russian:	Бемит

Serbian (Cyrillic Script):	Бемит
Simplified Chinese:	一水软铝石勃姆石
Spanish:	Boehmita Böhmita
Ukrainian:	Беміт

Other Information

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

As a constituent of bauxite an important raw material for the industrial production of aluminium.

References for Böhmite

Reference List:

- +

Böhm, J. (1925): Über Aluminium- und Eisenhydroxyde. I. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 149, 203–216

de Lapparent (1927), Comptes Rendus 184, 1661.

American Mineralogist (1928), 13, 72.

de Lapparent (1930), Bulletin de la Société Minéralogique 53, 262.

Goldstaub (1936), Bulletin de la Société Minéralogique 59, 348.

Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944): The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 645-646.

Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. and Zussman, J. (1962): Rock-forming minerals, Vol. 5, Non-silicates, 111-117.

Sahama, T. G., Lehtinen, M. and Rehtijärvi, P. (1973): Natural boehmite single crystals crom Ceylon. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 39, 171-174.

Shelley, D., Smale, D. and Tulloch, A. J. (1977): Boehmite in syenite from New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine 41, 398-400.

Kiss, A. B., Keresztury, G., and Farkas, L. (1980): Raman and IR spectra and structure of boehmite (γ-AlOOH). Evidence for the recently discarded D 17 2h space group. Spectrochimica Acta 36A, 653-658.

Larsen, A. O. (1981): Boehmite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo region, Norway. Mineralogical Record 12, 227-230.

Hill, R. J. (1981): Hydrogen atoms in boehmite: a single crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular orbital study. Clays and Clay Minerals 29, 435-445.

Corbató, C. E., Tettenhorst, R. T. and Christoph, G. G. (1985): Structure refinement of deuterated boehmite. Clays and Clay Minerals 33, 71-75.

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70.

Internet Links for Böhmite

Search Engines:

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External Links:

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Look for Böhmite on Wikipedia

Look for Böhmite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Böhmite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)

Mineral Dealers:

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Localities for Böhmite

The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide Locality List

(TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Australia
New South Wales Gough Co. Emmaville (Vegetable Creek) Strathbogie bauxite deposit (Churchs bauxite prospect 1)	Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-6, SH/56-7), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
Northern Territory Gove	www.smenet.org/opaque-ore/ix_d49_3.htm.
Queensland Cook Shire Cape York Peninsula Escape River district	Econ Geol (1976) 71:1526-1532
Weipa

Austria
Lower Austria Industrieviertel Markt Piesting Dreistetten Marchgraben	R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
Salzburg Salzburg Untersberg massif Glanegg Bauxite Mine	A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
Salzburg shaft	A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
Upper Austria Kirchdorf an der Krems Reichraminger Hintergebirge Weißwasser Gräser bauxite mine	Bernhard, F. (2008) unpublished XRD-analyses
Prefing bauxite mine	Bernhard, F. (2008) unpublished XRD analyses

Brazil
Goiás Catalão I Carbonatite Complex	Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
Minas Gerais Araxá Barreiro	Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.

Cambodia
Bătdâmbâng (Khet Batdambang; Battambang) Province Phnom Sampeou and Phnom Thmei ?	Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993) Atlas of Mineral Resources for the Escap Region Cambodia Vol 10 UN.

Canada
Ontario Hastings Co. Dungannon Township Princess Sodalite Quarry (Princess Quarry)	Ref: Sabina (1986) Geol. Survey of Canada, Misc. Report 39, 11-14.
Thunder Bay District Marathon Coldwell complex	Platt & Mitchell (1982)

China
Gansu Province Gannan Autonomous Prefecture Luqu Co. La'erma Au-Se deposit (Laerma Au-Se deposit)	Xinhui Liu, Mingshen Feng, Jiajun Liu, Minwu Liu, and Yongwen Zhang (2011): Gold Science and Technology 19(4), 6-12
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Baise Prefecture Pingguo Co. Pingguo bauxite deposit	Xinyu Cao and Tongjiang Tang (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(2), 18-23; Zhangling Liu (1980): Geology and Prospecting 16(9), 40-44
Guizhou Province Guiyang Prefecture Baiyun District Yunwushan bauxite deposit	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Qingzhen Co. Changchong bauxite deposit	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Changchonghe Mine	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Laoheishan bauxite deposit	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Maixiang bauxite deposit	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Wudang District Doupengshan bauxite deposit	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Xiuwen Co. Jianganchong Mine	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Wuli bauxite deposit	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Xiaoshanba Mine	Jiangping Mo and Jinao Li (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(11), 12-18
Zunyi Prefecture Zunyi Co. Houcao bauxite deposit	Kehua Yin (2009): Geology and Prospecting 45(3), 273-279
Henan Province Zhengzhou Prefecture Gongyi Co. Gongyi bauxite deposit	http://www.smartminerals.com/cina2004/art_China_localities.htm
Hunan Province Chenzhou Prefecture Guiyang Co. Dafang Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit Lashuxia Mine	Fushan Wang (1991): Hunan Geology 10(1), 17-24
Mao'erling Mine	Fushan Wang (1991): Hunan Geology 10(1), 17-24
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ordos League (E'erduosi Prefecture) Jungar Banner (Zhunge'er Co.) Jungar coal field (Zhunge'er coal field) Hada Gol Mine (Haidaigou Mine)	Shifeng Dai, Deyi Ren, Shengsheng Li, and Chenlin Chou (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 85(2), 294-300
Wuhai League (Wuhai Prefecture) Hainan District Laoshidan China Clay deposit	Jin Li, Dawei Ren, and Shiyue Chen (1989): Acta Petrologica Sinica 5(3), 76-85
Shandong Province Jinan Prefecture Zhangqiu Co. Wanshan bauxite deposit	Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
Zibo Prefecture Huantai Co. Tianzhuang bauxite deposit	Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
Linzi District Jinling bauxite deposit	Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
Zhangdian District Beijiaosong bauxite deposit	Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
Zichuan District Dakuishan bauxite deposit	Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
Shanxi Province Xinzhou Prefecture Yuanping Co. Shiqiang bauxite deposit	Silei Sun, Qingfei Wang, Xuefei Liu, Yanru Wang, Jianyin Meng, Desheng Li, Zengyi Zhao, Hongmei Duan, Zhonghua Yang, and Jianbin Wu (2012): Geology and Exploration 48(3), 487-501
Yunnan Province Kunming Prefecture Anning Co. Anning basin	Ruijun Chen, Jingquan Zhu, Renwei Li, Hui Chen, Rufan Zhang, and Daxing Lin (1993): Acta Petrologica Sinica 9(1), 94-105
Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture Yanshan Co. Hongsheke bauxite deposit	Hanhe Liu (2007): Yunnan Geology 26(1), 32-40

Colombia
Cauca Department Mun. de Mercaderes Rio Mayo ?	Sutherland, F.L., Duroc-Danner, J.M., and Meffre, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 155-168.

Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen) Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad; Carlsbad) Děpoltovice Basalt quarry	Sejkora J., Jebavá I., Plášil J., Bureš B., Tvrdý J.: Nordstrandit z lomu v Děpoltovicích u Karlových Varů (Česká republika). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2010, roč. 18, č. 1, s. 33-41.
Žlutice (Luditz) Mokrá	Černý, P. et al.: Mokrá u Žlutic, lokalita gibbsitu, böhmitu a zeolitů. Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 6, s. 403 - 408.
Ústí Region Ústí nad Labem (Aussig) Dolni Zálezly (Salesel) Kaolinitic sand deposit	Gabriel, M.: Ložisko kaolinitických písků u Dolních Zálezel. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1984, roč. 29, č. 1, s. 1-18.

Dominican Republic
Barahona Province Sierra de Baoruco Aceitillar mine	R. Weyl (1965) Erdgeschichte und Landschaftsbild in Mittelamerika. (Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main)

France
Midi-Pyrénées Ariège Foix Montels Cadarcet	Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
Lavelanet Péreille	Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Bouches-du-Rhône Les Baux-de-Provence Mas Rouge (TL)	S. Caillère and Th. Pobeguin : "Quelques Aspects Microscopiques de la Gibbsite dans les Bauxites du Mas Rouge (Région des Baux)", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 414-416
Var Brignoles Peygros	Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1964, LXXXVII, p. 542-546.
Cabasse Blanquette Quarry	Self collected by S. MAURY
Combecave Quarry	Self collected by S. MAURY

Germany
Saxony Erzgebirge Niederschlag-Bärenstein District Bärenstein Bärenstein Quarry	T. Witzke (1994): Neufunde aus Sachsen (II): Nordstrandit vom Bärenstein bei Annaberg in Sachsen.- Lapis 19, 10, 36-39

Ghana
Western Region Bekwai District Affoh-sefwi Awaso Deposits	http://www.minport.com/showmrds-W001836.html

Greece
Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture Western Attikí District Megara Marmara bauxite deposit	Z. Maksimovitch, D.L. Bisch : "Brindleyite, a nickel-rich aluminous serpentinite mineral analogous to berthierine", Amer. Mineralogist, 1978, 63, 484-489"
Sterea Hellas Department Fthiótis Prefecture Lokris Nissi bauxite deposit	http://www.min.tu-clausthal.de/www/sga/news15/art10.html

Greenland
Kitaa (West Greenland) Province Arsuk Arsuk Firth Ivittuut (Ivigtut) Ivigtut Cryolite deposit	Petersen, O. V and K Secher (1993) The Minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24:36

Guyana
Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region Omai Omai bauxite mine	http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/omai-bauxite-mine-2006-10-27

Hungary
Fejér Co. Bakony Mts. Kincsesbánya	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Bicske-Zsámbéki Basin Bicske-Csordakút Bauxite Deposit	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Mány Coal Mine	Sajó, I.E. & Szakáll, S. (2007): Canadian Mineralogist 45, 479-483.
Vértes Mts. Gánt Bagoly Hill	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Hosszú-haraszt	Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineal Locality, 2004
Pusztavám	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Komárom-Esztergom Co. Gerecse Mts. Tatabánya Coal mines	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Veszprém Co. Bakony Mts. Eplény Eplény Mine	Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
Fenyőfő Fenyőfő I Mine	Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
Fenyõfõ II Mine	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Halimba	Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
Tormás-kút	Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
Iharkut Mine	Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
Nyirád Nyirád Mine
Sándor Mine	Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality, 2004
Sümeg Szőlő Hill	Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005

Iraq
Western Desert Wadi Al-Hussainiya Hussainiyat Fe deposit	Al-Bassam, K.S., and Tamar-Agha, K.Y. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 266-282.

Israel
Negev Hatrurim Formation	Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.

Italy
Piedmont Vercelli Province Mastallone Valley Sabbia Ponte di Salaro	Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
Sardinia Sassari Province Olmedo Bauxite deposit	MacLean, W.H., Bonavia, F.F., and Sanna, G. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 607-616.
Veneto Vicenza Province Montecchio Maggiore San Pietro Nero Mt.	Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
Tretto di Schio Val Munari Contrade Maglio-Pornaro Acquasaliente Creek	Saccardo D., Zordan A., 2002. Il giacimento metamorfico di contatto di Maglio-Pornaro al Tretto di Schio (Vicenza). Riv. Miner. Ital., 4: 234-236.

Jamaica
Saint Ann Parish Jamaica Bauxite Ltd. mines

Japan
Honshu Island Chugoku Region Hiroshima Prefecture Shokozan mine (Yano-Shokozan mine)	Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Tohoku Region Iwate Prefecture Esashi City Akagane mine	Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Oblast Kara-Tangi U deposit	Atali A. Agakhanov et al (2005) New Data on Minerals Vol 40 pp23-28

Madagascar
Tuléar Province (Toliara) Anosy Region (Fort Dauphin Region) Amboasary District Behara Commune Vohibola phlogopite deposit (Vohibolo; Vohiboly)	Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871

Mexico
Yucatán Unnamed quarries	2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009) Paper No. 26-11

Montenegro
Nikšic Zagrad	Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2009 A607

New Zealand
South Island Hurunui District Culverden Mandamus intrusive complex	Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
Otago Port Chalmers	Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).

Nigeria
Kogi State Lokoja District Agbaja Plateau	Mücke, A., Badejoko, T.A., and Akande, S.O. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 284-296.

Norway
Telemark Porsgrunn Langangen Rønningen (Skredderrønningen) E18 roadcut ?	Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
Slevolden E18 roadcut	Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
Langesundsfjorden Siktesøya Brønnebukta	Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
Mørje Sagåsen Saga 1 Quarry	Larsen, A.O. (1981): Boehmite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo region, Norway. Mineralogical Record 12, 227-230
Saga 2 Quarry	Larsen, A.O. (1981): Boehmite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo region, Norway. Mineralogical Record 12, 227-230
Sagåsen Quarry (Saga 3 Quarry)	Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
Torbjørnsås Quarry (Thorbjørnsås)	Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
Vestfold Larvik Hedrum Lågendalen Bratthagen 1 road cut pegmatites (Bratthagen)	Sæbø, P. (1966a): A short comment on some Norwegian mineral deposits within the igneous rock complex of the Oslo region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 260-261
Bratthagen 2 forest pegmatite	Svein A.Berge collection (collected in 1988)
Bratthagen second road cut	Peter Andresen observation in field sept 2003
Hedrum Quarry	Andersen, F. (1993): Hedrum pukkverk i Lågendalen. STEIN 20 (4), 236-238
Langesundsfjorden Barkevik area Kjeøya	Field collected and identified by Knut Eldjarn
Kjeøya N	Svein A. Berge collection (find 1978)
Stokkøya (Stokø; Stockö; Stocköe) Zirconium prospect	Svein A. Berge observation 1992
Vesle Arøya Eudidymite-Epididymite locality	Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71
Malerød E18 roadcuts	Collected by Peter Andresen, 2010.; Peter Andresen collection
Tjølling Håkestad Håkestad quarry	Svein A. Berge collection (Found in 1985)
Tvedalen Almenningen Quarry (Treschow-Fritzøe Quarry)
Bjørndalen Quarry
Heia Quarry	Engvoldsen, T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 (see p.68)
Østskogen Quarry	Collection of Peter Andresen.
Røyås Quarry	Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001. STEIN 28 (2): 13- 19
Tuften (Tuften 1 Quarry; Tuften 2 Quarry)	Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
A/S Granit Quarry	Collection of Peter Andresen.
Sandefjord	Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Norsk Bergverksmuseets Skrift. 20, 50-59

Russia
North-Western Region Leningradskaya Oblast' Tikhvin
Northern Caucasus Region Kabardino-Balkarian Republic Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera) Lakargi Mt.	A. E. Zadov data
Northern Region Komi Republic Timan Range Schugorsk bauxite deposit	Mordberg, L.E. (2004): Mineralogical Magazine 68(3), 489-497.
Murmanskaja Oblast' Kola Peninsula Khibiny Massif Kukisvumchorr Mt	Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
Lovozero Massif	www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
Suoluai River Valley Kuamdespakhk Mt	Tony Nikischer
Urals Region Southern Urals Chelyabinsk Oblast' Vishnevye (Vishnyovye; Cherry) Mts	Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Revúca Co. Gemerská Ves Šankovce	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Košice Region Košice Co. Drienovec	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Michalovce Co. Remetské Hámre Kapka	[Eur.J.Mineral. 13:177-186]
Spišská Nová Ves Co. Markušovce	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Trenčín Region Púchov Co. Mojtín	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k

Sudan
North Darfur Wilayah (Shamal Darfur Wilayah) Jebel Tawiga

Sweden
Skåne Helsingborg Fjärestad Vallåkra quarry	Norin, R. (1949): Studier över den mineralogiska sammansättningen av några lertyper från NV. Skånes rät-lias-, Vallåkra- och Kågeröds-bildningar. GFF 71: 215 – 237 (p. 228)

Switzerland
Wallis (Valais) Collombey Muraz Pointe de Dréveneuse	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 81

Tanzania
Tanga Region Umba River (Umba Valley)	Henry Hanni (1987) On Corundums from Umba Valley, Tanzania. J. Gemm. 20:278-284.

Turkey
Central Anatolia Region Eskişehir Province Mihaliççik Killik	Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.

USA
Arizona Cochise Co. Mule Mts Warren District Bisbee	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 140; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
Arkansas Pulaski Co. Pulaski Bauxite District	Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125
Saline Co. Bauxite Bauxite Mines	Rocks & Min.:63:122; Stroud, et al(1969).
California Riverside Co. Temescal Valley Alberhill Alberhill Clay pits (Alberhill Coal & Clay Company deposit)	Allen, Victor T. (1946), Some United States boehmite localities: (abstract) Geological Society of America Bulletin: 57: 1173; Engel, R., T.E. Gay, and B.L. Rogers (1959) Mineral deposits of Lake Elsinore quadrangle, California California Division Mines and Geology Bulletin 146: 77-95; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 108; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 144; Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70.
Colorado Clear Creek Co. Geneva District Geneva Creek ?	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
Georgia Rabun Co. Linwood-Barton District	Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
Pine Mountain Laurel Creek Mine	Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
Montana Silver Bow Co. Butte District (Summit Valley District)	The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen; "Butte, Montana, Minerals, Mines and History", The Mineralogical Record, Vol 33, No. 1, Jan-Feb, 2002
North Carolina Jackson Co. Hogback Mine	American Mineralogist ,1979, Vol. 64 pg 1300-1302
Hogback Mountain	White,John Sampson.,(1979) Boehmite Exsolution In Corundum: American Mineralogist 64.1300-1302
Mitchell Co. Bee Creek Byrd Property	Mineral Commodity Files, Asheville Regional Office, North Carolina Geological Survey
Pennsylvania Centre Co.	Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20-21; Montgomery, A. (Aug, 1972) PA Mins. (PM) (116), Keystone Newsletter; Grant, R.W. (Feb & Mar, 1973) PA Mins. (PM) (1
Clearfield Co.	Rocks & Min.: 6:26; 10:33-36, 58; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20-21; Montgomery, A. (Aug, 1972) PA Mins. (PM) (116), Keystone Newsletter; Grant, R.W.
Clinton Co.	Rocks & Min.: 6:26; 10:33-36, 58; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20-21; Montgomery, A. (Aug, 1972) PA Mins. (PM) (116), Keystone Newsletter; Grant, R.W.
Utah Juab Co. Drum Mts Detroit District (Drum District; Joy District) Fullmer-Bennett Mine	U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Utah Co. East Tintic Mts East Tintic District	UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
Virginia Augusta Co. Spottswood Bauxite District Spottswood Allen mine	Rocks & Min.:60:165.
Harris Mine	Rocks & Min.:60:165.
Lightner Mine	Rocks & Min.: 60:165.
Washington Cowlitz Co. Longview Slide Creek Cameron Creek	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
King Co. Palmer Durham Clay Deposit	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
Kanasket Clay Deposit	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
Kummer Clay Deposit	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
Kittitas Co. Hyas Lake Cle Elum Iron Deposit	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60

Vietnam
Lang Son Province Cao Loc District Dong Dang Bauxite deposit	Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., and Watanabe, Y. (2007): Mineral Resources Map of East Asia. Geological Survey of Japan.
Ma Meo Bauxite deposit	Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., and Watanabe, Y. (2007): Mineral Resources Map of East Asia. Geological Survey of Japan.

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