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Rossmanite

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Big Photo

Grotta d'Oggi Quarry, San Piero in Campo, Campo nell'Elba, Elba Island, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
© Peter Kohorst

Show Rossmanite Photos (6)



Formula:
☐(LiAl
 
2
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
System:TrigonalColour:Pale-pink to colorless.
Lustre:VitreousHardness:7
Member of:Tourmaline Group
Name:
Named after George R. Rossman (b. 1945), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, in recognition for his work on the spectroscopy of the tourmaline-group minerals (and many other mineral species).


Tourmaline Group.

Vacancy-dominant member; identification only possible with quantitative chemical analysis and/or crystal-structure refinement.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Rossmanite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Rossmanite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/E.19-05
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.CK.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
K : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
Dana 7th edition ID:61.3.1.3
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-7275.html
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Type Occurrence of Rossmanite

Type Locality:Rožná (Rozna; Roschna) pegmatite, Žďár nad Sázavou, Vysočina Region, Moravia (Mähren; Maehren), Czech Republic

Physical Properties of Rossmanite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Pale-pink to colorless.
Streak:White.
Hardness (Mohs):7

Crystallography of Rossmanite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:R3m
Cell Parameters:a = 15.802Å, c = 7.088Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.449
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,532.78 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Comment:Sample from Czech Republic has: a = 15.770(2), c = 7.085(1) Å.

Optical Data of Rossmanite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.645 nε = 1.624
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.021

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate

Chemical Properties of Rossmanite

Formula:
☐(LiAl
 
2
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Essential elements:Al, B, H, Li, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, B, H, Li, O, Si

Relationship of Rossmanite to other Species

Member of:Tourmaline Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Chromium-dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Cr
3+
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Chromo-alumino-povondraite
Na(Cr
 
3
)(Al
 
4
Mg
 
2
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Darrellhenryite
Na(LiAl
 
2
)Al
 
6
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
Si
 
6
O
 
18
(OH)
 
3
O
Dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Elbaite
Na(Li
 
1.5
Al
 
1.5
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Feruvite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Fluor-buergerite
Na(Fe
3+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
3
F
Fluor-dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Fluor-elbaite
Na(Li
 
1.5
Al
 
1.5
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Fluor-feruvite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Fluor-liddicoatite
Ca(Li
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Fluor-schorl
Na(Fe
2+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Fluor-tsilaisite
Na(Mn
2+
 
)
 
3
Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Fluor-uvite
Ca(Mg
 
3
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
Foitite
(□,Na)(Fe
2+
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
OH
Liddicoatite
Ca(Li
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Luinaite-(OH)
Na(Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Magnesiofoitite
(□,Na)(Mg
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Olenite
Na(Al
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
Oxy-chromium-dravite
Na(Cr)
 
3
(Cr
 
4
Mg
 
2
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Oxy-dravite
Na(MgAl
 
2
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Oxy-rossmanite
☐(LiAl
 
2
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Oxy-schorl
Na(Fe
2+
 
Al)
 
3
Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Oxy-vanadium-dravite
Na(V)
 
3
(V
 
4
Mg
 
2
)Si
 
6
O
 
18
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Povondraite
NaFe
3+
3
(Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
4
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Schorl
Na(Fe
2+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
Tsilaisite
Na(Mn
2+
 
)
 
3
Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
UM2000-64-SiO:BFeHKMg
K, Mg, Fe, Si, B, O, H
Unnamed (Pb-dominant tourmaline)
(Pb,Na)(Li,Al)
 
3
Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(F,OH)
Uvite
Ca(Mg
 
3
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(F/OH)
Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite
Na(V)
 
3
(Cr
 
4
Mg
 
2
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Vanadio-oxy-dravite
NaV
 
3
(Al
 
4
Mg
 
2
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.CK.Fluor-schorl
Na(Fe
2+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
9.CK.05Fluor-buergerite
Na(Fe
3+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
3
F
9.CK.05Chromium-dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Cr
3+
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Elbaite
Na(Li
 
1.5
Al
 
1.5
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Feruvite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Foitite
(□,Na)(Fe
2+
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
OH
9.CK.05Liddicoatite
Ca(Li
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Olenite
Na(Al
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Povondraite
NaFe
3+
3
(Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
4
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
9.CK.05Schorl
Na(Fe
2+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Magnesiofoitite
(□,Na)(Mg
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
9.CK.05Oxy-vanadium-dravite
Na(V)
 
3
(V
 
4
Mg
 
2
)Si
 
6
O
 
18
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
9.CK.05Oxy-dravite
Na(MgAl
 
2
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
9.CK.05Oxy-rossmanite
☐(LiAl
 
2
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
9.CK.05Chromo-alumino-povondraite
Na(Cr
 
3
)(Al
 
4
Mg
 
2
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
9.CK.05Fluor-dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
9.CK.05Fluor-uvite
Ca(Mg
 
3
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
9.CK.10Abenakiite-(Ce)
Na
 
26
Ce
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
6
(SO
 
2
)O
9.CK.15Scawtite
Ca
 
7
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
CO
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.CK.20Steenstrupine-(Ce)
Na
 
14
Mn
2+
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
Ce
 
6
(Zr,Th)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(HPO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.CK.20Thorosteenstrupine
CaMnThSi
 
4
O
 
11
(OH)F · 6H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
61.3.1.1Foitite
(□,Na)(Fe
2+
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
OH
61.3.1.2Magnesiofoitite
(□,Na)(Mg
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.4Liddicoatite
Ca(Li
 
2
Al)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.5Uvite
Ca(Mg
 
3
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(F/OH)
61.3.1.5Fluor-uvite
Ca(Mg
 
3
)MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
F
61.3.1.6Feruvite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
MgAl
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.7Fluor-buergerite
Na(Fe
3+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
3
F
61.3.1.8Povondraite
NaFe
3+
3
(Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
4
)(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O
61.3.1.9Olenite
Na(Al
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.10Elbaite
Na(Li
 
1.5
Al
 
1.5
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.11Dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.12Schorl
Na(Fe
2+
3
)Al
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.13Chromium-dravite
Na(Mg
 
3
)Cr
3+
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
18
)(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
(OH)
61.3.1.14Oxy-vanadium-dravite
Na(V)
 
3
(V
 
4
Mg
 
2
)Si
 
6
O
 
18
(BO
 
3
)
 
3
(OH)
 
3
O

Other Names for Rossmanite

Synonyms:
IMA1996-018
Other Languages:
German:Rossmanit
Japanese:ロスマン電気石
Russian:Россманит
Spanish:Rossmanita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Rossmanite

Reference List:

- +
Selway, J.B., Novák, M., Hawthorne, F.C., Cerny, P., Ottolini, L., and Kyser, T.K. (1998) Rossmanite, ◻(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)4, a new alkali-deficient tourmaline: Description and crystal structure. American Mineralogist 83, 896–900.

Grew, E.S., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) BORON: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, second edition, as revised (2002).

http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/rossmanite/Index.htm

Internet Links for Rossmanite

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    • Localities for Rossmanite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Conselheiro Pena
    		Wilson, W E (2012) Famous Mimeral localities: The Jonas Mine, Itatiaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record 43:289-317.
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Lac-du-Bonnet area
        • Bernic Lake
    		Can Min.38:877-891; Selway, J. B.; Cerny, P.; Hawthorne, F. C.; Novak, M. (2000): The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic lake, Manitoba. XIV. Internal tourmaline. Canadian Mineralogist 38, 877-891.
      • Red Cross Lake
    		Selway JB, Novák M, Cerný P, Hawthorne FC. (2000) Compositional evolution of tourmaline in lepidolite-subtype pegmatites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 569-584.; Černý, O., Teertstra, D.K., Chapman, R., Selway, J.B., Hawthorne, F.C., Ferreira, K., Chackowsky, L.E., Wang, X.J. & and Meintzer, R.E. (2012)
    China
     
    • Xinjiang Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
        • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
          • Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.)
            • Koktokay pegmatite field (Keketuohai pegmatite field)
              • Altay Mine
    		Zhang AC, Wang Ru, Hu H, Chen XM (2004) Occurrences of foitite and rossmanite from the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite dyke, Altai, Northwestern China: A record of hydrothermal fluids. Canadian Mineralogist, 42, 873-883.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • South Bohemia Region
        • Písek
    		Historic mineral collection National museum of Czech Republic
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
    		Selway J. B., Novák M., Cerný P., Hawthorne F. C., 1999, Compositional evolution of tourmaline in lepidolite-subtype pegmatites. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11:569-584.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Hrotovice
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 369-384. / http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/rossmanite/Czech_Republic_Radkovice/Radkovice-index.htm
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Novák, M., Staněk, J.: Lepidolitový pegmatit od Dobré Vody u Velkého Meziříčí, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 1999, roč. 84, s. 3 - 44.
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    Am. Mineral. (1998) 83, 896–900
    P. Pauliš (2001): Nejzajímavější naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora.
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Limbach-Oberfrohna
        • Pegmatite occurrences
    		A. Ertl, U. Kolitsch, H.-P. Meyer, T. Ludwig, C. L. Lengauer, L. Nasdala and E. Tillmanns (2009): Substitution mechanism in tourmalines of the “fluor-elbaite”-rossmanite series from Wolkenburg, Saxony, Germany. N. Jahrb. Mineral. Abh. 185, 51-61.
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
        • Elba Island
          • Campo nell'Elba
            • San Piero in Campo
    		Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
    F. Pezzotta, A. Guastoni, C. Aurisicchio (1998) - La rossmanite di Roznà e dell'Elba. - Riv. Mineral. It., 22 2: 46-50.
            • Sant'Ilario in Campo
    		Riv. Mineral. Ital. 22(2):46-50 (1998)
    Madagascar
     
    • Tuléar Province (Toliara)
      • Anosy Region (Fort Dauphin Region)
        • Amboasary District
          • Tranomaro Commune
    		http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/Special/Pig/PIG_articles/Anjahamiary.pdf/ Pezzotta, F.(2004): Der Pegmatit von Anjahamiary bei Fort Dauphin, Madagaskar. LAPIS 29 (2): 24-28
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
        • Muva
    		Yellow tourmaline from Muva, Simmons, W.B., Falster A.U. & Laurs, B.M. (2011): A survey of Mn-rich yellow tourmaline from worldwide localities and implications for the petrogenesis of granitic pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist. 49: 301-319
    Namibia
     
    Giller BS (2003) An overview of tourmaline mineralogy from gem tourmaline producing pegmatite districts in Africa. Master of Science Thesis, University of New Orleans, LA.
    Nigeria
     
    • Oyo State
    		Giller BS (2003) An overview of tourmaline mineralogy from gem tourmaline producing pegmatite districts in Africa. Master of Science Thesis, University of New Orleans, LA.
    Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)
    Simmons W., Falster A. (2004) Gem Tourmaline from Congo. Gems & Gemology 40, 263-265.
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/rossmanite/Russia_Turgenevskoye/Russia_Turgenevskoye-Index.html
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Rezh District
            • Lipovka pegmatite field
    		 Memetova L.R., Pekov I.V., Bryzgalov I.A., Kononkova N.N. (2005): Chemistry and zoning of tourmaline from the granitic pegmatites of the Lipovka, Middle Urals, Russia. (Abstract) Materials of 5th International Symposium “Mineralogical Museums”. Saint-Petersburg, Russia, pp. 151-153.
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Utö
        • Utö Mines
    		Selway, Julie B.; Smeds, Sten-Anders; Cerny, Petr; Hawthorne, Frank C. Compositional evolution of tourmaline in the petalite-subtype Nykopingsgruvan pegmatites, Uto, Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. (2002), 124, 93-102. ; Selway, J. B.; Smeds, S.-A.; Cerny, P.; Hawthorne, F. C. (2002): Compositional evolution of tourmaline in the petalite-subtype Nykopingsgruvan pegmatites, Uto, Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden. GFF 124, 93-102.
    Tanzania
     
    • Morogoro Region
    		Giller BS (2003) An overview of tourmaline mineralogy from gem tourmaline producing pegmatite districts in Africa. Master of Science Thesis, University of New Orleans, LA.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Austell District
          • St Stephen-in-Brannel
            • Whitemoor
    		Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britain and Ireland. Terra Publishing, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire. 624pp.
    USA
     
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Poland
    		Pedro-Pablo Gil-Crespo, Uxue Ostaikoetxea, Encarnación Roda-Robles, William Simmons, James Nizamoff (2012): Caracterización por XRD y Espectroscopía NIR de Turmalinas de la Serie Chorlo-Elbaita-Rossmanita de la Pegmatita de Berry-Havey (Maine, USA). Macla 16, p. 222-223.
      • Oxford Co.
        • Paris
    		http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/rossmanite/USA_Maine_Mt_Mica/Mt-Mica-index.htm
        • Rumford
    		Dyar MD, Taylor ME, Lutz TM, Francis CA, Guidotti CV, Wise M (1998) Inclusive chemical characterization of tourmaline: Mössbauer study of Fe valence and site occupancy. American Mineralogist 83, 848-864. [samples 45 and 46, labeled olenite, are actually rossmanite].
    • New York
      • Essex Co.
    		Lupulescu, M. & Rakovan, J. (2008) The 35th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers in Specimen Mineralogy, 10.
    Vietnam
     
    • Yenbai (Yen Bai) Province
      • Luc Yen
    		Min Rec 2007 38:453-457
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