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Brackebuschite

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Venus Mine, Venus Pb-Zn deposit, Sierra de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
© Stephan Wolfsried

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Formula:
Pb
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[OH|(VO
 
4
)
 
2
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Dark brown to black; ...
Hardness:4 - 5
Name:After Argentinian mineralogist Luis Brackebusch (1849-1906), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.


Brackebuschite Group .

A rare secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of hydrothermal Pb-Zn deposits.

Classification of Brackebuschite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.24-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BG.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
G : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.5:1
Dana 8th edition ID:40.2.8.1

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:21.4.18

21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
4 : Vanadates of U, Mn, Fe or Ni
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Type Occurrence of Brackebuschite

Type Locality:Venus Mine, Venus Pb-Zn deposit, Sierra de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
Place of Conservation of Type Material:The Natural History Museum, London, England: #55819. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #96255.
Year of Discovery:1880

Physical Properties of Brackebuschite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Dark brown to black; reddish brown in transmitted light.
Streak:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):4 - 5
Density (measured):6.05 - 6.11 g/cm3

Crystallography of Brackebuschite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/m (P1 1 21/m) [P21/m] {P1 21/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 8.88Å, b = 6.155Å, c = 7.681Å
β = 111.5°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.443 : 1 : 1.248
Unit Cell Volume:V 390.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals commonly acicular, elongated and striated parallel [010]; may be lathlike or wedge-shaped, flattened on {001}, with {100}, {001}, {011}, {102}, {103}, and others, perhaops without terminal faces; sprays, dendritic, botryoidal.
Comment:β = 111.5 - 111.833
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Brackebuschite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 2.280 nβ = 2.360 - 2.380 nγ = 2.480 - 2.490
2V:Calculated: 82° to 88°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.200 - 0.210

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = Nearly colourless
Y = Dark reddish brown
Z = Reddish brown

Chemical Properties of Brackebuschite

Formula:
Pb
 
2
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[OH|(VO
 
4
)
 
2
]
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Pb, V
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, Mn, O, Pb, V

Relationship of Brackebuschite to other Species

Related to:
  • Brackebuschite Group
    • Common Associates:
    WulfeniteVanadiniteDescloiziteCerussite
    Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    8.BG.05Arsentsumebite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Cu[OH|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BG.05Bearthite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Al[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.05Gamagarite
    Ba
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    3+
     
    		)[OH|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.05Goedkenite
    (Sr,Ca)
     
    2
    		Al[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.05UM1994-19
    Pb
     
    2
    		CuOHPO
     
    4
    		(Mo,As,Cr,Ga)O
     
    4
    8.BG.05Tsumebite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Cu[OH|SO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BG.05Arsenbrackebuschite
    Pb
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Zn
    2+
     
    		)[(OH,H
     
    2
    		O)|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.05Feinglosite
    Pb
     
    2
    		(Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)[OH|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BG.05Bushmakinite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Al[OH|PO
     
    4
    		|VO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BG.05Tokyoite
    Ba
     
    2
    		(Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[OH|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.05Calderónite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[OH|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.10Mélonjosephite
    CaFe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BG.15Tancoite
    LiNa
     
    2
    		Al[OH|HPO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    21.4.1Uvanite
    U
     
    2
    		V
     
    6
    		O
     
    21
    		·15H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.2Vanuranylite
    (H
     
    3
    		O)
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.3Strelkinite
    Na
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.4Carnotite
    K
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.5Margaritasite
    (Cs,K,H
     
    3
    		O)
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.6Sengierite
    Cu
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.7Metatyuyamunite
    Ca(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3-5H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.8Tyuyamunite
    Ca(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 5-8H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.9Rauvite
    Ca(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		V
     
    10
    		O
     
    28
    		·16H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.10Francevillite
    (Ba,Pb)(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.11Metavanuralite
    Al(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.12Vanuralite
    Al(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 11H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.13Curienite
    Pb(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.14Fritzscheite
    Mn(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		,VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·10H
     
    2
    		O (?)
    21.4.15Palenzonaite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		CaMn
    2+
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    21.4.16Santafeite
    (Ca,Sr,Na)
     
    12
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al,Mg)
     
    8
    		Mn
    4+
    8
    		(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    16
    		(OH,O)
     
    20
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.17Pyrobelonite
    PbMn
    2+
     
    		[OH|VO
     
    4
    		]
    21.4.19Čechite
    Pb(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)[OH|VO
     
    4
    		]
    21.4.20Heyite
    Pb
     
    5
    		Fe
    2+
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    21.4.21Mounanaite
    PbFe
    3+
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2(OH,F)
    21.4.22Schubnelite
    Fe
     
    2-x
    		V
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    4
    21.4.23Fervanite
    Fe
     
    4
    		(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.24Kazakhstanite
    Fe
     
    5
    		V
     
    3
    		V
     
    12
    		O
     
    39
    		(OH)
     
    9
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.25Bokite
    (Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    1.3
    		[(V
    5+
     
    		,V
    4+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 7.5H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.26Rusakovite
    (Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    9
    		|(VO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    21.4.27Kolovratite
    (Zn,Ni,Cu)
     
    2-5
    		Al
     
    4-6
    		(Si,V
    4+
     
    		,V
    5+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		(O,OH)
     
    20
    		·7.5H
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Brackebuschite

    Other Languages:
    German:Brackebuschit
    Russian:Бракебушит
    Spanish:Brackebuschita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Brackebuschite

    Reference List:Rammelsberg (1880) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin: 32: 711 (cites Doering).

    Doering (1883) Bol. ac. cienc. Córdoba: 5: 501.

    Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 146.

    Berry, L.G. and A.R. Graham (1948) X-ray measurements on brackebuschite and hematolite. American Mineralogist: 33: 489–495.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 1052-1053.

    Donaldson, D.M. and W.H. Barnes (1955) The structures of the minerals of the descloizite and adelite groups: III –
    brackebuschite. American Mineralogist: 40: 597-613.

    Fanfani, L. and P.F. Zanazzi (1967) Structural similarities of some secondary lead minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 522–529.

    Symes, R.F. and S.A. Williams (1973) Heyite and brackebuschite compared. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 69–73.

    Foley, J. A., Hughes, J. M. and Lange, D. (1997): The atomic arrangement of brackebuschite, redefined as Pb2(Mn3+,Fe3+)(VO4)2(OH), and comments on Mn3+ octahedra: Canadian Mineralogist: 35, 1027-1033.

    Articles/Blogs about Brackebuschite

    Internet Links for Brackebuschite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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  • Brackebuschite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Brackebuschite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Córdoba
      • Minas Department
    		Sureda (1978): Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 33(4):299-324
      • Sierra de Córdoba
        • Venus Pb-Zn deposit
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1053; Mineralogical Magazine (1973): 39: 69; Canadian Mineralogist (1997): 35: 1027; Lapis (2004): 29(1): 46.
    Gabon
     
    • Haut-Ogooué
      • Franceville
    		P. Bariand et al. , Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéral. Cristal. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 117-120.
    Germany
     
    • Saarland
      • Wadern
        • Krettnich
    		[Eur.J.Mineral. 13:145-158]
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Níjar
          • Rodalquilar mining District
    		J Gröbner collection
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Swisshelm Mts
          • Swisshelm District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 144.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 77.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Patagonia Mts
          • Palmetto District
            • Fresno Canyon
              • Tres de Mayo Mine group
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 144.
    • Colorado
      • Montrose Co.
        • Uravan District
          • Paradox Valley
    		http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/brackebuschite.pdf
    Mineral and/or Locality
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