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Chromspinel

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Formula:

Mg(Al,Cr

)

Name:

For the chemical composition.

A variety of Spinel

A chromian variety of spinel containing a large proportion of Cr in substitution for Al. Compare magnesiochromite, the Mg-Cr end-member.

Classification of Chromspinel

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Chemical Properties of Chromspinel

Formula:

Mg(Al,Cr

)

Essential elements:

Al, Mg, O

All elements listed in formula:

Al, Cr, Mg, O

Other Names for Chromspinel

Synonyms:

Chromian Spinel

Other Languages:

German:	Chromspinell
Simplified Chinese:	硬铬尖晶石

Other Information

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Chromspinel

Reference List:

- +

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 692.

Osborne, M.D., Fleet, M.E., and Bancroft, G.M. (1981) Fe 2+ - Fe 3+ ordering in chromite and Cr-bearing spinels. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 77: 251-255.

Votyakov, S.L., Chashchukhin, I.S., Uimin, S.G., and Bykov, V.N. (1998) Oxygen thermometry and barometry of chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks, examples from the South Urals: I. Mössbauer Spectroscopy of chrome spinels and the problems of olivine-spinel thermometry. Geochemistry International: 36: 706-716.

Quintiliani, M., Andreozzi, G.B., and Graziani, G. (2006) Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ quantification by different approaches and fO2 estimation for Alabanian Cr-spinels. American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.

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Localities for Chromspinel

The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

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(TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Albania
Dibër County Mat District Bater-Martanesh District Bulqiza Complex (Bulqiza Massif) Bater	American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.
Bulqiza	American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.
Shkalla	American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.
Thekna	American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.
Elbasan County Librazhd District Shebenik Massif	American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.
Tropoja ophiolitic Massif	Quintiliani, M., Andreozzi, G.B., and Graziani, G. (2006) Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ quantification by different approaches and fO2 estimation for Alabanian Cr-spinels. American Mineralogist: 91: 907-916.

Argentina
San Luis Las Aguilas	Brodtkorb, Milka K. de (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la República Argentina. Tomo I. (Asociación Mineralógica Argentina)

Australia
New South Wales Buccleuch Co. Tumut Goobarragandra Mine	Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982

Austria
Styria Fischbacher Alpen St. Jakob-Breitenau Hochlantsch Breitenau Mine (Breitenau magnesite mine)	Tufar, W., Siewers, U. & Weber, Ch. (2008): Zur Genese der paläozoischen Spatmagnesit-Lagerstätte Breitenau am Hochlantsch (Grazer Paläozoikum, Steiermark, Österreich). Joannea - Mineralogie, 4, 5-52.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Central Bosnia Canton Busovača Zagradski Creek Zagradski Potok Mine	Jurkoviae, I., Slovenec, D., and Namjesnik, K. (1993): Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 28(3), 677-690.
Sarajevo Canton Vareš Duboštica	Bermanec, V., Sijaric, G., Kniewald, G., and Mandarino, J.A. (2000): The Canadian Mineralogist 38, 1371-1376.

Botswana
Central District Letlhakane Letlhakane Mine	Stiefenhofer, J., Viljoen, K.S., and Marsh, J.S. (1997): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 127, 147-158.

Brazil
Goiás Sanclerlândia Mangabal I intrusion	Candia, M.A.F., and Gaspar, J.C. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 27-40.
Mangabal II intrusion	Candia, M.A.F., and Gaspar, J.C. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 27-40.

Canada
British Columbia Liard Mining Division Kechita River area	Jennifer Pell (1994) Carbonatites, Nepheline Syenites, Kimberlites and Related Rocks in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy Bulletin 88.
Manitoba Bird River area Maskwa West open pit	C. J. A. Coats, H. R. Stockford, and R. Buchan (1979) Geology of the Maskwa West nickel deposit, Manitoba Can Mineral, 17:309-318; C. J. A. Coats and R. Buchan (1979) Petrology of serpentinized metamorphic olivine, Bird River Sill, Manitoba Can Mineral, 17:847-855; Phillips, K. A. (1979) Minerals of Manitoba: Volume II: Metallic minerals. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/2.
Québec Nord-du-Québec Nunavik Ungava Abloviak fjord Torngat dikes	Sebastian Tappe, Stephen F. Foley, Bruce A. Kjarsgaard, Rolf L. Romer, Larry M. Heaman, Andreas Stracke, George A. Jenner, Between carbonatite and lamproite—Diamondiferous Torngat ultramafic lamprophyres formed by carbonate-fluxed melting of cratonic MARID-type metasomes, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Volume 72, Issue 13, 1 July 2008, Pages 3258-3286

China
Anhui Province Lu'an Prefecture Shou Co. Yankou complex	Am. Min. , V 90, pp. 801-813, 2005 / Journal of Petrology, June 2004, V 45, N° 6, pp. 1125-1145.
Gansu Province Jinchang Prefecture Jinchuan District Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit (Baijiazuizi Ni-Cu-PGE deposit)	Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47; Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39; Barnes, S.J. and Zhong-Li, T. (1999): Economic Geology 94(3), 343-356
Jiuquan Prefecture Subei Co. Heishan Cu-Ni deposit	Jianguo Yang, Lei Wang, Xiaohong Wang, Xie Xie, and Zhengguang Qie (2012): Geological Bulletin of China 31(2/3), 448-454
Hebei Province Chengde Prefecture Luan River valley (Luanhe valley) Gaotai village (Gao District)	Bilun Luo (1979): Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15
Tangshan Prefecture Zunhua Co. Lushigou	Xia Qiongxia, Zhi Xiachen, Li Jianghai, and Huang Xiongnan (2003): Chinese Science Bulletin 49(23), 2515-2520.
Zhuling	Xia Qiongxia, Zhi Xiachen, Li Jianghai, and Huang Xiongnan (2003): Chinese Science Bulletin 49(23), 2515-2520.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Xilin Gol League (Xilinguole Prefecture) West Ujimqin Banner (Xiwuzhumuqin Co.) Hegenshan Ophiolite Deposit No. 41	Zhengyong Qin (1976): Geology and Prospecting 12(7), 21-29.
Jiangsu Province Lianyungang Prefecture Donghai Co. Unnamed Cr occurrence	Jinsheng Wei, Zili Zheng, and Sisong Chen (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica (2), 184-186
Nanjing Prefecture Luhe District Panshishan	Zhang, W.L., Chen, L.H., and Xu, X.S. (2007): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts, A 1160.
Jiangxi Province Shangrao Prefecture Yanshan Co. (Qianshan Co.) U deposit No. 34	Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000): Uranium Geology 16(4), 204-211
Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region) Jilin Prefecture Jiaohe Co. Jiaohe peridot deposit	Rui Liu (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(6), 17-19
Qinghai Province Golog Autonomous Prefecture (Guoluo Autonomous Prefecture) Maqên Co. Dur'ngoi Ophiolite De'erni Cu-Co-(Zn) deposit (Derni Cu-Co-(Zn) deposit)	Guolian Duan (1998): Geology of Chemical Minerals 20(4), 287-294
Haixi Autonomous Prefecture North Qaidam UHP Terrane Lüliangshan complex	Shuguang Song, Lifei Zhang, Yaoling Niu, Li Su, Ping Jian, Dunyi Liu (2005): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234, 99-118.
Shandong Province Jiaodong Peninsula (Jiaodong Gold Province) Weihai Prefecture Rongcheng Co. Macaokuang CCSD-PP6 Drill hole	Yufeng Ren, Jingsui Yang, Tianfu Li, and Zhongming Zhang (2006): 3rd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), July 10-14, 2006, Abstract 59-SE-A0302.
Sichuan Province Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture Huili Co. Limahe Cu-Ni deposit	Yan Tao, Chusi Li, Xieyan Song, and Ripley, E.M. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 849-872
Ya'an Prefecture Shimian Co. Jianshibao Asbestos mine	Shaoying Jiang, Guangrong Zhang, Hui'e Liang, and Weiqi Huang (1984): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 4(4), 296-302
Tibet Autonomous Region Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture) Amdo Co. (Anduo Co.) Anduo Cr deposit	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
Ngari Prefecture Gêrzê Co. (Gaize) Dongco ophiolite	Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671.
Rutog Co. (Ritu) Bangong Lake ophiolite (Bangong Co)	Rendeng Shi, Jinsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, and Xuexiang Qi (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5/6), 438-457.
Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.) Luobusha ophiolite ("Luobusa ophiolite")	Wenji Bai, Robinson, P.T., Qingsong Fang, Jingsui Yang, Binggang Yan, Zhongming Zhang, Xufeng Hu, Meifu Zhou, and Malpas, J. (2000): Canadian Mineralogist 38(3), 585-598.
Xinjiang Autonomous Region Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture (Bayingolin Autonomous Prefecture; Bayinguoleng Autonomous Prefecture) Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.) Pobei ore district Poshi Ni-(Cu) deposit	Jingwen Mao, Pirajno, F., Zuoheng Zang, Fengmei Chai, Hua Wu, Shiping Chen, Linsong Cheng, Jianmin Yang, and Changqing Zhang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (in press).
Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture) Hami Co. (Kumul Co.; Qumul Co.) Baishiquan ore district Tianyu Cu-Ni deposit	Linshan Song, Lijin Wang, Gang Deng, Jun Li, and Fengmei Chai (2008): Metal Mine 381(3), 114-117
Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt Xiangshan Cu-Ni-V-Ti deposit	Jingwen Mao, Pirajno, F., Zuoheng Zang, Fengmei Chai, Hua Wu, Shiping Chen, Linsong Cheng, Jianmin Yang, and Changqing Zhang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (in press).
Kashi Prefecture (Kashgar Prefecture; Qeshqer Prefecture) Bachu Co. (Maralbexi Co.; Maralbeshi Co.) Wajiertage Picrite outcrops	Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
Kargilik Co. (Yecheng Co.) Kudi ophiolite	Zhihong Wang, Shu Sun, Jiliang Li, and Quanlin Hou (2002): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143, 471-483.
Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Tacheng Prefecture (Tarbaghatay Prefecture) Tuoli Co. (Toli Co.) Sartohay (Sartokay; Sartuohai; Saertuohai) Sartohay Mine	Kobayashi, S., and Kaneda, H. (2010): Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105(3), 112-122
Yunnan Province Honghe Autonomous Prefecture Gejiu Co. Gejiu Sn-polymetallic ore field	Fusheng Dai (1990): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 9(3), 224-233
Jinping Co. Baimazhai Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit	Chuanjie Pu, Dexian Qin, Hong Nian, Xueshu Zhang, Pirajno, F., and Zhuguo Fan (2007): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 26(4), 374-383.

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate Eastern Desert Barramiya Chromitite outcrops	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
Bir Bitan Abu Dahr	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
El Galala Gebel Belamhandite	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
Gabbro Akarem Cu-Ni deposit	Helmy, H.M., and Mogessie, A. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 58-71.
Gebel El-Rabshi	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
Wadi Bezah	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
Wadi El-Lawi	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
Wadi El-Zarka	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.
Wadi Um Huitate	Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84.

France
Languedoc-Roussillon Hérault Montpellier Montferrier	N. Cabanes and J.C.C. Mercier, Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 65-77.

Germany
Bavaria Franconia Münchberg Metamorphic complex Oberkotzau Wurlitz Heß quarry	Rost, F. (1949): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1(5/6), 627-688.

Greenland
Kitaa (West Greenland) Province Nuuk (Godthåb) Fiskenaes (Fiskenaesset; Qeqertarsuatsiaat)	Petersen, O. V. & Secher, K. (1993): The Minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24 (2): 1-67

India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andaman Islands Rutland Island	Ghosh, B. & Morishita, T. (2011): Andradite-uvarovite solid solution from hydrothermally altered podiform chromitite, Rutland ophiolite, Andaman, India. Canadian Mineralogist. 49, 573-580

Italy
Basilicata Potenza Province Melfi Vulture Mount Vallone Toppo di Lupo	Stoppa, F., and Woolley, A.R. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 59, 43-67
Liguria Genova Province Bracco	Can. Miner. 35, 899-908 (1997)
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Different Municipalities Finero Ultramafic Complex (incl. Rio Creves)	Zaccarini, F., Stumpfl, E.F., and Garuti, G. (2004) Zirconolite and Zr-Th-U minerals in chromitites of the Finero complex, Western Alps, Italy: evidence for carbonatite-type metasomatism in a subcontinental mantle plume. Canadian Mineralogist, 42, 1825-1845.
Umbria Terni Province San Venanzo Vispi Quarry (incl. Celli; Pian di Celle)	Stoppa, F., Sharygin, V.V., and Cundari, A. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 61, 27-45.

Japan
Honshu Island Chugoku Region Tottori Prefecture Hino-gun Nichinan-cho Wakamatsu mine	Alfredo Petrov collection; Bamba, Takeo (1978) The Alpine Chrome Ores from Japan. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. lV, vol. 18, nos. 1-2, Feb., 1978, 167-179
Inatsumiyama (Inazumiyama)	Arai et al (1999) Mineralogical Magazine, 63, 369-377.

Kazakhstan
Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast') Kalba Range Suzdal Mine	Kovalev, K.R., Kalinin, Y.A., Naumov, E.A., Pirajno, F., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 186-205.

Madagascar
Antananarivo Province Vakinankaratra Region Antsirabé 2 District Soamiakatra	Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Rakotosamizanany, S., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Maluski, H., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., and Ratrimo, V. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 134-154.
Mahajanga Province (Majunga) Betsiboka Region Tsaratanàna District Andriamena Commune Lavatrafo	McDonald, I., Ohnenstetter, D., Ohnenstetter, M., and Vaughan, D.J. (1999): Palladium oxides in ultramafic complexes near Lavatrafo, western Andriamena, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine. 63: 345-352.

Morocco
Souss-Massa-Draâ Region Ouarzazate Province Tazenakht Bou Azer District (Bou Azzer District)	S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)

Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise Hess Deep	Matsukage, K., and Arai, S. (1998): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 131, 111-122.

Russia
Eastern-Siberian Region Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia) Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field Alakit-Markha Ottorzhenets kimberlite body	Zinchuk, N.N., and Koptil, V.I. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 308-317.
Pervomaiskaya vein	Zinchuk, N.N., and Koptil, V.I. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 308-317.
Daldyn Udachnaya-Vostochnaya pipe (Udachnaya pipe)	Boyd, F.R., Pokhilenko, N.P., Pearson, D.G., Mertzman, S.A., Sobolev, N.V., and Finger, L.W. (1997): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 128, 228-246.
Far-Eastern Region Khabarovskiy Kray Ayan-Maya district Aldan shield Konder (Kondyor) alkaline-ultrabasic massif (Konder placers; Konder mine)
Urals Region Middle Urals Sverdlovskaya Oblast' Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) Malyshevo Izumrudnye Kopi area	E. Y. Kievlenko (2003) Geology of Gems, 82-83
Isovsky District Is River	[MinRec 31:203]
Southern Urals Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic Nurali complex	F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).
Chelyabinsk Oblast' Ilmen Mts Ilmen Natural Reserve Pit No. 97 (N97 Mine)	The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 39, pp. 1095-1104 (2001)
Magnitogorsk Sakhara (Sakharinskii) District Sakhara massif	Mikhailov, B.M. (2000): Lithology and Mineral Resources 35(4), 351-364.
Orenburgskaya Oblast' Svetlyi Buruktal District Buruktal massif	Mikhailov, B.M. (2000): Lithology and Mineral Resources 35(4), 351-364.

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Brezno Co. Beňuš Filipovo	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Brezno	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Hudák Valley	Rojkovič I. & Hovorka D., 1979: Relation of ore mineralization to geochemistry of the West Carpathian ultramafic massifs. Geol. Zbor. Geol. Carpath., 30, 4, 449-462.
Pohronská Polhora	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Poltár Co. Cinobaňa	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Málinec	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Uhorské	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Revúca Co. Muránska Dlhá Lúka	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Ploské Hámor - Forovo Serpentinite deposit	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Košice Region Gelnica Co. Jaklovce Švablica	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Košice Co. Bukovec	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Hodkovce	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Medzev Mt Strážny	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Rudník	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Vyšný Klátov	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Rožňava Co. Dobšiná (Dobschau) Mining District	Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002:Nejznámejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 136p
Štítnik	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Spišská Nová Ves Co. Rudňany ore belt	Ďuďa R., Peterec D., 1995 : Die Mineralien der siderit - baryt lagersttäte von Rudňany ( Kotterbach ) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern/, 1, s.20 - 31
Prešov Region Prešov Co. Sedlice	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590

South Africa
Limpopo Province Bushveld Complex Burgersfort Sekhukhuneland Driekop mine	South African Journal of Geology, Dec. 2004, V 107, N 4, pp. 505-520.
Twyfelaar Mine	South African Journal of Geology, Dec. 2004, V 107, N 4, pp. 505-520.
Mpumalanga Province Eastern Bushveld Complex Lydenburg District Mooihoek Farm 255 KT	South African Journal of Geology, Dec. 2004, V 107, N 4, pp. 505-520.
Onverwacht Mine	South African Journal of Geology, Dec. 2004, V 107, N 4, pp. 505-520.
Northern Cape Province Kimberley Bultfontein Mine	S.E. Haggerty, J.R. Smyth, A.J. Erlank, R.S. Rickard, R.V. Danchin: Amer. Mineral. 68:494-505 (1983)
De Beers Mine	S.E. Haggerty, J.R. Smyth, A.J. Erlank, R.S. Rickard, R.V. Danchin: Amer. Mineral. 68:494-505 (1983)

Spain
Castile-La Mancha Ciudad Real Almadén District Almadenejos El Entredicho Mine	Hernández, A., Jébrak, M., Higueras, P., Oyarzun, R., Morata, D., and Munhá, J. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 539-548.

Switzerland
Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden) Albula Valley Landwasser Valley Davos Wolfgang Tot Alp	Peters, T. (1968): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 18, 65-75.
Engadin Sils im Engadin Blaunca	Philipp R. (1983): Die Kupfervererzung von Blaunca, Sils-Oberengadin. Bergknappe 26, 20-24.

Taiwan
Taiwan Province Penghu Co. Hengchung	S.L. Hwang et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 457-469.

Turkey
Aegean Region Manisa Province Turgutlu Çaldağ Mine	Thorne, R., Herrington, R., and Roberts, S. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 581-595

UK
Scotland North West Highlands (Inverness-shire) Isle of Rum Rum Central Complex	Power, M.R., Pirrie, D., Andersen, J.C.O., and Butcher, A.R. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 762-775.

USA
Arkansas Pike Co. Murfreesboro Crater of Diamonds State Park (Arkansas Diamond Corp. Mine; Mauney Mine; Ozark Mine; Prairie Creek Lamproite)	Am. Mineral. 83:1323-1329 (1998)
California Stanislaus Co. Diablo Range Black Wonder District Red Mountain Red Mountain-Del Puerto ultramafic mass	Himmelberg, G.R. and Coleman, R.G. (1968) Chemistry of primary minerals and rocks from the Red Mountain-Del Puerto ultramafic mass, California. USGS Prof. Paper 600-C: 20-24; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 148.
Hawaii Honolulu Co. Oahu Island Koolau Range (Koolau caldera) Pali	B. De Vivo et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 307-319.
Washington Kittitas Co. Kachess Lake Cle Elum River Iron Mine (Cle Elum River North Depost; Cle Elum River South Deposit; Balfor Guthrie Mine)	Metal Mines of Washington-Preliminary Report; Derkey, Joseph, Lasmanis

Venezuela
Bolívar Guaniamo	Canadian Mineralogist (2000) Vol. 38, pp. 1347-137

Vietnam
Cao Bang Province Cao Bang District Suôi Cun massif	Glotov, A.I., Polyakov, G.V., Tran Trong Hoa, Ngô Thi Phuong, Izokh, A.E., Kovyazin, S.V., Balykin, P.A., Hoang Huu Thanh, Bui An Nien, and Pham Thi Dung (2006): Russian Geology and Geophysics 47(7), 821-834

Zimbabwe
Matabeleland South Beitbridge District River Ranch Mine	Kopylova, M.G., Gurney, J.J., and Daniels, L.R.M. (1997): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 129, 366-384.

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