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Bustamite

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Big Photo

Zinc Corporation Mine (ZC Mine), Broken Hill, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
© Knut Eldjarn

Show Bustamite Photos (73)



Formula:
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
System:TriclinicColour:Pale to medium pink; ...
Hardness:5½ - 6½
Member of:Wollastonite Group
Name:
After Anastasio Bustamente (1780-1853), a General, of Mexico.


Wollastonite Group.

The Mn analogue of ferrobustamite.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Bustamite. Currently in public beta-test.

Classification of Bustamite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.18-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DG.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
Dana 8th edition ID:65.2.1.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.18.13

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
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Type Occurrence of Bustamite

Type Locality:Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1822

Occurrences of Bustamite

Geological Setting:In metamorphosed manganese ores, typically skarns

Physical Properties of Bustamite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Pale to medium pink; brownish red; colourless to yellowish pink in transmitted light
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100} perfect; on {110} and {110} good; on {010} poor.
Density (measured):3.32 - 3.43 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.421 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bustamite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 15.41Å, b = 7.15Å, c = 13.82Å
α = 89.48°, β = 94.85°, γ = 102.93°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.155 : 1 : 1.933
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,478.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:12
Morphology:Crystals prismatic, acicular; tabular on {001}. Commonly fibrous, cleavable massive.
Twinning:On {110} as the composition plane, simple twins, rare.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Bustamite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.640 - 1.695 nβ = 1.651 - 1.708 nγ = 1.653 - 1.710
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.013 - 0.015

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v or r < v
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X=Z= orange
Y= rose

Chemical Properties of Bustamite

Formula:
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
Essential elements:Ca, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Mg,Zn,Fe

Relationship of Bustamite to other Species

Member of:Wollastonite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
Pectolite
NaCa
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
Tanohataite
LiMn
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
Wollastonite
CaSiO
 
3
Common Associates:
WollastoniteRhodoniteRhodoniteJohannseniteGrossular
GlaucochroiteDiopsideCalcite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DG.05Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
9.DG.05Pectolite
NaCa
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
9.DG.05Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
9.DG.05Wollastonite
CaSiO
 
3
9.DG.05Wollastonite-1A
CaSiO
 
3
9.DG.07Cascandite
Ca(Sc,Fe
3+
 
)(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
9.DG.08Plombièrite
Ca
 
5
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · 7H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Clinotobermorite
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
) · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Riversideite
Ca
 
5
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Tobermorite
Ca
 
4+x
(H
 
2-2x
Si
 
6
O
 
17
) · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.15Foshagite
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)(OH)
 
2
9.DG.20Jennite
Ca
 
9
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
 · 8H
 
2
O
9.DG.25Paraumbite
K
 
3
Zr
 
2
H(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.DG.25Umbite
K
 
2
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
3
O
 
9
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.30Sørensenite
Na
 
4
SnBe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
4
9.DG.35Xonotlite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)(OH)
 
2
9.DG.40Hillebrandite
Ca
 
2
(SiO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
9.DG.45Zorite
Na
 
8
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,O)
 
5
 · 14H
 
2
O
9.DG.45Chivruaiite
Ca
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,O)
 
5
 · 13-14H
 
2
O
9.DG.50Haineaultite
(Na,Ca)
 
5
Ca(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
8
 · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.55Epididymite
Na
 
2
Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.60Eudidymite
Na
 
2
Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.65Elpidite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
6
O
 
15
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.DG.70Fenaksite
(K,Na)
 
4
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
9.DG.70Litidionite
CuNaKSi
 
4
O
 
10
9.DG.70Manaksite
KNaMnSi
 
4
O
 
10
9.DG.75Tinaksite
K
 
2
Na(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
9.DG.75Tokkoite
K
 
2
Ca
 
4
Si
 
7
O
 
17
(O,OH,F)
 
4
9.DG.75Senkevichite
CsKNaCa
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
9.DG.80Canasite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
(OH,F)
 
4
9.DG.80Fluorcanasite
K
 
3
Na
 
3
Ca
 
5
Si
 
12
O
 
30
F
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.85Miserite
K(Ca,Ce)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
13
(OH)
 
3
9.DG.90Frankamenite
K
 
3
Na
 
3
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(F,OH)
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.92Charoite
(K,Sr)
 
15-16
(Ca,Na)
 
32
[Si
 
6
O
 
11
(O,OH)
 
6
]
 
2
[Si
 
12
O
 
18
(O,OH)
 
12
]
 
2
[Si
 
17
O
 
25
(O,OH)
 
18
]
 
2
(OH,F)
 
4
 · ~3H
 
2
O
9.DG.95Yuksporite
(K,Ba)NaCa
 
2
(Si,Ti)
 
4
O
 
11
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
9.DG.97Eveslogite
(Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)
 
48
 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
12
Si
 
48
O
 
144
(OH)
 
12
](F,OH,Cl)
 
14
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.18.1Nambulite
(Li,Na)Mn
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.2Natronambulite
(Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH
14.18.3Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.4Norrishite
KLiMn
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)O
 
2
14.18.5Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.6Abswurmbachite
CuMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.7Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
14.18.8Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.9Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.10Gonyerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
14.18.11Tirodite
14.18.12Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
14.18.14Glaucochroite
CaMn
2+
 
SiO
 
4
14.18.15Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.16Santaclaraite
CaMn
 
4
[Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH](OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.17Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.18Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.19Neltnerite
CaMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.20Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.21Inesite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Si
 
10
O
 
28
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
14.18.22Orientite
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.23Ruizite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|H
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
13
] · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.24Bostwickite
CaMn
 
6
Si
 
3
O
 
16
 · 7H
 
2
O
14.18.25Kittatinnyite
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Mn(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 9H
 
2
O
14.18.26Lithiomarsturite
LiCa
 
2
Mn
 
2
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.27Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.18.28Kvanefjeldite
Na
 
4
(Ca,Mn)(Si
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
14.18.29Marsturite
NaCaMn
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.30Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
14.18.31Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.18.32Byelorussite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
MnTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.33Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
14.18.34Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
14.18.35Pyroxmangite
MnSiO
 
3
14.18.36Dannemorite
14.18.37Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
14.18.38Babingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Fe,Mn)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.39Manganbabingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.40Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3

Other Names for Bustamite

Synonyms:
Buchstamite
Other Languages:
German:Buchstamit
Bustamit
Russian:Бустамит
Simplified Chinese:钙蔷薇辉石
Spanish:Buchstamita
Bustamita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Magenta-red (LW UV)(Franklin Mine, NJ).
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:		Pink color fades on exposure to sunlight.
Health Warning:None.

References for Bustamite

Reference List:

- +
Larsen, E.S. and Shannon, E.V. (1922) Bustamite from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. American Mineralogist: 7: 95-100.

Peacor, D.R. and Buerger, M.J. (1962) Determination and refinement of the crystal structure of bustamite, CaMnSi2O6. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 117: 331-343.

Harada, K., Sekino, H., Nagashima, K., Watanabe, T., and Momoi, K. (1974) High-iron bustamite and fluorapatite from the Broken Hill mine, New South Wales, Australia. Mineralogical Magazine: 39: 601-604.

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J. (1978) Rock-forming minerals, 2nd. edition, Vol. 2A: 574-585.

Ohashi, Y. and Finger, L.W. (1978) The role of octahedral cations in pyroxenoid crystal chemistry. I. Bustamite, wollastonite, and the pectolite-schizolite-serandite series. American Mineralogist: 63: 274-288.

Mineralogical Magazine: 49: 37-48.

Dunn, Pete J. (1995): Franklin and Sterling Hill New Jersey: the world's most magnificent mineral deposits, Part 3: 438. (http://franklin-sterlinghill.com/dunn/ch17/bustamite.stm).

Best Localities for Bustamite

Best of Species:Bustamite

Internet Links for Bustamite

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    • Localities for Bustamite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
      • Humahuaca Department
        • Aguilar district
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:2085-2112; Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333. Birch et al., 1982, Minerals of Broken Hill
    Demetrius Pohl collection, Rock Currier photo
    Minerals Of Broken Hill, Worner and Mitchell Editors, AMS Ltd. Publishers
    "Minerals of Broken Hill" Worner and Mitchell editors, AMS LTD publishers
    • Queensland
      • Mount Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Mary Kathleen district
    		Econ Geol (1985) 80:513-518
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Kaprun valley
          • Mooserboden reservoir
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Kardzhali (Kurdzhali; Kărdžali; Kurdjali) Oblast
      • Ardino Obshtina
    • Smolyan Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
    		[MinRec 22 p.439]
    Canada
     
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
    		Gunnar Farber
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Longyan Prefecture
        • Liancheng Co.
          • Liancheng Mn deposit
    		Nanlai Zheng, Xingli Mao, and Jiansheng Ding (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 17-20
        • Zhangping Co.
    		Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.; Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(4), 345-359
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Ulanhad League (Chifeng Prefecture)
        • Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi)
    		Chengdong Xiao and Yongfu Wei (2004): Geological Survey and Research 27(suppl.), 9-15
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Shangyou Co.
    		Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003): Mineral Deposits 22(4), 345-359; Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan, D., Ye, J., and Li, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 31-53.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
              • Wingertsberg
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Honduras
     
    • Santa Bárbara Department
    		Econ Geol (2004) 99:1223-1231
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Susa Valley
          • Cesana Torinese
    		Brizio, P., Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010). L'affioramento a Mn, SiO, Fe, S di Roccia Rossa, Cesana, Torino. Micro (località) 1/2010, 313-328
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Strona Valley
    		Bertolani, M. (1976): Il giacimento manganesifero di Ravinella di Sotto presso Forno (Valle Strona di Omegna).
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
    		http://www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Bustamite.PDF
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Fukui Prefecture
          • Mikata-kaminaka-gun
            • Wakasa-cho
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Ono City
            • Nakatatsu mine
    		Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
    Tokunaga, M. (1965): Science Reports of the Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, 9:67-87
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		(unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors; needs confirmation)
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Shimobe
    		mineralhunters.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kusama.html
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
    		Takaharu Araki collection label; Handbook of Mineralogy.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kuji City
            • Yamagata
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Noda
    		Watanabe, T. (1959) Mineralogical Journal, 2, 6, 408-421
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Iwaizumi
    		No reference listed
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Yamagata Prefecture
          • Mogami
    		Geological Survey of Japan, 1960.; Akira Kato (2011) Reference informations on distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 1 (April, 2011).
    • Kyushu Region
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fuzimoto, M. (2006): Manganese minerals from manganese mines, Takachiho district, Miyazaki Prefecture. Part 1. Shimozuru Mine. Chigaku Kenkyu 54, 213-221. (in Japanese)
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Urique
        • Piedras Verde (Piedras Verdes)
    		http://www.diabras.com/en/bolivar_field_reports.php
    • Puebla
    		Dana 6:569
    Mongolia
     
    • Sühbaatar Aimag (Sükhbaatar Aimag)
      • Baruun-Urt
    		Gottesmann, W. et al. (2009): N. Jb. Mineral. 185, 249-280
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 368 pp. (in English)
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Øvre Eiker
        • Gunhildrud
    		Jahren, J.; Berg, H.J.; Hurum, J.H. & Wulff-Pedersen, E. (1998): Nye undersøkelser av amazonitt-genthelvin pegmatitten fra Fiskum, Øvre Eiker. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 14, 13-16
    • Oslo
      • Bjerke
        • Årvoll
    		Neumann, H. & Nilssen, B.(1981): Inesitt (?) Bustamitt. NAGS-Nytt 8 (2),33 (in norwegian)
    • Telemark
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Wel, D.van der. (1999): The Minerals of the Brandsnuten Manganes Deposit, Tokke, Norway. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 15: 74-86
    Peru
     
    • Lima Department
      • Oyon Province
    		No reference listed
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
    		www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Yeniseisk Autonomous Oblast'
          • Kuznetsk Alatau Range
    		Kuleshov, V.N., and Bych, A.F. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(4), 330-343.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Baksan Valley
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • Bellmunt del Priorat
    		Joan Abella i Creus (2008): Minerals I Mines De La Conca De Bellmunt Del Priorat.
          • El Molar
    		Joan Abella i Creus, pers. comm.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Ludvika
    		No reference listed
    • Dalsland
      • Åmål
        • Strandhem ore field
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:237; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Denizli Province
        • Kale
    		Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Liskeard District
          • Altarnun
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm ; BMS Database; Mineralogical Magazine 1966 35 : 991-994.
    Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Broadford
            • Torrin
    USA
     
    • California
    		AmMin 21:69
      • Madera Co.
        • Agnew Meadows
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 116; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411.
    • Colorado
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • San Juan Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Gladstone
    		juanita Curtiss specimen
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
    		Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache (1935): 69; Mason, B.: Am. Min.: 60: 209-212 (1975); Dunn (1995):Pt3:438.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:438-439.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Hanover-Fierro District
    		Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1985) 89:379-393
    • Washington
      • Clallam Co.
        • Lake Crescent
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.62
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Mount Jupiter
          • Elkhorn Group
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.63
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