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Cancrinite

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Big Photo

Farnese, Viterbo Province, Latium, Italy
© Di Domenico Dario

Show Cancrinite Photos (65)



Formula:
(Na,Ca,☐)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(CO
 
3
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:grey-green, white, ...
Hardness:5 - 6
Member of:Cancrinite Group
Name:For Count Egor Frantsevich Kankrin (Georg Cancrin) (1774-1845), Russian Minister of Finance.


Cancrinite Group.

Classification of Cancrinite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.09-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.FB.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
Dana 8th edition ID:76.2.5.3

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.4.7

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
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Type Occurrence of Cancrinite

Type Locality:Miass (Miask), Ilmen Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1839

Occurrences of Cancrinite

Geological Setting:Primary mineral in alkalic igneous rocks, alteration product of nepheline.

Physical Properties of Cancrinite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:grey-green, white, yellow, blue, orange, reddish
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {1010}, poor on {0001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):2.42 - 2.51 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.49 g/cm3

Crystallography of Cancrinite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6 - Pyramidal
Space Group:P63
Cell Parameters:a = 12.67(9) Å, c = 5.15(4) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.406
Unit Cell Volume:V 715.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:Rarely as prismatic crystals.
Twinning:Rare lamellar
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Cancrinite

Type:Uniaxial (+/-)
RI values: nω = 1.507 - 1.528 nε = 1.495 - 1.503
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012 - 0.025

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low

Chemical Properties of Cancrinite

Formula:
(Na,Ca,☐)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(CO
 
3
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, C, H, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, C, Ca, H, Na, O, S, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Fe,Mg,K,Cl,S

Relationship of Cancrinite to other Species

Member of:Cancrinite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Afghanite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
Alloriite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
26
Ca
 
4
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
Cl
 
6
Biachellaite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
0.5
 · H
 
2
O
Bystrite
(Na,K)
 
7
Ca(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(S
 
3
)
 
1.5
 · H
 
2
O
Cancrisilite
Na
 
7
(Al
 
5
Si
 
7
O
 
24
)(CO
 
3
) · 3H
 
2
O
Davyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
Depmeierite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
1-x
 · 3H
 
2
O (x<0.5)
Franzinite
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
Giuseppettite
(Na,K,Ca)
 
7-8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
Hydroxycancrinite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
Kircherite
Na
 
5
Ca
 
2
K(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 0.33H
 
2
O
Kyanoxalite
Na
 
7
(Al
 
6-x
Si
 
6+x
O
 
24
)(C
 
2
O
 
4
)
 
0.5+x
 · 5H
 
2
O (0 < x < 0.5)
Liottite
(Na,K)
 
16
Ca
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
Cl
 
4
Marinellite
(Na,K)
 
42
Ca
 
6
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
8
Cl
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
Microsommite
Na
 
4
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
Pitiglianoite
Na
 
6
K
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
Quadridavyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)Cl
 
4
Sacrofanite
(Na,K)
 
98
Ca
 
20
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
14
(SO
 
4
)
 
26
Cl
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
Tounkite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl · H
 
2
O
Vishnevite
(Na,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
) · 2H
 
2
O
Common Associates:
SodaliteOrthoclaseNephelineNatroliteMonticellite
Andradite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.FB.05Afghanite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Bystrite
(Na,K)
 
7
Ca(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(S
 
3
)
 
1.5
 · H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Cancrisilite
Na
 
7
(Al
 
5
Si
 
7
O
 
24
)(CO
 
3
) · 3H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Davyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(Cl
 
2
,SO
 
4
)
 
2
9.FB.05Franzinite
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Giuseppettite
(Na,K,Ca)
 
7-8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
9.FB.05Hydroxycancrinite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Liottite
(Na,K)
 
16
Ca
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
Cl
 
4
9.FB.05Microsommite
Na
 
4
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
9.FB.05Pitiglianoite
Na
 
6
K
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
) · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Quadridavyne
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)Cl
 
4
9.FB.05Sacrofanite
(Na,K)
 
98
Ca
 
20
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
14
(SO
 
4
)
 
26
Cl
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Tounkite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Cl · H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Vishnevite
(Na,K)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
) · 2H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Marinellite
(Na,K)
 
42
Ca
 
6
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
8
Cl
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Farneseite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
56
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
12
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Alloriite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
26
Ca
 
4
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
Cl
 
6
9.FB.05Fantappièite
[Na
 
82.5
Ca
 
33
K
 
16.5
](Si
 
99
Al
 
99
O
 
396
)(SO
 
4
)
 
33
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Kyanoxalite
Na
 
7
(Al
 
6-x
Si
 
6+x
O
 
24
)(C
 
2
O
 
4
)
 
0.5+x
 · 5H
 
2
O (0 < x < 0.5)
9.FB.05Balliranoite
(Na,K)
 
6
Ca
 
2
(Si
 
6
Al
 
6
O
 
24
)Cl
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
9.FB.05Carbobystrite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(CO
 
3
) · 3.5H
 
2
O
9.FB.05Depmeierite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
1-x
 · 3H
 
2
O (x<0.5)
9.FB.05Kircherite
Na
 
5
Ca
 
2
K(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 0.33H
 
2
O
9.FB.10Bicchulite
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
)(OH)
 
2
9.FB.10Danalite
Fe
2+
4
(Be
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
)S
9.FB.10Genthelvite
Zn
 
4
(Be
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
)S
9.FB.10Haüyne
(Na,Ca)
 
4-8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
(O,S)
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,Cl)
 
1-2
9.FB.10Helvite
Mn
2+
4
(Be
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
)S
9.FB.10Kamaishilite
Ca
 
2
(Al
 
2
SiO
 
6
)(OH)
 
2
9.FB.10Lazurite
(Na,Ca)
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(S,SO
 
4
,Cl
 
2
)
9.FB.10Nosean
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
)
9.FB.10Sodalite
Na
 
8
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)Cl
 
2
9.FB.10Tsaregorodtsevite
(N(CH
 
3
)
 
4
)(AlSi
 
5
O
 
12
)
9.FB.10Tugtupite
Na
 
4
(AlBeSi
 
4
O
 
12
)Cl
9.FB.10Helvine
9.FB.15Marialite
Na
 
4
Al
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
Cl
9.FB.15Meionite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
CO
 
3
9.FB.15Silvialite
(Ca,Na)
 
4
(Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
)(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.4.1Tilleyite
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
17.4.2Spurrite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
17.4.3Paraspurrite
17.4.4Scawtite
Ca
 
7
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
CO
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
17.4.5Fukalite
Ca
 
4
[Si
 
2
O
 
6
][CO
 
3
](OH)
 
2
17.4.6Meionite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
CO
 
3
17.4.8Carletonite
KNa
 
4
Ca
 
4
Si
 
8
O
 
18
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH,F) · H
 
2
O
17.4.9Iimoriite-(Y)
Y
 
2
[SiO
 
4
][CO
 
3
]
17.4.10Kainosite-(Y)
Ca
 
2
(Y,Ce)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)(CO
 
3
) · H
 
2
O
17.4.11Caysichite-(Y)
Ca
 
2
Y
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
10
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
 · 4H
 
2
O
17.4.12Lepersonnite-(Gd)
Ca(Gd,Dy)
 
2
(UO
 
2
)
 
24
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(CO
 
3
)
 
8
(OH)
 
24
 · 48H
 
2
O
17.4.13Ashburtonite
Pb
 
4
Cu
 
4
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)(HCO
 
3
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
Cl · H
 
2
O
17.4.14Surite
(Pb,Ca)
 
3
(Al,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
((Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
10
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
17.4.15Tundrite-(Ce)
Na
 
2
Ce
 
2
Ti(SiO
 
4
)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
O
 
2
17.4.16Tundrite-(Nd)
Na
 
3
(Nd,La)
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
O
 
4
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O

Other Names for Cancrinite

Other Languages:
German:Cancrinit
Russian:Канкринит
Simplified Chinese:钙霞石
Spanish:Cancrinita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cancrinite

Reference List:

- +
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 427-428.

Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman (1963) Rock-forming minerals, vol. 4, framework silicates, 310-320.

Foit, F.F., Jr. (1973) Cancrinite with a new superstructure from Bancroft, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist: 11: 940-951.

Grundy, H.D. and I. Hassan (1982) The crystal structure of a carbonate-rich cancrinite. Canadian Mineralogist: 20: 239-251.

Canadian Mineralogist: 20: 239-251.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 122: 407-422.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (1995) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume II. Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 904pp., 2 sub-volumes: 109.

Internet Links for Cancrinite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Cancrinite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Cancrinite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    Mineralogical Record (2001) 32:253
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1001-1024.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Armenia
     
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		Bottrill, RS, 1997. The Minerals of the Cygnet District. The Mineralogical Society of Tasmania Newsletter, 25, p.12
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Ayopaya Province
    		Alfredo Petrov collection; Laszlo Horvath collection
        • Morochata
    		Alfredo Petrov collection; Federico Ahlfeld field notes
    Brazil
     
    • Goiás
      • Arenópolis
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Minas Gerais
      • Poços de Caldas plateau
    		No reference listed
    Machado (1888)
      • Serra do Salitre
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Pará
      • Oriximiná
        • Acaraí range
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • São Paulo
    		http://www.igc.usp.br/geologiausp/iga/art.php?artigo=7
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Mandalay Division
      • Sagaing District
        • Mogok
    		Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.
    Cameroon
     
    • South Region
      • Kribi
    		Cesbron et al. (1988)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		Edingtonite and Natrolite from Ice river, British Columbia, Grice, Gault, 1981; Mineralogical Record 12 221-226
    • Ontario
      • Haliburton Co.
        • Glamorgan Township
    		Ref.: Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 39
      • Hastings Co.
        • Dungannon Township
    		[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
          • Davis Hill
    		[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]; Mineralogical Record (1990) 21:235-248
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
        • Faraday Township
    Ann P. Sabina. Geological Survey of Canada, Miscellaneous Report 39, page 15, Goulding-Keene Quarry.
      • Peterborough Co.
        • Methuen Township
          • Nephton
    		New York State Museum specimen
        • Nephton
    		Paper 69-50, Geological Survey of Canada, (1970)
    Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Renfrew Co.
        • Brudenell Township
          • Rosenthal
    		Geological Survey of Canada Paper 70-50
      • Sudbury District
        • Bigwood Township
          • Concession 1
            • Lot 10
    		RWMW collection and Dave Joyce personal communication
        • Lackner Township
          • Nemegos
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Mitchell (1991)
    • Québec
      • Laurentides
        • Deux-Montagnes RCM
          • Oka
    		Gold (1969)
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.52
      • Montréal
    		Finley (1930)
      • Nord-du-Québec
        • Baie-James
    		Traill, R. J., 1970, A Catalogue of Canadian Minerals, Paper 69-45
      • Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
        • Le Fjord-du-Saguenay RCM
          • Saint-Honoré
    		Currie (1976) GSC Bulletin 239, 109-110
    • Yukon Territory
    		Geol, Survey of Canada database
    China
     
    • Hubei Province
      • Shennongjia Forest District
    		Shi Li (1991): Geochimica 20(3), 245-254
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Dandong Prefecture
        • Fengcheng Co.
          • Saima complex
    		Saima Deposit Research Group, Beijing Institute of Uranium Geology (1978): Scientia Sinica 11(3), 365-389
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Akesu (Aksu; Aqsu) Prefecture
        • Baicheng (Bay) Co.
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
    Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
    Colombia
     
    • Vaupés Department
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Rakovník (Rakonitz)
          • Čistá
    		No reference listed
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Kivu
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    Finland
     
    • Northern Finland Region
      • Kuusamo
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
    		G. WÖRNER and H.-U. SCHMINCKE (1984) Mineralogical and Chemical Zonation of the Laacher See Tephra Sequence (East Eifel, W. Germany). Journal of Petrology 25:805-835.
          • Kruft
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
    Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913)
              • Wingertsberg
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
          • Niederzissen
            • Glees
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, MW 1/2001
        • Rieden volcano
          • Mayen
            • Ettringen
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (19. Folge), MW 5/1997
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Kiel
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Arsuk
        • Arsuk Firth
          • Ivittuut (Ivigtut)
            • Ikka Firth (Ika fjord)
    		No reference listed
      • Narsaq
    		[Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		MinRec 16:485-494
    http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    Guinea
     
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
    		Di Domenico Dario
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Hiroshima prefecture
          • Hiba-gun
    		Kusachi & Henmi (1990) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 97.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Northern Kazakhstan Province (Soltüstik Qazaqstan Oblysy; Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
    • Zhambyl Province (Jambyl Oblysy; Dzhambulskaya Oblast')
      • Berkuty
    Kenya
     
    • Nyanza Province
    		Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Libya
     
    • Al Kufrah District
    		Flinn et al (1992)
    Flinn et al. (1992)
    Malawi
     
    • Chitipa District
      • Songwe Complex
    Mali
     
    • Kidal Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mexico
     
    • Coahuila
      • Mun. de Sierra Mojada
        • Sierra Mojada
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1964 33 : 841-852
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Aimag
      • Hövsgöl
    		Kynický, J. & Samec, P. (2005): Hydrothermally-metasomatic and exsolution-like mineralization of the carbonatites from selected localities at Gobi. Mongolian Geoscientist. sv. 9, č. 27, s. 52-55.
    Morocco
     
    • Meknès-Tafilalet Region
      • Khénifra Province
        • High Atlas Mts
          • Tamazeght complex
    Namibia
     
    • Karas Region
    		Jour Pet 39:2123-2136
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Windhoek
          • Aris
    		von Knorring, O. and Franke, W. (1987): A preliminary note on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Aris phonolite, SWA/Namibia. Comm. Geol. Surv. S.W.Africa (Namibia) 3, 61. ; Wartha, R., Palfi, A., Niedermayr, G., Brandstätter, F. and Petersen, O. V. (2001): Der Aris-Phonolith-Komplex und seine Mineralien. In Bahmann, U. and A. (Eds.), Namibia – Zauberwelt edler Steine und Kristalle, Bode-Verlag, Haltern, Germany, pp. 172-179. (in German); [http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/aris.htm]
    • Kunene Region
      • Swartbooisdrif
        • Orotumba
    		von Seckendorff, V., Drüppel, K., Okrusch, M., Cook, N.J., and Littmann, S. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 430-450.
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Otjiwarongo District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • West Coast (Westland)
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    North Korea
     
    • Kangwon Province
    		INOUE Tami (1950) Amphiboles and Biotites from the Fukushinzan Alkaline Complex, Korea. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 56(653), 71-77, 1950-06-25
    Norway
     
    • Finnmark
      • Alta
    		Barth, T. (1927): Die Pegmatitgänge der kaledonischen intrusivgesteine in Seiland-gebiete. Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi Skrifter. 1. Mat.-Naturv. Klasse 1927. No.8. 123p.
    Barth, T. (1927): Die Pegmatitgänge der kaledonischen intrusivgesteine in Seiland-gebiete. Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi Skrifter. 1. Mat.-Naturv. Klasse 1927. No.8. 123p.
      • Hasvik
        • Sørøya
    		Michalsen, A. (2000): Forekomster av mineraler og naturstein på Sørøya. STEIN 27 (2), 4-11
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langesundsfjorden
    		Brøgger, W. C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral. 16, 663 pp
    Brøgger, W. C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineral. 16, 663 pp
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
    • Troms
      • Ringvassøy
    		Bøe, P. (2000): En gang av alkaline bergarter i Mikkelvik, Ringvassøy i Troms. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 17, 71-79
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    		Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Arøya (Arö; Store Arøya)
    		Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. p. 61-64
          • Barkevik area
    		Scheerer, T. (1864): Über den Astrophyllit und sein Verhältnis zu Augit und Glimmer im Zirkonsyenit, nebst Bemerkungen über die plutonische Entstehung, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Vol. 198 (2/122), 107-138
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240p
    Weibye, P.C. (1848): Beiträge zur topographischen Mineralogie Norwegens. Archiv für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde 22:465-544 (p.581)
        • Tvedalen
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
    		vom Rath, G. (1876): The syenite mountains of Ditro. Jahrb. f. Min., 772-773. ; Mauritz, B. (1915): Cancrinite from Ditró. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 55, 206-208.
    http://www.geol.vt.edu/research/gsrs/gsrs2005/Abstracts/afall%201115AM%20F.doc
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Tounkinsk Mts
    		Dana 6: 428.
    The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44, pp. 929-942 (2006)
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Afrikanda
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/afri.htm
          • Khibiny Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    http://maurice.strahlen.org/kola/khibiny.htm
            • Rypnetsk Mt.
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
          • Kovdor Massif
    		N.V. Chukanov et al.: Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 133(1):59-72 (2004)
    [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
              • Umbozero mine (Umba mine)
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
          • Turii Cape
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/tury.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    P.M. Kartashov data
    P.M. Kartashov data
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45.
    Somaliland
     
    • Hargeisa (Hargeysa)
      • Borama District
        • Darkainle complex
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1964 33 : 1057-1065.
    South Africa
     
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Älvdalen
        • Särna
    		No reference listed
    GFF (1923) 45, 295-334
    • Jämtland
    		No reference listed
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    • Östergötland
      • Ödeshög
        • Norra Kärr
    • Uppland
      • Uppsala
        • Almunge
    		GFF (1912) 34 (7), 695-700
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mts
        • Alai (Alayskiy) Range
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/dara.htm
    Uganda
     
    • Mbale District
    		Sutherland, D.S. (1969): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Just District
          • Sennen
    		No reference listed
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Sutherland)
        • Assynt
          • Loch Borrolan
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1976) 51:495-507; American Mineralogist, Volume 77, pages 685-703, 1992
    American Mineralogist, Volume 7 4, pages 113-131, 1989
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322
    Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Coastal Range
    		W. S. Wise (2006) research at UCSB; American Mineralogist: (1983) 68: 245-254.
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Iron Mountain complex
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; USGS ProfessionaL Paper 197A
    • Maine
      • Kennebec Co.
        • Litchfield
    		No reference listed
        • Monmouth
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol.1, p.72
        • West Gardiner
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
      • York Co.
        • Shapleigh
    		No reference listed
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Emerson, 1917. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, p.197-198
    Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    Emerson, B.K. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1917. (USGS Bulletin 597), p.197-198.
    • Montana
      • Hill Co.
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Moultonborough
    		Woolley, A.R. (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World
    • New Jersey
      • Hunterdon Co.
        • Brookville
    		Jour. Petrology:10(2):211 (1969).
      • Sussex Co.
        • Frankford Township
          • Wykertown
    		Am.Min.: 35: 500-507 (1950), Milton, C. & Davidson, N.: 500
        • Wantage Township
          • Libertyville
    		Rutgers University Bull. #5, Ptar 1: 53-54.
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
        • Springer
          • Point of Rocks Mesa (Pecks Mesa)
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    • Pennsylvania
      • Bucks Co.
        • Point Pleasant
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 22-23; Grant, R.W. (Apr, 1971) PA Mins. (PM) (99), Keystone Newsletter; Grant (Feb & Mar 1973) PM (122 & 123), Keystone Ne
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.; Eggleston, J. W., 1918, Eruptive rocks at Cuttingsville, Vermont: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 45 (4th series), p. 377-410.
    Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Washington
      • San Juan Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.66
    • Wisconsin
    		Falster, A. U., W.B. Simmons, K.L. Webberand T. Buchholz, 2000 , "Pegmatites and pegmatite minerals of the Wausau Complex, Marathon County, Wisconsin", Memorie della Societa di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia di Milano, vol. XXX p. 13-28
        • Stettin pluton
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
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