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Cancrinite

Big Photo

Vishnyovye (Vishnevye) Mountains, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
© Pavel M. Kartashov

Show Cancrinite Photos (18)
Formula:
Na
 
6
Ca
 
2
[(CO
 
3
)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 2H
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:grey-green, white, ...
Hardness:5 - 6
Name:For Count Egor Frantsevich Kankrin (Georg Cancrin) (1774-1845), Russian Minister of Finance.


Cancrinite Group.

Classification of Cancrinite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/J.09-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.FB.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
Dana 8th edition ID:76.2.5.3

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.4.7

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
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Type Occurrence of Cancrinite

Type Locality:Miass (Miask), Ilmen Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
Year of Discovery:1839

Occurrences of Cancrinite

Geological Setting:Primary mineral in alkalic igneous rocks, alteration product of nepheline.

Physical Properties of Cancrinite

Lustre:Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:grey-green, white, yellow, blue, orange, reddish
Streak:white
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {1010}, poor on {0001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):2.42 - 2.51 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.49 g/cm3

Crystallography of Cancrinite

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6 - Pyramidal
Space Group:P63
Cell Parameters:a = 12.67(9) Å, c = 5.15(4) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.406
Unit Cell Volume:V 715.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:Rarely as prismatic crystals.
Twinning:Rare lamellar
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Cancrinite

Type:Uniaxial (+/-)
RI values: nω = 1.507 - 1.528 nε = 1.495 - 1.503
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.012 - 0.025

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low

Chemical Properties of Cancrinite

Formula:
Na
 
6
Ca
 
2
[(CO
 
3
)
 
2
|Al
 
6
Si
 
6
O
 
24
] · 2H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, C, Ca, Na, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, C, Ca, H, Na, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Fe,Mg,K,Cl,S

Relationship of Cancrinite to other Species

Related to:
  • Cancrinite Group
    • Common Associates:
    SodaliteOrthoclaseNephelineNatroliteMonticellite
    Andradite
    Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    9.FB.05Afghanite
    (Na,Ca,K)
     
    8
    		[(Cl
     
    2
    		,SO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Bystrite
    (Na,K)
     
    7
    		Ca[(S
     
    3
    		)
     
    1.5
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Cancrisilite
    Na
     
    7
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|Al
     
    5
    		Si
     
    7
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Davyne
    (Na,K)
     
    6
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[(Cl
     
    2
    		,SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		SO
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.05Franzinite
    (Na,K)
     
    6
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Giuseppettite
    (Na,K,Ca)
     
    7-8
    		[(SO
     
    4
    		,Cl)
     
    1-2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.05Hydroxycancrinite
    Na
     
    8
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Liottite
    (Na,K)
     
    16
    		Ca
     
    8
    		[Cl
     
    4
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    5
    		|(Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.FB.05Microsommite
    Na
     
    4
    		K
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.05Pitiglianoite
    Na
     
    6
    		K
     
    2
    		[SO
     
    4
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Quadridavyne
    (Na,K)
     
    6
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[Cl
     
    4
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.05Sacrofanite
    (Na,Ca,K)
     
    9
    		[{(OH)
     
    2
    		,SO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		,Cl
     
    2
    		}
     
    3
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Tounkite
    (Na,Ca,K)
     
    8
    		[Cl|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Vishnevite
    (Na,K)
     
    8
    		[(SO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Marinellite
    (Na,K)
     
    42
    		Ca
     
    6
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    8
    		|(Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		)
     
    6
    		] · 3 H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Farneseite
    (Na,Ca,K)
     
    56
    		[(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    12
    		|Al
     
    42
    		Si
     
    42
    		O
     
    168
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.05Alloriite
    (Na,Ca,K)
     
    26
    		Ca
     
    4
    		[Cl
     
    6
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    6
    		|(Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.FB.05IMA2008-006
    [Na
     
    82.5
    		Ca
     
    33
    		K
     
    16.5
    		]
     
    132
    		(Si
     
    99
    		Al
     
    99
    		O
     
    396
    		)(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    33
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    9.FB.10Bicchulite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		SiO
     
    6
    		]
    9.FB.10Danalite
    Fe
    2+
    4
    		Be
     
    3
    		[S|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.FB.10Genthelvite
    Zn
     
    4
    		Be
     
    3
    		[S|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.FB.10Haüyne
    (Na,Ca)
     
    4-8
    		[Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		(O,S)
     
    24
    		](SO
     
    4
    		,Cl)
     
    1-2
    9.FB.10Helvite
    Mn
    2+
    4
    		Be
     
    3
    		[S|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.FB.10Kamaishilite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		SiO
     
    6
    		]
    9.FB.10Lazurite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    8
    		[(S,SO
     
    4
    		,Cl
     
    2
    		)|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.10Nosean
    Na
     
    8
    		[SO
     
    4
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.10Sodalite
    Na
     
    8
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		]
    9.FB.10Tsaregorodtsevite
    N(CH
     
    3
    		)
     
    4
    		[AlSi
     
    5
    		O
     
    12
    		]
    9.FB.10Tugtupite
    Na
     
    4
    		[Cl|BeAlSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		]
    9.FB.10Helvine
    9.FB.15Marialite
    Na
     
    4
    		[Cl|(AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.FB.15Meionite
    Ca
     
    4
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.FB.15Silvialite
    (Ca,Na)
     
    4
    		[(SO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)|(Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    17.4.1Tilleyite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    17.4.2Spurrite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.4.3Paraspurrite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.4.4Scawtite
    Ca
     
    7
    		Si
     
    6
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)O
     
    18
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    17.4.5Fukalite
    Ca
     
    4
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(HSiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    17.4.6Meionite
    Ca
     
    4
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    17.4.8Carletonite
    KNa
     
    4
    		Ca
     
    4
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    18
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH,F)·H
     
    2
    		O
    17.4.9Iimoriite-(Y)
    Y
     
    2
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    17.4.10Kainosite-(Y)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Y,Ce)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		CO
     
    3
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    17.4.11Caysichite-(Y)
    Y
     
    2
    		(Ca,Gd)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    17.4.12Lepersonnite-(Gd)
    CaO(Gd,Dy)
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    		·24UO
     
    3
    		·8CO
     
    2
    		·4SiO
     
    2
    		·60H
     
    2
    		O
    17.4.13Ashburtonite
    Pb
     
    4
    		Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl|(HCO
     
    3
    		)
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    17.4.14Surite
    Pb(Pb,Ca)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe,Mg)
     
    2
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    17.4.15Tundrite-(Ce)
    Na
     
    2
    		Ce
     
    2
    		TiO
     
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    17.4.16Tundrite-(Nd)
    Na
     
    3
    		(Nd,La)
     
    4
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		O
     
    4
    		(OH)·2H
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Cancrinite

    German names:
    Cancrinit
    Russian names:
    Канкринит
    Spanish names:
    Cancrinita

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Cancrinite

    Reference List:Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York: 427-428.

    Deer, W.A., R.A. Howie, and J. Zussman (1963) Rock-forming minerals, vol. 4, framework silicates, 310-320.

    Foit, F.F., Jr. (1973) Cancrinite with a new superstructure from Bancroft, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist: 11: 940-951.

    Grundy, H.D. and I. Hassan (1982) The crystal structure of a carbonate-rich cancrinite. Canadian Mineralogist: 20: 239-251.

    Canadian Mineralogist: 20: 239-251.

    Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 122: 407-422.

    Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (1995) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume II. Silica, Silicates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 904pp., 2 sub-volumes: 109.

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    Localities for Cancrinite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1001-1024.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Armenia
     
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Huon district
    		Bottrill, RS, 1997. The Minerals of the Cygnet District. The Mineralogical Society of Tasmania Newsletter, 25, p.12
    Bolivia
     
    • Cochabamba Department
      • Ayopaya Province
    		Alfredo Petrov collection; Laszlo Horvath collection
    Alfredo Petrov collection; Federico Ahlfeld field notes
    Brazil
     
    • Central-West Region
      • Goiás
        • Arenópolis
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • North Region
      • Pará
        • Oriximiná
          • Acaraí range
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
    		No reference listed
    Machado (1888)
        • Serra do Salitre
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
      • São Paulo
    		http://www.igc.usp.br/geologiausp/iga/art.php?artigo=7
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		Edingtonite and Natrolite from Ice river, British Columbia, Grice, Gault, 1981; Mineralogical Record 12 221-226
    • Ontario
      • Haliburton Co.
        • Glamorgan Township
    		Ref.: Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 39
      • Hastings Co.
        • Bancroft District
          • Dungannon Township
    		[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
    [Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting Guidebook]
      • Peterborough Co.
        • Nephton
    		New York State Museum specimen
      • Renfrew Co.
        • Brudenell Township
          • Rosenthal
    		Geological Survey of Canada Paper 70-50
    • Québec
      • Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Co.
        • (13 km NNW of Chicoutimi)
          • Saint Honoré
    		Currie (1976) GSC Bulletin 239, 109-110
      • Rouville Co.
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, p.52
    • Yukon Territory
    China
     
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Dandong Prefecture
        • Fengcheng Co.
    		http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-189/of02-189.xls
    Colombia
     
    • Vaupés Department
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Rakovník (Rakonitz)
          • Čistá
    		No reference listed
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Kivu
    		No reference listed
    Finland
     
    • Oulun (Oulu) Lääni
      • Kuusamo
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
    Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913)
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
          • Niederzissen
            • Glees
    		Brauns, R. ; Uhlig, J., Cancrinit- und Nephelin-führende Auswürflinge aus dem Laacher See Gebiet, N.Jb. Mineral.Geol.Paläonolog., Beil. Band 56, Abt. A, 468-498, 1913
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., Neue Mineralienfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, MW 1/2001
        • Rieden volcano
          • Mayen
            • Ettringen
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (19. Folge), MW 5/1997
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Kiel
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Arsuk
        • Arsuk Firth
          • Ivittuut (Ivigtut)
            • Ikka Firth
    		No reference listed
      • Narsaq
    		[Mineralogical Record - Vol 24 No 2]
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		MinRec 16:485-494
    http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
    Guinea
     
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
    Liotti L., 1991. I minerali dei vulcani laziali a Pitigliano (Grosseto). Riv. Mineral. Ital., 15 (3): 121-139.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Hiroshima prefecture
    		Kusachi & Henmi (1990) Koubutsu-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 97.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Soltüstik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Severo-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast'; Northern-Kazakhstan Oblast')
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Malawi
     
    • Chitipa District
      • Songwe Complex
    Mali
     
    • Kidal Region
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Aimag
      • Gobi desert
    		Kynický, J. & Samec, P. (2005): Hydrothermally-metasomatic and exsolution-like mineralization of the carbonatites from selected localities at Gobi. Mongolian Geoscientist. sv. 9, č. 27, s. 52-55.
    Morocco
     
    • Atlas Mts
      • High Atlas Mts
    Namibia
     
    • Hardap Region
      • Great Namaqualand
    		Jour Pet 39:2123-2136
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Windhoek
          • Aris
    		von Knorring, O. and Franke, W. (1987): A preliminary note on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Aris phonolite, SWA/Namibia. Comm. Geol. Surv. S.W.Africa (Namibia) 3, 61. ; Wartha, R., Palfi, A., Niedermayr, G., Brandstätter, F. and Petersen, O. V. (2001): Der Aris-Phonolith-Komplex und seine Mineralien. In Bahmann, U. and A. (Eds.), Namibia – Zauberwelt edler Steine und Kristalle, Bode-Verlag, Haltern, Germany, pp. 172-179. (in German); [http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/aris.htm]
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Otjiwarongo District
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Finnmark
      • Alta
      • Hasvik
        • Sørøya
    		Michalsen, A. (2000): Forekomster av mineraler og naturstein på Sørøya. STEIN 27 (2), 4-11
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    A. O. Larsen, A. Åsheim and R. A. Gault, 2005.
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Lågendalen
    		No reference listed
    Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
          • Barkevik
    		Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
        • Tvedalen
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. MineralienWelt 7(4):21-100
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Romania
     
    • Harghita Co.
      • Ditrau
    		http://www.geol.vt.edu/research/gsrs/gsrs2005/Abstracts/afall%201115AM%20F.doc
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Tunkinsk Mts
    		Dana 6: 428.
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sangilen Upland
    		Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Afrikanda
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/afri.htm
          • Khibiny Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		No reference listed
    http://maurice.strahlen.org/kola/khibiny.htm
            • Rypnetsk Mt.
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
          • Kovdor Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    N.V. Chukanov et al.: Zap. Vses. Mineral. Obshch. 133(1):59-72 (2004)
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
          • Turii Cape
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/tury.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ilmen Mts
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    P.M. Kartashov data
    P.M. Kartashov data
    South Africa
     
    • Northwest Province
      • Western Bushveld Complex
        • Rustenburg District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Älvdalen
        • Särna
    		No reference listed
    GFF (1923) 45, 295-334
    • Jämtland
    		No reference listed
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    • Östergötland
      • Ödeshög
        • Norra Kärr
    • Uppland
      • Uppsala
        • Almunge
    		GFF 34, 700
    Tajikistan
     
    • Region of Republican Subordination
      • Tien Shan Mts
        • Alayskiy (Alai) Range
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/dara.htm
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Just District
          • Southern Penwith Peninsula
            • Sennen
    		No reference listed
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Sutherland)
        • Assynt
          • Loch Borrolan
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring Co.
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Orick
    		W. S. Wise (2006) research at UCSB
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
        • Iron Mountain complex
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    • Maine
      • Kennebec Co.
        • Litchfield
    		No reference listed
        • Monmouth
    		King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, Vol.1, p.72
        • West Gardiner
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
      • York Co.
        • Newfield
    		No reference listed
    • Massachusetts
      • Essex Co.
    		Emerson, 1917. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, p.197-198
    Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
    Emerson, B.K. Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, 1917. (USGS Bulletin 597), p.197-198.
    • Montana
      • Hill Co.
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Moultonborough
    		Woolley, A.R. (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World
    • New Jersey
      • Hunterdon Co.
        • Brookville
    		Jour. Petrology:10(2):211 (1969).
      • Sussex Co.
        • Frankford Township
          • Wykertown
    		Am.Min.: 35: 500-507 (1950), Milton, C. & Davidson, N.: 500
        • Wantage Township
          • Libertyville
    		Rutgers University Bull. #5, Ptar 1: 53-54.
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
        • Springer
          • Point of Rocks Mesa (Pecks Mesa)
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    • Pennsylvania
      • Bucks Co.
        • Point Pleasant
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 22-23; Grant, R.W. (Apr, 1971) PA Mins. (PM) (99), Keystone Newsletter; Grant (Feb & Mar 1973) PM (122 & 123), Keystone Ne
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.
    Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
        • Shrewsbury
          • Cuttingsville
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 71, (1996)
    • Washington
      • San Juan Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.66
    • Wisconsin
        • Stettin pluton
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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