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Caryopilite

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Big Photo

Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
© Kjell Gatedal

Show Caryopilite Photos (26)



Formula:
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
System:MonoclinicHardness:3 - 3½
Member of:Serpentine Group
Name:Named from the Greek for "walnut" and "felt," in allusion to its color and habit.
This page provides mineralogical data about Caryopilite.

Classification of Caryopilite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.27-55
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.ED.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th edition ID:71.1.2b.1

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.18.9

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-913.html
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Type Occurrence of Caryopilite

Type Locality:Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Persberg district, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden
Year of Discovery:1889

Physical Properties of Caryopilite

Hardness (Mohs):3 - 3½

Crystallography of Caryopilite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.66Å, b = 9.81Å, c = 7.52Å
β = 104.52°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 0.767
Unit Cell Volume:V 404.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Caryopilite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.606 - 1.620 nβ = 1.632 - 1.650 nγ = 1.632 - 1.650
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.026 - 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak

Chemical Properties of Caryopilite

Formula:
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:H, Mg, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Al,As,Fe,Zn,Ca,F,Cl

Relationship of Caryopilite to other Species

Member of:Serpentine Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Amesite
Mg
 
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Antigorite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Baumite
(Mg,Al,Mn,Zn,Fe)
 
3
(Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
(OH)
 
4
Berthierine
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,AlMg)
 
2-3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Brindleyite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al(Si,Al)O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Chrysotile
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Clinochrysotile
Cronstedtite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Dickite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Fraipontite
(Zn,Al)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Halloysite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Kaolinite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Lizardite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Manandonite
LiAl
 
4
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
6
Nacrite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Népouite
(Ni,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Odinite
(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)
 
2.4
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Orthochrysotile
Parachrysotile
Pecoraite
Ni
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
Vorhauserite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.ED.05Dickite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Kaolinite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Nacrite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.05Odinite
(Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)
 
2.4
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.10Halloysite
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.10Hisingerite
Fe
3+
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.ED.10Halloysite-7Å
Al
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Amesite
Mg
 
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Antigorite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Berthierine
(Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,AlMg)
 
2-3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Brindleyite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Al(Si,Al)O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Chrysotile
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Cronstedtite
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
((Si,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Fraipontite
(Zn,Al)
 
3
((Si,Al)
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Greenalite
Fe
 
2-3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Kellyite
Mn
2+
2
Al(AlSiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Lizardite
Mg
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Manandonite
LiAl
 
4
(BSi
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
6
9.ED.15Népouite
(Ni,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Pecoraite
Ni
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.15Guidottiite
Mn
 
2
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
SiO
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
9.ED.20Allophane
(Al
 
2
O
 
3
)(SiO
 
2
)
 
1.3-2
 · 2.5-3H
 
2
O
9.ED.20Chrysocolla
Cu
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(H
 
2-x
Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O (x < 1)
9.ED.20Imogolite
Al
 
2
SiO
 
3
(OH)
 
4
9.ED.20Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
9.ED.25Bismutoferrite
Fe
3+
2
Bi(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
9.ED.25Chapmanite
Fe
3+
2
Sb
3+
 
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.18.1Nambulite
(Li,Na)Mn
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.2Natronambulite
(Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH
14.18.3Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.4Norrishite
KLiMn
3+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)O
 
2
14.18.5Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.6Abswurmbachite
CuMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.7Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
14.18.8Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.10Gonyerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
14.18.11Tirodite
14.18.12Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
14.18.13Bustamite
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.14Glaucochroite
CaMn
2+
 
SiO
 
4
14.18.15Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.16Santaclaraite
CaMn
 
4
[Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH](OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.17Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.18Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.19Neltnerite
CaMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.20Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.21Inesite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Si
 
10
O
 
28
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
14.18.22Orientite
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.23Ruizite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|H
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
13
] · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.24Bostwickite
CaMn
 
6
Si
 
3
O
 
16
 · 7H
 
2
O
14.18.25Kittatinnyite
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Mn(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 9H
 
2
O
14.18.26Lithiomarsturite
LiCa
 
2
Mn
 
2
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.27Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.18.28Kvanefjeldite
Na
 
4
(Ca,Mn)(Si
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
14.18.29Marsturite
NaCaMn
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.30Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
14.18.31Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.18.32Byelorussite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
MnTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.33Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
14.18.34Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
14.18.35Pyroxmangite
MnSiO
 
3
14.18.36Dannemorite
14.18.37Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
14.18.38Babingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Fe,Mn)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.39Manganbabingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.40Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3

Other Names for Caryopilite

Synonyms:
EctropiteEktropite
Other Languages:
German:Caryopilit
Ektropit
Japanese:カリオピライト
Simplified Chinese:肾硅锰矿
Spanish:Caryopilita
Swedish:Ektropit

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Caryopilite

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist: 65: 335-339.

Internet Links for Caryopilite

Search Engines:
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    • External Links:
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  • Look for Caryopilite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Caryopilite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Caryopilite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Caryopilite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
    		Abrecht, J. (1990): An As-rich manganiferous mineral assemblage from the Ködnitz Valley (Eastern Alps, Austria): Geology, mineralogy, genetic considerations, and implications for metamorphic Mn deposits. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1990, 363-375.
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Nord-du-Québec
        • Matagami
    		Can. Min. 31, 695
    China
     
    • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
      • Baise Prefecture
        • Jingxi Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Hunan Province
      • Xiangtan Prefecture
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Ankang Prefecture
        • Ziyang Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190; Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Xixiang Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
        • Zhenba Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    • Sichuan Province
      • Dazhou Prefecture
        • Wanyuan Co.
    		Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
    Pingyi Wan (2002): China's Manganese Industry 20(3), 1-6
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    • Yunnan Province
      • Dali Autonomous Prefecture
        • Heqing Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Yanshan Co.
    		Yang Yuchun (1996): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 15(2), 186-190
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
            • Schävenholz (Schebenholz; Schäbenholz)
    		Witzke, T. (2013): Die Minerale der Manganlagerstätte Schävenholz bei Elbingerode, Harz.- Aufschluss 64, 69-80
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova and La Spezia Provinces
        • different municipalities
          • Tre Monti mining concession
    		Castellaro, F., Passarino, G. (2011): I minerali di Monte Alpe. Sezione dell'antica Concessione Tre Monti (La Spezia e Genova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana. 4/2011, 214-224.
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Tesso Valley
                • Monastero di Lanzo
                  • Chiaves
    		Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G., Airaudi, D. (2010): Primo ritrovamento di caryopilite e kutnohorite in Piemonte: Croce di Chiaves, Ceres, Torino. Micro (UK report) 1/2010, 134-141
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Fukui Prefecture
          • Mikata-kaminaka-gun
            • Wakasa-cho
    		Kato, A. (2010) Mumeikai Group meeting, No. 30.
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Minokamo City
    		Alfredo Petrov collection
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Kohsai
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Hadano City
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994) , No. 5 pp 211-218
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Urayama
    		K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2005) "Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan"
          • Hannou
    		Satoshi Matsubara (1981) Taneyamalite, (Na, Ca)(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)12Si12 (O,OH)44, a New Mineral from the Iwaizawa Mine, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine 44:51-53.
    Kato, A. (2010) Mumeikai Group meeting, No. 30.
          • Hidaka
    		Akira Kato (2009) Explanations of distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 28 (November 2009).
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
    		Akira Kato (undated manuscript): Country rock and Minerals of the Kaso mine, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture. (in japanese)
    Kato, A. (2010) Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group No. 30, 488.
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama-cho
    		Alfredo Petrov specimens
    Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), 22, 25-32 (1993)
      • Kinki region
        • Mie Prefecture
          • Ise City
            • Shobue area
    		http://www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Daisuke Nishio- Hamane, Norimitsu Tomita, Tetsuo Minakawa, and Sachio Inaba (2013) Iseite, Mn2Mo3O8, a new mineral from Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 108, 37─41.
        • Shiga Prefecture
          • Takashima City
    		Alfredo Petrov coll.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kuzumaki
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Noda
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan); Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Iwaizumi
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Kyushu Region
      • Kumamoto Prefecture
    		No reference listed
    • Shikoku Island
      • Ehime prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Kochi Prefecture
    		Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 103,400-406(2008)
        • Kami city
    		Moriyama, T., Miyawaki, R., Yokoyama, K., Matsubara, S., Hirano, H., Murakami, H., and Watanabe, Y. (2011): Wakefieldite-(Nd), a new neodymium vanadate mineral in the Arase stratiform ferromanganese deposit, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Resource Geology 61, 101-110.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
    		Sameshima T, Kawachi Y (1991) Coombsite, Mn analogue of zussmanite, and associated Mn-silicates, parsettensite and caryopilite, from southeast Otago, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 34, 329-335
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Wel, D.van der. (1999): The Minerals of the Brandsnuten Manganes Deposit, Tokke, Norway. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 15: 74-86; Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM. 552p
    Romania
     
    • Suceava Co.
      • Suceava district
        • Iacobeni (Jakobeny; Jacobeny; Jakabfalva)
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
          • Sibay
    		Brusnitsyn, A.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 193-214.
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Ufaley (Ufalei) District
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
          • Čučma
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		Minerals of South Africa
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Hedemora
        • Garpenberg
    		Grensman, F., Kalinowski, M.P. and Sandström, F. (2001): Garpenberg Norra. Litofilen. 18 (2), 26-46.
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 726; Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm (1889) 11, 27
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Schanfig Valley
        • Langwies
    		Analyses by N. Meisser, MGL Lausanne
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Gwynedd (Caernarvonshire)
        • Lleyn Peninsula
          • Llanfaelrhys
            • Nant-y-Gadwen
    		Cotterell, T.F., 2006. Caryopilite and pyroxmangite from Nant Mine, Nant-y-Gadwen, Llanfaelrhys, Pen Llyn, Gwynedd, Wales UK Journal of Mines and Minerals, 27, 51-53.
            • Rhiw
    		UK Journal of mines & Minerals, number 29 pp47-48
    USA
     
    • California
      • Nevada Co.
        • Lake of the Pines
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
    Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040
      • Stanislaus Co.
        • Diablo Range
          • Ladd-Buckeye District
            • Mount Oso
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:2023-2040; Huebner, J. Stephen; Flohr, Marta J. (1990) Microbanded manganese formations; protoliths in the Franciscan Complex, California; USGS Professional Paper 1502.
    • Colorado
      • Mineral Co.
        • Creede District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.; Foley, N. K.; Caddey, S. W.; Byington, C. B.; Vardiman, D. M. (1993) Mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and paragenesis of gold, silver, and base-metal ores of the North Amethyst vein system, San Juan Mountains, Mineral County, Colorado. USGS Professional Paper: 1537
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Haddam
    		Schooner, Richard. (circa 1980s), Untitled manuscript on central Connecticut minerals.
    • Massachusetts
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Alan Plante, Valley Geology Press, 1992.
    • Michigan
      • Baraga Co.
        • Alberta
          • Taylor Mine
    		George Robinson, Curator, A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, pers. comm. 2011
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn (1995): Pt4: 491.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:491-492.
    • North Carolina
      • Alleghany Co.
        • Sparta
          • Bald Knob
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
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