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Chalcosiderite

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Hagendorf South Pegmatite (Cornelia Mine; Hagendorf South Open Cut), Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Vohenstrauß, Oberpfälzer Wald, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

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Formula:
Cu(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
System:TriclinicColour:dark green to apple-green
Lustre:Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, GreasyHardness:4½
Member of:Turquoise Group
Name:Named by Johann Christoph Ullmann in 1814 from the Greek for copper and iron, in allusion to its composition.
Isostructural with:Turquoise


Turquoise Group. Chalcosiderite-Turquoise Series.

An uncommon mineral occurring in the oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.

Classification of Chalcosiderite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.15-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DD.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.9.3.4

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.2.13

19 : Phosphates
2 : Phosphates of Cu
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Type Occurrence of Chalcosiderite

Type Locality:Phoenix United Mine, Minions, Linkinhorne, Liskeard District, Cornwall, England, UK
Year of Discovery:1814
Associated Minerals at type locality:
GoethiteDufrénite

Occurrences of Chalcosiderite

Geological Setting:Oxidized zone of some hydrothermal deposits.

Physical Properties of Chalcosiderite

Lustre:Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:dark green to apple-green
Streak:pale green to greenish to white
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {001}, perfect, on {010}, good.
Density (measured):3.22 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.28 g/cm3

Crystallography of Chalcosiderite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 7.653(4) Å, b = 7.873(4) Å, c = 10.19Å
α = 67.57(2)°, β = 69.17(2)°, γ = 64.93(2)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.972 : 1 : 1.294
Unit Cell Volume:V 500.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:Crystals short prismatic [001], with large {001}, {010}, {110}, and {111}. Commonly in sheafs, crusts.
Crystal Atlas:
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Chalcosiderite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Structure
  Reference
Giuseppetti G Mazzi F Tadini C (1989) The crystal structure of chalcosiderite, CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8*4H2O Locality: Wheal Phoenix Mine, Cornwall, England. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989:227-239.

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More Crystal Structures
Click here to view more crystal structures at the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.39 (30)
4.93 (20)
3.76 (100)
3.54 (40)
3.38 (40)
3.01 (40)
2.95 (30)
2.52 (30)
Comments:ICDD 37-446

Optical Data of Chalcosiderite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.775 nβ = 1.840 nγ = 1.844
2V:Measured: 22° , Calculated: 48°
Birefringence:0.069
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.069

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:relatively strong r > v
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:X= Colourless
Z= Pale green

Chemical Properties of Chalcosiderite

Formula:
Cu(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Cu, Fe, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Al, Cu, Fe, H, O, P
Common Impurities:Al

Relationship of Chalcosiderite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Turquoise (see here)
Member of:Turquoise Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Aheylite
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
Faustite
(Zn,Cu)Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
Planerite
Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
 · 4 H
 
2
O
Turquoise
Cu(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
Common Associates:
TorberniteSampleiteSaléeitePseudomalachiteLibethenite
LeucophosphiteDufréniteCyriloviteCrandallite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DD.05Chenevixite
Cu
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.DD.05Luetheite
Cu
 
2
Al
 
2
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
8.DD.10Akrochordite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.10Guanacoite
Cu
 
2
Mg
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Aheylite
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Faustite
(Zn,Cu)Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Planerite
Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
 · 4 H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Turquoise
Cu(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Afmite
Al
 
3
(OH)
 
4
(H2O)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(PO
 
3
OH) · H2O
8.DD.20Childrenite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
8.DD.20Eosphorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
8.DD.20Ernstite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(OH,O)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.2.1Libethenite
Cu
 
2
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
19.2.2Cornetite
Cu
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
3
19.2.3Reichenbachite
Cu
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
19.2.4Ludjibaite
Cu
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
19.2.5Pseudomalachite
Cu
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
19.2.6Nissonite
Cu
 
2
Mg
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
19.2.7Zapatalite
Cu
 
3
Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
9
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.2.8Turquoise
Cu(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
8
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.2.9Sieleckiite
Cu
 
3
Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
12
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.2.10Planerite
Al
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
 · 4 H
 
2
O
19.2.11Hentschelite
CuFe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
19.2.14Phosphofibrite
K
 
<0.5
(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
8
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
7
 · 7H
 
2
O

Other Names for Chalcosiderite

Other Languages:
German:Chalcosiderit
Chalkosiderit
Russian:Халькосидерит
Simplified Chinese:磷铜铁矿
Spanish:Chalcosiderita
Varieties:
Alumo-chalcosiderite

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Other Information:Soluble with difficulty in HCl.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Chalcosiderite

Reference List:

- +
Ullmann, J.C. (1824): 323 (as Chalkosiderit).

Maskelyne (1875) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 28: 586.

Schaller (1912) American Journal of Science: 33: 35.

Schaller (1912) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 50: 120.

Jahn and Gruner (1933) Mitt. Vogtland. Ges. Naturfor.: 1, no. 8: 1.

Graham, R. (1947) X-ray study of chalcosiderite and turquoise. Univ. Toronto Studies, Geology Series, 52, 39–53.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 946-951.

Giuseppetti, G., F. Mazzi, and C. Tadini (1989) The crystal structure of chalcosiderite, CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8•4H2O. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 227–239.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 103.

Y. A. Abdu, S. K. Hull, M. Fayek & F. C. Hawthorne (2011): The turquoise-chalcosiderite Cu(Al,Fe3+)6(PO4)4(OH)8•4H2O solid-solution series: A Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, EMPA, and FTIR study. American Mineralogist 96, 1433-1442.

Internet Links for Chalcosiderite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Chalcosiderite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Chalcosiderite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Canbelego Co.
        • Gidalambone
          • Girilambone
    		Chapman, J. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): The copper deposits at Girilambone, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 91-99.
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    • Queensland
      • Mount Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Gunpowder District
          • Mount Gordon
    		Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10.
    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		Minerals of Iron Monarch, Glyn L. Francis
      • Flinders Ranges
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Wilmington
    		Australian Journal of Mineralogy. Vol 2. No. 2. 1996. 57-70; Mineral. Mag. 63, 735-741
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Kapunda
    		Peter Elliott
      • Olary Province
        • Bimbowrie Station
    		Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol.3, N°2, Dec.1997
    Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol.3, N°2, Dec.1997
    • Victoria
      • Lake Boga
    		[AmMin 85:1321]; Am Min 93:691-697
    Bolivia
     
    • Oruro Department
      • Dalence Province
        • Huanuni
    		SEM analyses by Gene Foord, U.S. Geological Survey, done as part of an unpublished study of the turquoise group (analyses copies courtesy of Brian Kosnar)
    • Potosí Department
      • Rafael Bustillo Province (Bustillos Province)
        • Llallagua
    		Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 117-162.
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Collahuasi District
    		Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of company; sulphates, phosphates, analysed by Bob Jenkins (Usa) 2007
        • Pozo Almonte
    		arturo molina & maurizio dini collections
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
    		No reference listed
    Collection M. Kampf No 89-267
    Sejkora, J., Škoda, R. and Ondruš, P., 2006: New naturally occurring mineral phases from the Krásno  Horní Slavkov area, western Bohemia, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 51, 159-187.; Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.; Sejkora, J., Škoda, R., Ondruš, P., Beran, P. & Susser, C. (2006): Mineralogy of phosphate accumulations in the Huber stock, Krásno ore district, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 103-147.
            • Vysoký Kámen
    		Sejkora, J., Süsser, C., Plášil, J.: Natrodufrénit a asociace fosfátů, ložisko Vysoký kámen – greisen, Krásno u Horního Slavkova. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2007, roč. 14-15, s. 116-125; Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z. & Gabašová, A. (2006): New data on mineralogy of the Vysoký Kámen deposits near Krásno, Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 43-55.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Ébreuil
          • Échassières
    		G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet collections
    Le Règne Minéral, (33), 5-25.
    • Limousin
      • Creuse
        • Soumans
          • Montebras
    		Patureau, J., Chiappero, P-J. & Lebocey, J. (2011): Mines et minéraux de Montebras, Soumans, Creuse. Le Règne Minéral. 99, 5-33
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Bessines-sur-Gartempe
    		http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jeldemine/listes%20mineraux.html
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		WALENTA, K. (1995): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara. 6. Folge, 2. Teil. - Lapis 20 (6), 41 und 46-49.
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Pleystein
    		Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    • Hesse
      • Wetzlar
        • Weilburg
          • Essershausen
    		Blaß, G. (2002): Eine neue Phosphatmineralien-Paragenese von der Grube Mark bei Essershausen, mittleres Lahngebiet, Taunus. Mineralien-Welt, 13 (6), 18-43. (in German)
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Henrich, M. (2008): Neues von der Grube Eisenzecher Zug. Mineralien-Welt 19 (5), 16-25.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 950.
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Siegerland
        • Herdorf
          • Dermbach
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990; Overkott, T. & Reinhardt, M. (2007): Dufrenit vom Hollerter Zug im Siegerland. Lapis 32 (11), 42.
      • Westerwald
        • Linz am Rhein
          • Kalenborn
            • Kasbach
    		Habel, B. & Reinhardt, M. (2011): Die Grube Clemenslust- Geschichte und Mineralogie eines Kupferbergwekes am Südrand des Siebengebirges. Mineralien-Welt. 22 (2): 19-36
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Altenkirchen
            • Bürdenbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Neuwied
            • Dernbach
    		Mineralien-Welt, 4 (5), 41-48
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
          • Rengersdorf
    		T. Witzke & T. Giesler (1997): Neufunde aus Sachsen (VI): Churchit-(Y), Cyrilovit, Faustit, Kidwellit, Meurigit und Nickelhexahydrit aus der Lausitz.- Lapis 22, 9, 36-38
      • Vogtland
        • Klingenthal
          • Kielberg
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 950.
          • Mühlleithen
    		Fischer, E. (1958): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 6, 182-189.
    • Thuringia
      • Vogtland
        • Hirschberg
          • Ullersreuth
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Portugal
     
    • Évora District
      • Vila Viçosa
        • Pardais
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; Rui Nunes collection
    • Guarda District
      • Gouveia
        • Folgosinho
    		MEB/EDS AMM285 Museum Paris/Micromonteurs
      • Sabugal
        • Bendada
          • Bendada Mines
    		Pedro Alves collection
    Spain
     
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
        • Minas de Horcajo
    		Borja Sainz de Baranda, Fernando J. Palero, Gonzalo Garcia (2004) El Horcajo. Paraiso de los fosfatos. Bocamina, 13: 30-68
    • Extremadura
      • Cáceres
        • Zarza la Mayor
    		Viñals, J. and Calvo, M. (2011). Secondary phosphates of La Paloma mine, Zarza la Mayor, Cáceres, Spain. Mineral Up 2 (5), 8-31.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Calstock
            • Drakewalls
    		Craik-Smith, B. (2000): British Micromount Society Newsletter 55, 8
            • Gunnislake
              • Clitters United Mines
    		Collection Richard De Nul
        • Liskeard District
          • Linkinhorne
            • Minions
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 802, 950; American Mineralogist (1965): 50: 227; Lapis (1999): 12: 9; Mineralogical Record: 12: 351-352.
    Dines, H.G. (1956): The metalliferous mining region of south-west England. HMSO Publications (London), Vol. 2, pp. 591-594
    http://www.minfind.com/search.php?qs=chalcosiderite+wheal+phoenix
    P D Trebilcock.
        • St Austell District
          • Treverbyn
            • Stenalees
    		Elton, N. J. (1998): Barbosalite, frondelite and other phosphates from Gunheath China Clay Pit, St Austell, Cornwall, England. Journal of the Russell Society 7, 15-18. ; Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 517-518.
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Tavistock Hamlets
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 74.
    Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 167.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
        • Patagonia Mts
    		Raman analyzed at the University of Arizona.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
          • Clark Mountain District
            • Pactolus
              • Mohawk Hill
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    • Colorado
      • Conejos Co.
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 13, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    • Georgia
      • Polk Co.
        • Cedartown
    		Min News 14:4 p 3
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen; "Butte, Montana, Minerals, Mines and History", The Mineralogical Record, Vol 33, No. 1, Jan-Feb, 2002
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Golconda District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Iron Point District
          • Valmy
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lander Co.
        • Bateman Canyon District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Birch Creek District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lyon Co.
        • Yerington District
          • Artesia Lake
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Burro Mountains District
          • Tyrone Area
    		Min Rec 20:1 p57
      • Socorro Co.
        • Hansonburg District
          • Bingham
    		M Massis collection (microprobe by Paul Hlava)
    • Virginia
      • Buckingham Co.
        • Farmville District
          • Sprouses Corner
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Gems and Minerals of America-Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
        • James River-Roanoke River Manganese District
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
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