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Chalcophanite

Big Photo

Glory Hole, Gold Hill Mine (Western Utah Mine), Gold Hill, Gold Hill District (Clifton District), Deep Creek Mts, Tooele Co., Utah, USA
© Brent Thorne

Show Chalcophanite Photos (22)
Formula:
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
System:TrigonalColour:Bluish-black, iron-black
Lustre:MetallicHardness:2½
Name:From the Greek χαλκός, brass, and φαίυεσθαι, to appear in allusion to the change of color on ignition.
This page provides mineralogical data about Chalcophanite.

Classification of Chalcophanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/F.11-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FL.20

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:7.8.2.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.5.8

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg
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Type Occurrence of Chalcophanite

Type Locality:Passaic Pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine), Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1875

Physical Properties of Chalcophanite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent on thin edges
Colour:Bluish-black, iron-black
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {0001}
Density (measured):3.9 - 4.1 g/cm3

Crystallography of Chalcophanite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:R3
Cell Parameters:a = 7.541Å, c = 20.824Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.761
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,025.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Minute crystals tabular {0001}, or with {0001} and {10_11} equally developed, exhibiting a pseudo-octahedral habit. Commonly in drusy, botryoidal or stalactitic crusts with the tabular crystals arranged on edge. Massive; dense, granular, or platy fibrous.

Optical Data of Chalcophanite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.720 nε = 2.720
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Extremely high
Colour in reflected light:White
Internal Reflections:Deep red
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:O = nearly opaque
E = deep red

Chemical Properties of Chalcophanite

Formula:
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Zn
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, Mn, O, Zn

Relationship of Chalcophanite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FL.05Woodallite
Mg
 
6
Cr
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Iowaite
Mg
 
4
Fe(OH)
 
8
OCl·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Jamborite
(Ni
2+
 
,Ni
3+
 
,Co,Fe)(OH)
 
2
(OH,S,H
 
2
O)
4.FL.05Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Muskoxite
Mg
 
7
Fe
 
4
O
 
13
·10H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Fougèrite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
18
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.10Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
4.FL.15Kuzelite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
2.4
(OH)
 
12.8
(SO
 
4
)·6H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Ernienickelite
NiMn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Jianshuiite
(Mg,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.25Woodruffite
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
4.FL.30Asbolane
(Ni,Co)
 
2-x
Mn
4+
 
(O,OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
4.FL.35Buserite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
14
O
 
27
 ·21H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Takanelite
(Mn,Ca)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·H
 
2
O
4.FL.45Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
4.FL.55Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O
4.FL.60Jensenite
Cu
 
3
[TeO
 
6
] · 2H
 
2
O
4.FL.65Leisingite
Cu(Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn)
 
2
[TeO
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
4.FL.70Akdalaite
4Al
 
2
O
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
4.FL.75Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.80Mourite
UMo
 
5
O
 
12
(OH)
 
10
4.FL.85Deloryite
Cu
 
4
(UO
 
2
)(MoO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.5.1Zincite
(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)O
7.5.2Sweetite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.3Ashoverite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.4Wülfingite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.5Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.6Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.7Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.5.9Woodruffite
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
7.5.10Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.5.11Monteponite
CdO
7.5.12Montroydite
HgO

Other Names for Chalcophanite

Synonyms:
Chalcophane
Other Languages:
German:Chalcophanit
Russian:Халькофанит
Spanish:Chalcophanita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Chalcophanite

Reference List:Moore (1875), Am. Chem.: 6: 1.

Penfield and Kreider (1894), American Journal of Science: 48: 141.

Ford (1914), American Journal of Science: 38: 502.

Orcel and Pavlovitch (1932), Bull. soc. min.: 54: 108.

Ramdohr (1938), Zbl. Min.: 134.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 739-740.

Wadsley, A.D. (1955), The crystal structure of chalcophanite, ZnMn3O7·3H2O: Acta Crystallographica: 8: 165-172.

Post, J.E., and D.E. Appleman (1988), Chalcophanite, ZnMn3O7·3H2O: New crystal-structure determinations: American Mineralogist: 73: 1401-1404.

Articles/Blogs about Chalcophanite

Internet Links for Chalcophanite

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    Localities for Chalcophanite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
    • Córdoba
      • Minas Department
    		Sureda (1978): Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 33(4):299-324
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Bligh Co.
        • Leadville
    		No reference listed
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		[MinRec 7:30]
    Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Australian Mineralogist (1997): 3: 1.
    • South Australia
      • Eyre peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		No reference listed
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Puttapa
    		Museum Victoria collection(?)
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Martins Well
    		Johnston, C.W . & Hill, R.J. (1978): Zinc phosphates at Reaphook Hill South Australia. Mineralogical Record 9,(1), 20-24
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Clarendon
    		Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3-17.
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Magnet
    		[MinRec 19:383]
      • Zeehan District
        • Dundas mineral field
    		Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    Australian Journal of Mineralogy (2006) 12: 59-90
    No reference listed
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:203]
    Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    [MinRec 24:210]
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
        • Lesach valley
          • Podlanig
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Goldberg group
          • Zirknitz
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Golling
        • Hoher Göll Mt
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    Bulgaria
     
    • Haskovo Oblast (Khaskovo Oblast)
      • Rhodope Mts
    • Plovdiv Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Madan
          • Rudosem
    		Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual Report No. 13, 43-45.
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Arles sur Tech
          • Corsavy
    		Berbain, C., Favreau, G. & Aymar, J. (2005): Mines et Minéraux des Pyrénées-Orientales et des Corbières. Association Française de Microminéralogie Ed., 39-44. and collection Guitard CERP Tautavel
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Titisee-Neustadt
          • Eisenbach
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		Mücke, A., Schnorrer-Köhler, G., Haase, J., (1989): Über einige Neufunde (Matulait, Chalkantit, und Jarosit)....., Der Aufschluss, Vol. 40, 295-307
    • Lower Saxony
      • Hanover
        • Stemmen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Siegerland
        • Müsen
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Mayen
          • Langenfeld
            • St Jost
    		Graf, HW., (1991): Die Grube Bendisberg, bei Virneburg / Eifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/91
          • St Johann
    		Chr. Schäfer; in the collection of Ch.&H. Schäfer
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
    		http://www.dergraul.de
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
            • Kamareza Mines
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Parádsasvár (Üveghuta)
    		Szakáll S.,2007
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Ne
          • Graveglia Valley
            • Reppia
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, (4), 131
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Domusnovas
    		Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Tanca, G.A. (1996): Iglesiente - Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Edito a cura dell'EMSA e "varie associazioni mineralogiche", Volume 1, 238 pp.
      • Sassari Province
        • Alghero
          • Calabona area
    		Fiori, S., Gorga, R., (1995), Hetaerolite e calcofanite di Monte Argentiera nella zona mineraria di Calabona - Vessus (Sardegna nordoccidentale), Il Cercapietre, notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, N°22, pp.17- 21.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Isarco Valley (Eisack Valley)
          • Chiusa (Klausen)
    		Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Massa Marittima
    		Sabelli C., Olmi F., Brizzi G., Meli R., 1996. Serrabottini (GR): recenti ritrovamenti nelle antiche discariche. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 19: 9-28.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza province
        • Torrebelvicino
          • Mercanti valley
    		Saccardo D. (2002) - Interessanti novità mineralogiche del Vicentino - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 26 (2), 104 - 107
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Miyagi Prefecture
    		Nambu & Kitamura (1969) Chigaku Kenkyu, 20, 131-137.
    Kosovo
     
    • Kosovska Mitrovica
      • Trepča valley
        • Trepča complex
    		Féraud J. (1979) - La mine " Stari-Trg " (Trepca, Yougoslavie) et ses richesses minéralogiques. Avec la collaboration de Mari D. et G. (1979) Minéraux et Fossiles, n° 59-60, p. 19-28
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		Rocks & Min.: 56:247.
    Thomas P. Moore (2008) Lapis, 33, #7-8, 33-40.
    Thomas P. Moore (2008) Lapis, 33, #7-8, 33-40.
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Swakopmund
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Mineralien und Fundstellen. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 856 pp. (in German)
    • Karas Region
      • Lüderitz District
        • Rosh Pinah
    		Jahn, S. (2007): Tarbuttit von der Skorpion Zink Mine, Namibia. Mineralien-Welt 18 (4), 56-66. (in German)
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		[MinRec 8:Tsumeb 22]
    Norway
     
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Grua Mining District
    		Harald Folvik (2005): Mineralene på Skjerpemyr. STEIN 32 (1), 4-9 (in norwegian)
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		[MinRec 32:8]
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Hotazel
    		[MinRec 9:151]
    Spain
     
    • Extremadura
      • Badajoz
        • Santa Marta
    		 Gonzalez Del Tanago, Jose; La Iglesia, Angel; Rius, Jordi; Fernandez Santin, Soledad. (2003): Calderonite, a new lead-iron-vanadate of the brackebuschite group: American Mineralogist 88, 1703-1708.,
    • Murcia
      • Sierra de Cartagena
        • La Unión
          • El Estrecho de San Ginés
    Miguel Calvo specimens
          • Portman
    		[MinRec 25:222]
    Tunisia
     
    • Nefza mining district
    		Decrée et al. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 397-410.
    UK
     
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
        • Trefeirig
          • Ponterwyd
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		UKJMM.23.2003.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 12:299-300]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 164; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Hayden
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 164.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Big Horn Mts
          • Osborn District
            • Tonopah
              • Belmont Mountain
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 164; Allen, G.B. & W. Hunt (1988), The Tonopah-Belmont Mine, Maricopa Co., AZ, Min.Rec.: 19(3): 139-144.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mineral Mountain District
          • Superior area
            • Reymert Canyon
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 165, 188, 252.
        • San Manuel District
          • San Manuel-Mammoth area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 165.
      • Yuma Co.
        • Kofa Mts (S.H. Mts)
          • Kofa District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 124, 165, 240, 343, 398.
        • Little Horn Mts
          • Sheep Tanks District
            • Salome
              • Sheep Tanks Mine (Sheep Tank Mine; Resolution group)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 164.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Clark Mts
    		[MinRec 8:432]
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Lawson District (Dumont District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Custer Co.
        • Silver Cliff District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
    		MinRec 16:171-201
          • Long and Derry Hill
            • Iowa Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
    		Anderson, 1991. Maine Mineral Localities, 2nd ed.
    • Montana
      • Granite Co.
        • Philipsburg District (Flint Creek District)
    		Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Lynn District
          • Elko
    		MinRecord 26:467
        • Maggie Creek District
    		MinRec 26(5):449-469.
      • Lincoln Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Silver King District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Candelaria District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • White Pine District
          • Silver Belt
            • Treasure Hill
              • Summit area
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Passaic Co.
    		[MinRec 9:26]
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:588.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:587.
    Palache(1935):52; Baum( J.L.: The Sterling Hill mud zone: The Picking Table:3(2):8-10 (1962); Dunn(1995):Pt4:587.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Hanover-Fierro District
    		M Massis collection
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Santa Fe Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    [MinRec 20:63]
      • Socorro Co.
    		[MinRec 20:24]
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • South Dakota
      • Lawrence Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    • Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
            • Gold Hill
              • Gold Hill Mine (Western Utah Mine)
    		Kokinos, M. and Wise, W.S. (1993), Famous Mineral Localities: the Gold Hill mine, Tooele County, Utah. Mineralogical Record: 24(1): 11-22.
    Kokinos, M. and Wise, W.S. (1993), Famous Mineral Localities: the Gold Hill mine, Tooele County, Utah. Mineralogical Record: 24(1): 11-22.
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Craig Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Giles Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
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