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Chenite

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Big Photo

Meadowfoot Smelter (slag locality), Wanlockhead, Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire), Scotland, UK
© Stephan Wolfsried

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Formula:
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
System:TriclinicColour:Pale blue
Hardness:2½
Member of:Linarite-Chenite Group
Name:For Canadian mineralogist, Tzong T. Chen (b. 1942)


Linarite-Chenite Group.

Classification of Chenite

IMA status:Approved 1983
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.10-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BC.70

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:30.1.16.1

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq, where m:p>2:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.7.8

25 : Sulphates
7 : Sulphates of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Chenite

Type Locality:Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar Vein; Susanna Vein (Scar Vein); Portobello Vein; Humby Vein; Lead Vein), Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Strathclyde (Lanarkshire), Scotland, UK
Year of Discovery:1983

Physical Properties of Chenite

Lustre:Adamantine
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Pale blue
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Hardness Data:Measured
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
On {100}.
Density (measured):5.98 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.044 g/cm3

Crystallography of Chenite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 5.791(1) Å, b = 7.940(1) Å, c = 7.976(1) Å
α = 112.02(1)°, β = 97.73(1)°, γ = 100.45(1)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.729 : 1 : 1.005
Unit Cell Volume:V 326.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:1
Morphology:Tabular, pointed, rich in faces.

Optical Data of Chenite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.871 nβ = 1.909 nγ = 1.927
2V:Measured: 67° , Calculated: 66°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.056

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:very strong

Chemical Properties of Chenite

Formula:
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, Pb, S

Relationship of Chenite to other Species

Member of:Linarite-Chenite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
Munakataite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
Schmiederite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
6+
 
O
 
4
)(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.BC.05D'Ansite
Na
 
21
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
10
Cl
 
3
7.BC.10Alunite
KAl
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Cu)
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Dorallcharite
(Tl,K)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Huangite
Ca
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Hydroniumjarosite
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natroalunite
(Na,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Schlossmacherite
(H
 
3
O,Ca)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Walthierite
Ba
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Zn)
Pb(Fe
3+
2
Zn)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.15Ye'elimite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
(SO
 
4
)O
 
12
7.BC.20Atlasovite
K(BiO)Cu
 
6
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
O
 
3
Cl
7.BC.20Nabokoite
KCu
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(Te
4+
 
O
 
3
)OCl
7.BC.25Chlorothionite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
7.BC.30Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.30Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.35Kamchatkite
KCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
OCl
7.BC.40Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
7.BC.45Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.45Alumoklyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.50Caledonite
Pb
 
5
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
7.BC.55Wherryite
Pb
 
7
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
7.BC.60Mammothite
Pb
 
6
Cu
 
4
AlSb
5+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.BC.65Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
7.BC.65Schmiederite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
6+
 
O
 
4
)(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.65Munakataite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.75Krivovichevite
Pb
 
3
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
7
7.BC.80Anhydrokainite
KMg(SO
 
4
)Cl
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.7.1Schaurteite
Ca
 
3
Ge(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.2Zircosulfate
(Zr,Ti)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.3Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
25.7.4Lanarkite
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)O
25.7.5Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.7.6Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
25.7.7Elyite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.7.9Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.10Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
25.7.11Fleischerite
Pb
 
3
Ge(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.7.12Beaverite-(Cu)
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.13Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Other Names for Chenite

Synonyms:
IMA1983-069
Other Languages:
German:Chenit
Russian:Ченит
Spanish:Chenita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Chenite

Reference List:

- +
Paar, W. H., Mereiter, K., Braithwaite, R. S. W., Keller, P. and Dunn, P. J. (1986), "Chenite, Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6, a new mineral, from Leadhills, Scotland": Mineralogical Magazine: 50: 129-135.

American Mineralogist: 72: 222.

Hess, H., Keller., P. and Riffel, H. (1988): The crystal structure of chenite, Pb4Cu(OH)6(SO4)2. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1988, 259-264.

Krause, W. (1991): Chenit von der Grube Virneberg bei Rheinbreitbach. Aufschluss 42, 147-153. (in German)

Internet Links for Chenite

Search Engines:
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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Chenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
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  • SpiriferMinerals.com - high quality low prices
  • Rare and Unusual minerals at Mineralogical Research Company
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    • Localities for Chenite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Waitschach
    		Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
        • St Martin am Silberberg
    		Blaß, G., Graf, H.-W. & Pichler, A. (1997): Sekundäre Neubildungen in Schlacken von St. Martin am Silberberg in Kärnten (1). Mineralien-Welt, 8(5), 42-45.
    • Styria
      • Niedere Tauern
        • Öblarn
          • Walchen
    		Schebesta, K. (1992): Schlackenminerale aus der Walchen bei Öblarn. Lapis 17 (2), 19-30; 50.
    Belgium
     
    • Limburg Province
      • Dilsen-Stokkem
    • Namur Province
      • Andenne
    		No reference listed
    France
     
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Poullaouen
    		Germain C., Leydet J-C., Saget Ph. (1990), Les minéraux de néoformation de Huelgoat (Finistère), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, 3-16
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Tuchan
          • Padern
    		Favreau, G., Berbain, C. & Meisser, N. (2003): Cyanophyllite et autres minéraux rares de Padern (Aude). Le Cahiers des Micromonteurs, 82(4), 17-23.
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Loire
        • La Pacaudière
          • Le Crozet
    		 Vernay, R. (1997): Le Crozet (Loire, France). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 55(1), 9-22. ; Chollet, P. & Devouard, B. (2013): La mine de cuivre et de plomb des Rats, Le Crozet (Loire). Le Règne Minéral, 109, 7-46.
      • Rhône
        • Poule-les-Echarmeaux
    		Chollet Pascal Collection
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Badenweiler
          • Badenweiler Pb mining District
            • Sehringen
    		Schlomann, C. and Steen, H. (1990) Neue Mineralfunde aus dem Bergbaugebiet von Badenweiler im Südschwarzwald. Lapis, 15 (12), 13-20; 50. (in German)
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Emmendingen
          • Freiamt Pb-Cu mining District
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • St Blasien
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1991): Mineralogische Notizen V, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 42, 155-171
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • Lautenthal
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Eifel
        • Mechernich
          • Kall
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
          • Ramsbeck
    		Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Westerwald
        • Linz am Rhein
          • Rheinbreitbach
    		Krause, W. (1991): Chenit von der Grube Virneberg bei Rheinbreitbach, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 42, 147-153
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Sounion Area
            • Agia Varvara Mines (St Barbara Mines)
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
        • Massa Marittima
    		Jansen, H. & van den Berg, W. (1998): Slakkenmineralen in Toscane (Italië). Gea, no. 4, 109-117 (in Dutch).
      • Livorno Province
        • Campiglia Marittima
    		Jansen, H. & van den Berg, W. (1998): Slakkenmineralen in Toscane (Italië). Gea, no. 4, 109-117 (in Dutch).
          • Sassetta
    		Jansen, H. & van den Berg, W. (1998): Slakkenmineralen in Toscane (Italië). Gea, no. 4, 109-117 (in Dutch).
        • Piombino
    		Jansen, H. & van den Berg, W. (1998): Slakkenmineralen in Toscane (Italië). Gea, no. 4, 109-117 (in Dutch).
    UK
     
    • England
      • Co. Durham
        • North Pennines
          • Derwent Valley
            • Castleside
    		R. S. W. Braithwaite, R. P. H. Lamb & A. L. Nattrass (2006): Heavy metals and their weathering products in residues from Castleside Smelting Mill, County Durham, including a new slag mineral, copper antimonate. Journal of the Russell Society, 9, 54-61.
      • Cornwall
        • Mount's Bay District
          • Porthleven
    		g.curtis collection
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		UKJMM 16
            • Roughton Gill
    		Journal of The Russell Society, Volume11, 2008
    Journal of The Russell Society, Volume 11, 2008
          • Threlkeld District
            • Blencathra
    		UK Journal of Mines and Minerals number 29 2008
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire)
        • Wanlockhead
    		BMS Database; Green, D. I. (1987): The minerals of Meadowfoot smelter. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 2, 3-9.
    S Rust collection
    S.Rust collection
      • Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
        • South Lanarkshire
          • Leadhills
    		BMS Database
    Paar, W. H., Mereiter, K., Braithwaite, R. S. W., Keller, P. and Dunn, P. J. (1986), "Chenite, Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6, a new mineral, from Leadhills, Scotland": Mineralogical Magazine: 50: 129-135.
            • Wanlock Dod
    		Steve Rust Collection
    S.Rust Collection
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
    		S Rust
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		UKJMM 18
        • Trefeirig
          • Pen-bont Rhydybeddau
    		[UK Journal of Mines and Minerals No.14 p.9]
    Mineral and/or Locality
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