Aurorite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Aurorite
Formula:
Mn2+Mn4+3O7 · 3H2O
Colour:
Black, pale brown in transmitted light at the edges of very thin, platy grains
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.81 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1967 by Arthur S. Radtke, Charles M. Taylor, and Donnel Foster Hewett for the type locality.
This page provides mineralogical data about Aurorite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
428
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:428:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
6248f4b7-3ea8-49b9-8a54-4c83426c4374
IMA Classification of Aurorite
Approved
Classification of Aurorite
4.FL.20
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
7.8.2.2
7.8.2.2
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
7.18.12
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Aro | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Aurorite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, pale brown in transmitted light at the edges of very thin, platy grains
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Density:
3.81 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Aurorite
Type:
Biaxial
Anisotropism:
Yellow-grey to brownish grey
Bireflectance:
Strong, cream-white to medium black
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400 nm | 10.4% | 36.5% |
420 nm | 10.3% | 35.3% |
440 nm | 10.2% | 34.0% |
460 nm | 9.99% | 32.4% |
480 nm | 9.67% | 30.6% |
500 nm | 9.49% | 29.2% |
520 nm | 9.31% | 27.8% |
540 nm | 9.16% | 26.6% |
560 nm | 9.11% | 25.6% |
580 nm | 8.93% | 24.9% |
600 nm | 8.88% | 24.5% |
620 nm | 8.87% | 24.0% |
640 nm | 8.85% | 23.7% |
660 nm | 8.84% | 23.4% |
680 nm | 8.82% | 22.9% |
700 nm | 8.80% | 22.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 36.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Aurorite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+Mn4+3O7 · 3H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Aurorite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.514 Å, c = 20.734 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.759
Unit Cell V:
1,013.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Comment:
Could be R-3.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
6.94 Å | (100) |
6.20 Å | (20) |
4.06 Å | (50) |
3.46 Å | (70) |
3.29 Å | (20) |
3.20 Å | (10) |
2.76 Å | (30) |
2.70 Å | (5) |
2.54 Å | (50) |
2.45 Å | (40) |
2.40 Å | (40) |
2.23 Å | (50) |
2.13 Å | (30) |
1.98 Å | (5) |
1.899 Å | (40) |
1.841 Å | (20) |
1.795 Å | (30) |
1.748 Å | (5) |
1.712 Å | (10) |
1.668 Å | (5) |
1.563 Å | (5) |
1.560 Å | (50) |
1.508 Å | (20) |
1.429 Å | (50) |
1.398 Å | (5) |
1.321 Å | (10) |
1.277 Å | (10) |
1.234 Å | (5) |
1.204 Å | (10) |
1.144 Å | (10) |
1.119 Å | (5) |
1.064 Å | (20) |
1.036 Å | (10) |
Comments:
ICDD 19-88 (note subsequent change in crystal system). The pattern is nearly indistinguishable from those of Chalcophanite and Jianshuiite. Recorded on type material (Aurora Mine, Hamilton, Nevada).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Aurorite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small, irregular masses and platy or scaly grains, to 8 µm
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In veinlets filling microfractures in manganoan calcite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Aurorite
Other Language Names for Aurorite
Relationship of Aurorite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chalcophanite | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Ernienickelite | NiMn3O7 · 3H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Jianshuiite | (Mg,Mn,Ca)Mn3O7 · 3H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
8 photos of Aurorite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
1 photo of Aurorite associated with Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
1 photo of Aurorite associated with Chalcophanite | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
1 photo of Aurorite associated with Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.FL. | Trébeurdenite | Fe2+2Fe3+4O2(OH)10CO3 · 3H2O |
4.FL. | Mariakrite | [Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4] |
4.FL.05 | Woodallite | Mg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
4.FL.05 | Iowaite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
4.FL.05 | Jamborite | Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x · nH2O |
4.FL.05 | Meixnerite | Mg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2 · 4H2O |
4.FL.05 | Muskoxite | Mg7Fe4O13 · 10H2O |
4.FL.05 | Fougèrite | Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
4.FL.05 | Mössbauerite | Fe3+6O4(OH)8[CO3] · 3H2O |
4.FL.05 | Dritsite | Li2Al4(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O |
4.FL.10 | Hydrocalumite | Ca4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2 · 4H2O |
4.FL.15 | Kuzelite | Ca4Al2(OH)12[SO4] · 6H2O |
4.FL.20 | Chalcophanite | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
4.FL.20 | Ernienickelite | NiMn3O7 · 3H2O |
4.FL.20 | Jianshuiite | (Mg,Mn,Ca)Mn3O7 · 3H2O |
4.FL.25 | Woodruffite | Zn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2 · yH2O |
4.FL.30 | Asbolane | (Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O |
4.FL.30 va | Lampadite | Cu, Mn, O, H |
4.FL.35 | Buserite | Na4Mn14O27 · 21H2O |
4.FL.40 | Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
4.FL.40 | Takanelite | (Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O |
4.FL.45 | Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
4.FL.55 | Cianciulliite | Mn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10 · 2-4H2O |
4.FL.60 | Jensenite | Cu3[TeO6] · 2H2O |
4.FL.65 | Leisingite | Cu2MgTe6+O6 · 6H2O |
4.FL.70 | Akdalaite | Al10O14(OH)2 |
4.FL.75 | Cafetite | CaTi2O5 · H2O |
4.FL.80 | Mourite | UMo5O12(OH)10 |
4.FL.85 | Deloryite | Cu4(UO2)(MoO4)2(OH)6 |
4.FL.90 | Lagalyite | Ca2xMn1-xO2 · 1.5-2H2O |
4.FL.95 | Tunnerite (of Cornu) | |
4.FL.100 | Carbocalumite | Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 6H2O |
4.FL.100 | Mampsisite | Ca4Al2(CO3)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Aurorite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-428.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Aurorite
Reference List:
Criddle, A. J., Stanley, C. J. (1993) Data file. In Quantitative Data File for Ore Minerals. Springer Netherlands. p.1-635. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8_1p.29
Localities for Aurorite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Peter Elliott |
| |
V. Peisley & P. Elliott in prep | |
| Francis et al. (2012) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2013) |
China | |
| Baisheng Zhang (1998) |
| Yongwei Li et al. (2010) |
Egypt | |
| Salama et al. (2012) |
Greece | |
| |
Japan | |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Kruszewski et al. (2019) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Cousins (1972) +1 other reference |
| Carlos et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Radtke et al. (1967) +1 other reference |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Dunn (1995) |
Quick NavTopAbout AuroriteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Defiance Mine, Costello Mine group, Gleeson, Turquoise Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA