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Palmierite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Palmierite (15)

Palmierite Gallery Search Photos of Palmierite

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Palmierite

Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Palmierite

La Cruz lead smelter slag locality, Linares, Jaén, Andalusia, Spain

Palmierite

La Cruz lead smelter slag locality, Linares, Jaén, Andalusia, Spain

Palmierite

Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Palmierite

La Cruz lead smelter slag locality, Linares, Jaén, Andalusia, Spain

Palmierite

La Cruz lead smelter slag locality, Linares, Jaén, Andalusia, Spain

Palmierite

Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik Volcanic field, Milkovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Palmierite

La Cruz lead smelter slag locality, Linares, Jaén, Andalusia, Spain

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About PalmieriteHide

Luigi Palmieri

Formula:

K₂Pb(SO₄)₂

K may be replaced by minor Na.

Colour:

Colourless, white; colourless in transmitted light

Lustre:

Vitreous, Pearly

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

4.363

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Palmierite Group > Palmierite Supergroup

Name:

Named in honor of Luigi Palmieri (22 April 1807, Faicchio, Benevento, Italy – 9 September 1896, Naples, Italy), physicist and meteorologist, and Director of the Vesuvius Observatory. He was famous for his scientific studies of the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, for his research on earthquakes and meteorological phenomena and for improving the seismograph.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Mount Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Isostructural with:

Kalistrontite

The lead analogue of Kalistrontite. Compare eleomelanite.

In experimental volcanic gas condensation by Africano et al. (2002) it deposited in the range of ca. 600-400^oC.

Commonly found as an alteration product in man made pigments and smelting residues.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3071

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3071:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

0b23e012-1488-4467-973e-b02446acf5ac

IMA Classification of PalmieriteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Lacroix A (1907) Les minéraux des fumerolles de l'éruption du Vésuve en Avril 1906. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie 30, 219-266

Classification of PalmieriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

7.AD.40

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H₂O
D : With only large cations

Dana 8th ed.:

28.4.3.1

28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
4 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

25.7.5

25 : Sulphates
7 : Sulphates of Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Pmi	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of PalmieriteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous, Pearly

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Colourless, white; colourless in transmitted light

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Density:

4.363 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.33 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PalmieriteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

Chemistry of PalmieriteHide

Mindat Formula:

K₂Pb(SO₄)₂

K may be replaced by minor Na.

Elements listed:

K, O, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of PalmieriteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.4950(6) Å, c = 20.849(4) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 3.794

Unit Cell V:

545.19 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals are microscopic micaceous plates {0001}, with hexagonal outlines.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0015320	Palmierite	Tissot R G, Rodriguez M A, Sipola D L, Voigt J A (2001) X-ray powder diffraction study of synthetic palmierite, K2Pb(SO4)2 Powder Diffraction 16 92-97		2001	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Palmierite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Tissot R G'
'Rodriguez M A'
'Sipola D L'
'Voigt J A'
_journal_name_full 'Powder Diffraction'
_journal_volume 16 
_journal_year 2001
_journal_page_first 92
_journal_page_last 97
_publ_section_title
;
 X-ray powder diffraction study of synthetic palmierite, K2Pb(SO4)2
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015320
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'K2 Pb S2 O8'
_cell_length_a 5.497
_cell_length_b 5.497
_cell_length_c 20.864
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 545.984
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.357
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
K   0.33333   0.66667   0.46500   0.02520
Pb   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.02520
S   0.00000   0.00000   0.40330   0.02520
O1   0.00000   0.00000   0.33300   0.02520
O2   0.29600   0.14800   0.42700   0.02520

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
6.948 Å	(35)
4.333 Å	(45)
3.138 Å	(100)
2.749 Å	(70)
2.557 Å	(35)
2.156 Å	(30)
2.068 Å	(35)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Type Occurrence of PalmieriteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Mount Vesuvius, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

General Appearance of Type Material:

As minute crytals, platy on {0001} with hexagonal outline

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

University of Naples, Naples, 17516; Natural History Museum, Paris, France, 107.476, 107.477; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1927,1049.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Volcanic fumaroles

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Aphthitalite

Reference:

Lacroix A (1907) Les minéraux des fumerolles de l'éruption du Vésuve en Avril 1906. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie 30, 219-266

Other Language Names for PalmieriteHide

German:Palmierit

Russian:Пальмиерит

Simplified Chinese:钾钠铅矾

Spanish:Palmierita

Relationship of Palmierite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Palmierite Group > Palmierite Supergroup

Other Members of this group:

Kalistrontite

K₂Sr(SO₄)₂

Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Palmierite associated with Chlorothionite	K₂Cu(SO₄)Cl₂
1 photo of Palmierite associated with Slag
1 photo of Palmierite associated with Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
1 photo of Palmierite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
1 photo of Palmierite associated with Lanarkite	Pb₂(SO₄)O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

7.AD.	Calciolangbeinite	K₂Ca₂(SO₄)₃	Iso. 2 3 : P2₁ 3
7.AD.	Bubnovaite	K₂Na₈Ca(SO₄)₆	Trig. 3m : P3 1c
7.AD.	Dobrovolskyite	Na₄Ca(SO₄)₃	Trig. 3 : R3
7.AD.	Murphyite	Pb(Te⁶⁺O₄)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.AD.	Cuprodobrovolskyite	Na₄Cu(SO₄)₃	Trig. 3 : R3
7.AD.	Kristjánite	KNa₂H(SO₄)₂	Mon. 2/m
7.AD.05	Arcanite	K₂SO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.AD.05	Mascagnite	(NH₄)₂SO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.10	Mercallite	KHSO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
7.AD.15	Misenite	K₈H₆(SO₄)₇	Mon.
7.AD.20	Letovicite	(NH₄)₃H(SO₄)₂	Tric.
7.AD.25	Glauberite	Na₂Ca(SO₄)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.AD.25	Thénardite	Na₂SO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Fddd
7.AD.30	Anhydrite	CaSO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.AD.30	Metathénardite	Na₂SO₄	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
7.AD.35	Anglesite	PbSO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.35	Baryte	BaSO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.35	Celestine	SrSO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.35	Olsacherite	Pb₂(Se⁶⁺O₄)(SO₄)	Orth.
7.AD.40	Kalistrontite	K₂Sr(SO₄)₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
7.AD.45	Ivsite	Na₃H(SO₄)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
7.AD.55	Markhininite	TlBi(SO₄)₂	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PalmieriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3071.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for PalmieriteHide

Reference List:

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: 10: 1-112.

Lacroix, A. (1907) Les minéraux des fumerolles de l'éruption du Vésuve en avril 1906. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie: 30: 219-266.

Lacroix, A. (1907) Sur une espèce minérale nouvelle des fumerolles à haute température de la récente éruption du Vésuve. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences: 144: 1397-1401.

Lacroix A (1907) Les minéraux des fumerolles de l'éruption du Vésuve en Avril 1906. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie 30, 219-266

Lacroix (1908) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 31: 261.

Zambonini, F. (1921) Sur la palmiérite du Vésuve et les mineraux qui l'accompagnent. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences: 172: 1419-1422.

Wherry, E.T. (1922) New minerals: redefinition of species. American Mineralogist: 7: 194-196.

Cesàro (1934) Bull. Académie royale des sciences de Belgique, Brussels: 5: 20: 683.

Bellanca, A. (1946) La struttura della palmierite. Periodico di Mineralogia: 15: 5-25. (in Italian)

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.403-404

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1973): 75-78.

Moore, P.B. (1973) Bracelets and pinwheels: A topological-geometrical approach to the calcium orthosilicate and alkali sulfate structures. American Mineralogist: 58: 32-42.

Periodico di Mineralogia (1985): 54: 34.

Tissot, R.G., Rodriguez, M.A., Sipola, D.L., Voigt, J.A. (2001) X-ray powder diffraction study of synthetic Palmierite, K2Pb(SO4)2. Powder Diffraction: 16: 92-97.

Africano, F., Van Rompaey, G., Bernard, A., Le Guern, F. (2002) Deposition of trace elements from high temperature gases of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. Earth Planets Space: 54: 275-286.

(2023) Palmierite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for PalmieriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Frauenstein Äußere Wimitz ⓘ No. 1 adit	G. Blass (2001)
Spittal an der Drau District Rennweg am Katschberg Pölla valley Zanaischg ⓘ Knappenlöcher	Auer (2023)

Chile
Antofagasta Tocopilla Province María Elena ⓘ Santa Ana Mine (Chapacase Mine)	samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ...

Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Bestwig ⓘ Ramsbeck	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Bastenberg Mine	Schnorrer (1995)
Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality	Bender et al. (1994)
Cologne Aachen Stolberg ⓘ Münsterbusch zinc smelter slag locality	Blaß et al. (1995)

Indonesia
Special Region of Yogyakarta ⓘ Fumaroles ?	Symonds (1993)

Italy (TL)
Campania Naples Somma-Vesuvius Complex ⓘ Mount Vesuvius (TL)	Russo +2 other references
ⓘ Atrio del Cavallo	Imma Punzo collection
ⓘ Vesuvius fumaroles	Pelloux (1927) +1 other reference

Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture Kagoshima District Mishima village Satsuma-Ioujima (Satsuma-Iwojima; Iou island) Iodake (Iwodake; Ioudake) ⓘ Main Crater	Africano et al. (2002)

Romania
Teleorman County ⓘ Blejeşti	Hansen et al. (2019)

Russia
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) Second scoria cone ⓘ Yadovitaya fumarole	Zelenski et al. (2012)
Plosky Tolbachik Volcano ⓘ 2012-2013 Fissure Tolbachik Eruption site	Zelenski et al. (2020)

Spain
Andalusia Jaén Linares ⓘ La Cruz lead smelter slag locality	Calvo (2014)

Palmierite

About PalmieriteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of PalmieriteHide

Classification of PalmieriteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of PalmieriteHide

Optical Data of PalmieriteHide

Chemistry of PalmieriteHide

Crystallography of PalmieriteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of PalmieriteHide

Other Language Names for PalmieriteHide

Relationship of Palmierite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for PalmieriteHide

References for PalmieriteHide

Localities for PalmieriteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide