Verbeekite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Verbeekite
Formula:
PdSe2
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5½
Specific Gravity:
7.211 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Dr. Theodore Verbeek (born at Kinrooi, Belgium September 27th 1927 and passed away in Toronto on April 20th 1991), for his work on the Se-Pd mineralization of the Musonoi deposit.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
25640
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:25640:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
7f5985fd-5539-4315-af50-5c04ca9aab34
IMA Classification of Verbeekite
Approved
Approval year:
2001
Type description reference:
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Classification of Verbeekite
2.EA.25
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
A : M:S = 1:2 - With Cu, Ag, Au
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
A : M:S = 1:2 - With Cu, Ag, Au
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Vbk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Verbeekite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN5=490 - 610 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
7.211 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Verbeekite
Anisotropism:
Moderate with brown tints
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 | imR1 | imR2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
400nm | 50.05% | 50.75% | 37.00% | 37.85% |
420nm | 50.20% | 51.20% | 37.00% | 38.00% |
440nm | 50.30% | 51.65% | 37.00% | 38.25% |
460nm | 50.60% | 52.25% | 36.95% | 38.40% |
470nm | 50.80% | 52.30% | 37.00% | 38.40% |
480nm | 50.90% | 52.50% | 37.00% | 38.40% |
500nm | 51.20% | 52.55% | 37.05% | 38.35% |
520nm | 51.40% | 52.60% | 37.35% | 38.25% |
540nm | 51.70% | 52.80% | 37.70% | 38.30% |
546nm | 51.85% | 52.90% | 37.75% | 38.30% |
560nm | 52.00% | 53.15% | 37.85% | 38.40% |
580nm | 52.10% | 53.45% | 38.25% | 38.70% |
589nm | 52.20% | 53.55% | 38.50% | 38.60% |
600nm | 52.25% | 53.65% | 38.40% | 38.90% |
620nm | 52.30% | 53.75% | 38.60% | 39.15% |
640nm | 52.35% | 53.90% | 38.65% | 39.40% |
650nm | 52.40% | 54.00% | 38.80% | 39.60% |
660nm | 52.40% | 54.10% | 38.90% | 39.80% |
680nm | 52.45% | 54.25% | 39.10% | 40.10% |
700nm | 52.50% | 54.35% | 39.30% | 40.45% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 54.35%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
Grey
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Verbeekite
Mindat Formula:
PdSe2
Elements listed:
CAS Registry number:
Crystallography of Verbeekite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.659(7) Å, b = 4.124(5) Å, c = 4.438(6) Å
β = 92.76(3)°
β = 92.76(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.615 : 1 : 1.076
Unit Cell V:
121.7 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Anhedral grains to 200 microns.
Comment:
space group : C2/m, C2 or Cm
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.423 Å | (30) |
3.496 Å | (30) |
2.718 Å | (100) |
1.955 Å | (50) |
1.896 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Verbeekite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral grains to 200 μm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, UK, number BM2001,4.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Roberts A.C., W.H. Paar, M.A. Cooper, D. Topa, A.J. Criddle & J. Jedwab (2002): Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine: 66: 173-179.
Synonyms of Verbeekite
Other Language Names for Verbeekite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Verbeekite associated with Oosterboschite | (Pd,Cu)7Se5 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.EA. | Radvaniceite | GeS2 |
2.EA.05 | Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 |
2.EA.10 | Calaverite | AuTe2 |
2.EA.15 | Kostovite | CuAuTe4 |
2.EA.15 | Krennerite | Au3AgTe8 |
2.EA.20 | Berndtite | SnS2 |
2.EA.20 | Kitkaite | NiTeSe |
2.EA.20 | Melonite | NiTe2 |
2.EA.20 | Merenskyite | PdTe2 |
2.EA.20 | Moncheite | Pt(Te,Bi)2 |
2.EA.20 | Shuangfengite | IrTe2 |
2.EA.20 | Sudovikovite | PtSe2 |
2.EA.20 | Ognitite | NiBiTe |
2.EA.30 | Drysdallite | MoSe2 |
2.EA.30 | Jordisite | MoS2 |
2.EA.30 | Molybdenite | MoS2 |
2.EA.30 | Tungstenite | WS2 |
2.EA.40 | Pampaloite | AuSbTe |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Verbeekite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-25640.html
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External Links:
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References for Verbeekite
Reference List:
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Mandarino, Joseph A. (2002) New minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (4) 1215-1234 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1215
Roberts, Andrew C., Paar, Werner H., Cooper, Mark A., Topa, Dan, Criddle, Alan J., Jedwab, J. (2002) Verbeekite, monoclinic PdSe2, a new mineral from the Musonoi Cu-Co-Mn-U mine, near Kolwezi, Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mineralogical Magazine, 66 (1) 173-179 doi:10.1180/0026461026610020
Localities for Verbeekite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Roberts et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Roberts et al. (2002) |
Quick NavTopAbout VerbeekiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Musonoi Mine, Kolwezi, Mutshatsha, Lualaba, DR Congo