Clinoenstatite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Robert M. Hazen
About Clinoenstatite
Formula:
MgSiO3
Colour:
Colourless, greenish yellow, yellowish brown, green-brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.210 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named for being the monoclinic polymorph of enstatite.
Polymorph of:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1072
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1072:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
1e6e1cad-f01f-4d74-89a6-d6546525f1c8
Classification of Clinoenstatite
Clinoenstatite and its relation to other pyroxenes (after Morimoto et al, 1989)
Previous petrological nomenclature of clinopyroxenes from basaltic magmas (after Poldervaart & Hess, 1951)
IMA Classification of Clinoenstatite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mg2Si2O6
First published:
1906
9.DA.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si2O6; pyroxene family
65.1.1.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2
14.4.3
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Cen | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Cen | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Cen | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Cen | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of Clinoenstatite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, greenish yellow, yellowish brown, green-brown
Comment:
Colorless in thin section.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {110}; (110) ∧ (110) ≃91°.
Good on {110}; (110) ∧ (110) ≃91°.
Comment:
Tenacity is likely brittle, by analogy to enstatite.
Density:
3.210 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Clinoenstatite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.651 nβ = 1.654 nγ = 1.660
2V:
Measured: 53.5°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.009
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
strong
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Z ∧ c = 20-22°.
Chemistry of Clinoenstatite
Mindat Formula:
MgSiO3
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ca,Na
Crystallography of Clinoenstatite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.6065 Å, b = 8.8146 Å, c = 5.1688 Å
β = 108.335°
β = 108.335°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.09 : 1 : 0.586
Unit Cell V:
415.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
Polysynthetic on {100}.
Comment:
Synthetic sample.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0002799 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0002800 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0002801 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0002802 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0002803 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0002804 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0002805 | Clinoenstatite | Tribaudino M, Nestola F, Camara F, Domeneghetti M C (2002) The high-temperature P2_1/c - C2/c phase transition in Fe-free pyroxene (Ca.15Mg1.85Si2O6): Structural and thermodynamic behavior American Mineralogist 87 648-657 | 2002 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0007357 | Clinoenstatite | Ohashi Y (1984) Polysynthetically-twinned structures of enstatite and wollastonite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 10 217-229 | 1984 | 0 | 293 | ||
0010589 | Clinoenstatite | Morimoto N, Appleman D E, Evans H T (1960) The crystal structures of clinoenstatite and pigeonite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 114 120-147 | 1960 | Bishopville, South Carolina meteorite, heat-treated | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.873 Å | (100) |
2.976 Å | (75) |
3.17 Å | (30) |
2.452 Å | (30) |
2.115 Å | (30) |
3.28 Å | (25) |
2.518 Å | (18) |
Comments:
Synthetic
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases | 4.567-4.561 |
4 : Primary chondrule phases | 4.566–4.561 |
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Geological Setting:
As phenocrysts, likely inverted from "protoenstatite," in high-magnesium, non-feldspathic andesites. Exsolved in diopside in ultramafic rocks and in enstatite in high-grade metamorphic hornfelses. An essential constituent of chondrite and achondrite meteorites, likely formed by stress.
Synonyms of Clinoenstatite
Low-calcium pyroxene (in part)
Other Language Names for Clinoenstatite
Russian:Клиноэнстатит
Spanish:Clinoenstatita
Relationship of Clinoenstatite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Burnettite | CaVAlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+2Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Colomeraite | NaTi3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Grossmanite | CaTi3+ AlSiO6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Kanoite | Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Kushiroite | CaAl[AlSiO6] | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Omphacite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m |
Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Ryabchikovite | CuMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Tissintite | (Ca,Na,◻)AlSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
UM2001-19-SiO:AlCaMgNa | (Na,Mg,Ca)(Mg,Al)Si2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
UM2003-36-SiO:CaNa | NaCrSi2O6 - CaMgSi2O6 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
3 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Glass | |
3 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
3 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
3 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Ruizite | Ca2Mn3+2[Si4O11(OH)2](OH)2 · 2H2O |
3 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Rhodic Ferroplatinum | (Pt,Rh,Fe) |
2 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Kenyaite | Na2Si22O41(OH)8 · 6H2O |
2 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 |
2 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Povondraite | NaFe3+3(Mg2Fe3+4)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
2 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
2 photos of Clinoenstatite associated with Magnesite | MgCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.DA. | Protoenstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
9.DA. | Ryabchikovite | CuMgSi2O6 |
9.DA. | Colomeraite | NaTi3+Si2O6 |
9.DA.05 | Donpeacorite | (Mn,Mg)MgSi2O6 |
9.DA.05 | Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
9.DA.05 | Ferrosilite | Fe2+2Si2O6 |
9.DA.10 | Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+2Si2O6 |
9.DA.10 | Kanoite | Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)Si2O6 |
9.DA.10 | Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
9.DA.15 | Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
9.DA.15 | Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
9.DA.15 | Esseneite | CaFe3+[AlSiO6] |
9.DA.15 | Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
9.DA.15 va | Jeffersonite | Ca(Mn,Zn,Fe)Si2O6 |
9.DA.15 | Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 |
9.DA.15 | Petedunnite | Ca(Zn,Mn2+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6 |
9.DA.15 | Davisite | CaScAlSiO6 |
9.DA.15 | Kushiroite | CaAl[AlSiO6] |
9.DA.15 | Grossmanite | CaTi3+ AlSiO6 |
9.DA.20 | Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
9.DA.20 | Omphacite | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Jadeite | Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Jervisite | NaSc3+Si2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Kosmochlor | NaCrSi2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Namansilite | NaMn3+Si2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Natalyite | NaV3+Si2O6 |
9.DA.25 | Tissintite | (Ca,Na,◻)AlSi2O6 |
9.DA.30 | Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
9.DA.35 | Hiroseite | FeSiO3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Clinoenstatite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1072.html
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References for Clinoenstatite
Localities for Clinoenstatite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria | |
| McCoy et al. (1992) |
Oba et al. (1998) | |
Antarctica | |
| Lindstrom et al. (1993) |
Brearley et al. (1998) | |
Lindstrom et al. (1990) | |
| Meteorite Working Group (1985) |
Brian Mason (1978) | |
| Meteorite Working Group (1985) |
| Enstatite +1 other reference |
Australia | |
| Tomioka et al. (1997) +3 other references |
| Davy et al. (1978) |
| |
| Louis H. Fuchs (1970) |
| Horton E. Newsom & Michael J. Drake (1977) |
| Trommsdorff et al. (1968) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Collection of NHM |
Azerbaijan | |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +2 other references |
Brazil | |
| Jour. of South American Earth Sci. ... |
Canada | |
| Brian Harold Mason (1966) |
| RRUFF project specimen R080108.9. |
China | |
| T21A-0507 0800h : Clinoenstatite ... |
| Kuiren Wang and Junxin Wang (1987) |
| Hong et al. (1999) |
| Daode Wang and Rambaldi (1988) |
| Wankang Huang et al. (1978) |
| Gao et al. (2017) |
Egypt | |
| Methot et al. (1975) |
France | |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| Rhian H. Jones & Adrian J. Brearley. (1994) |
| Baziotis et al. (2018) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| T. Sameshima et al. |
| Wahl (1952) |
| Mason (1966) |
Germany | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
Greenland | |
| Kent Brooks et al. (1975) |
Hungary | |
| Kovács et al. (2003) |
| Szakáll & Gatter |
India | |
| Nakamuta et al. (2013) |
| Jones (1994) |
| Reid et al. (1990) |
| Brearley (1988) +1 other reference |
| Binns (1970) +1 other reference |
| Ruzicka (1990) |
Italy | |
| Mason et al. (1962) |
| Abreau et al. (2011) |
| Carapezza et al. (1976) |
Japan | |
| Forrest Cureton specimens |
Wada (1904) +1 other reference | |
| Akira Kato (2011) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
Malawi | |
| Mason (1966) |
Mongolia | |
| Savina et al. (2020) |
| Peretyazhko et al. (2017) |
Namibia | |
| Ashwal (2001) |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
Rubin et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Pakistan | |
| Dudley Blauwet (2004) |
P Haas collection +1 other reference | |
| Mason (1966) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Przylibski et al. (2005) |
| Karwowski Ł. 2003: The new ... |
Romania | |
| Delia Cristina Papp et al. (2005) |
| Pál Molnár (2000) |
Michel‐Lévy (1988) | |
Russia | |
| Scientific Report 5:9111 +1 other reference |
| Shchipalkina et al. (2020) |
| Semenenko et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| Tatarinov et al. (2021) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
South Africa | |
| Miyahara et al. (2008) |
Sudan | |
| Hey et al. (10) |
Sweden | |
| Lars Bergström (1959) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Science |
USA | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 386. +2 other references |
| Mason (1966) |
| - (n.d.) |
Kracher et al. (1984) | |
| Akihiko Okada (1980) |
| Alan E. Rubin (2010) |
| Noonan et al. (1977) |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
| Noonan (1975) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Lupulescu |
| Rubin et al. (1985) |
| Xu et al. (2017) |
| Rubin (2015) |
| Olsen et al. (1977) |
| Davis et al. (1984) |
| Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114) |
| Ferraris et al. (2002) |
| Cannon (1975) |
Outer Space | |
The Moon | |
| Gornostaeva T.A. et al. (2012) |
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Dordogne river alluvial deposits, Avèze, Issoire, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France