Cristobalite

Caspar quarry, Ettringer Bellerberg Mt. (Bellberg Mt.; Bellenberg Mt.; Billenberg Mt.; Boilenberg Mt.), Bellerberg volcano, Ettringen, Mayen, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© Fred Kruijen

Show Cristobalite Photos (49)

Formula:

SiO

System:

Tetragonal

Colour:

Blue grey, brown, grey, ...

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

6 - 7

Name:

Named after its locality (Cerro San Cristobal, Mexico)

Post-volcanic, magmatic, and secondary.

Classification of Cristobalite

IMA status:

Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"

Strunz 8th edition ID:

4/D.01-30

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:

4.DA.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family

Dana 8th edition ID:

75.1.1.1

75 : TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks
1 : Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO₂ with [4] coordinated Si

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.8.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si

mindat.org URL:

http://www.mindat.org/min-1155.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Cristobalite

Type Locality:

Cerro San Cristóbal, Mun. de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

Year of Discovery:

1887

Occurrences of Cristobalite

Geological Setting:

In vesicles and lithophysae

Physical Properties of Cristobalite

Lustre:

Vitreous

Diaphaneity (Transparency):

Transparent

Colour:

Blue grey, brown, grey, yellow, or white

Streak:

White

Hardness (Mohs):

6 - 7

Tenacity:

Brittle

Density (measured):

2.32 - 2.36 g/cm³

Density (calculated):

2.33 g/cm³

Crystallography of Cristobalite

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4 2 2 - Trapezohedral

Space Group:

P4₁ 2₁ 2

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.9709(1) Å, c = 6.9278(2) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.394

Unit Cell Volume:

V 171.18 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Pseudo octahedral crystals, commonly dendritic, spherulites.

Twinning:

On {111}

Crystal Atlas:

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Cristobalite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:

d-spacing		Intensity
4.05		(100)
3.135		(11)
2.841		(13)
2.485		(20)
2.465		(5)
2.118		(5)

Comments:

For synthetic material.

Optical Data of Cristobalite

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.487 n_ε = 1.484

Maximum Birefringence:

δ = 0.003

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Chemical Properties of Cristobalite

Formula:

SiO

Essential elements:

O, Si

All elements listed in formula:

O, Si

Common Impurities:

Fe,Ca,Al,K,Na,Ti,Mn,Mg,P

Relationship of Cristobalite to other Species

4.DA.05

Quartz

SiO

4.DA.10

Opal

SiO

·nH

4.DA.10

Tridymite

SiO

4.DA.20

Mogánite

SiO

4.DA.25

Melanophlogite

46SiO

·6(N

,CO

)·2(CH

)

4.DA.30

Lechatelierite

SiO

4.DA.35

Coesite

SiO

4.DA.40

Stishovite

SiO

4.DA.45

Keatite

4.DA.50

Seifertite

SiO

7.8.1

Quartz

SiO

7.8.2

Coesite

SiO

7.8.3

Tridymite

SiO

7.8.4

Stishovite

SiO

7.8.6

Lechatelierite

SiO

7.8.7

Silhydrite

3SiO

·H

7.8.8

Opal

SiO

·nH

7.8.9

Mogánite

SiO

Other Names for Cristobalite

Synonyms:

Other Languages:

Dutch:	Cristobaliet
Estonian:	Kristobaliit
French:	Cristobalite
German:	Cristobalit α-Cristobalit b-Cristobalit Cristobalitchalcedon Lussatit Tiefcristobalit
Italian:	Cristobalite
Japanese:	クリストバライト
Polish:	Krystobalit
Portuguese:	Cristobalita

Romanian:	Cristobalit
Russian:	Кристобалит
Spanish:	α-Cristobalita b-Cristobalita Cristobalita Lussatita
Ukrainian:	Кристобаліт

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:

Inverts from high cristobalite at 268C.

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cristobalite

Reference List:

Murdoch, Joseph (1942), Crystallographic notes, cristobalite, stephanite, natrolite: Am. Min.: 27: 500-506.

Henderson, J.H., M.L. Jackson, J.K. Syers, R.N. Clayton & R.W. Rex (1971), Cristobalite Authigenic origin in relation to montmorillonite and quartz origin in bentonite: Clays and Clay Minerals: 19: 229-238.

Murata, K.J. & J.K. Nakata (1974), Cristobalite stage in the diagenesis of diatomaceous shale: Science: 184: 567-568.

Richet, P., Bottinga, Y., Deniélou, L., Petitet, J.P., and Téqui, C. (1982) Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite, and amorphous SiO2: drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta: 46: 2639-2658.

Internet Links for Cristobalite

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External Links:

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Look for Cristobalite on Wikipedia

Look for Cristobalite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Search for Cristobalite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue

Cristobalite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)

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Localities for Cristobalite

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The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

(TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Antarctica
Eastern Antarctica Victoria Land Mount Adamson

Argentina
Córdoba Punilla Department Tanti Cerro Blanco pegmatite district El Criollo Mine	Mr. Nelson Valenzuela.
Jujuy Rachaite prospect	Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)

Australia
Victoria Mortlake Mount Shadwell	Birch, W. D., Wood, A., White, A. J. R., Mills, S. J. and Freeman, R. (2008): Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 14, 37-42.

Austria
Burgenland Oberpullendorf Kobersdorf Pauliberg Mt. Basalt quarry	U. Kolitsch, W. Postl, H.-P. Bojar and W. Trattner (2009): Die Mineralvorkommen im Basalt des Pauliberges. In: Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) (2009): Die Mineralien des Burgenlandes - Geologie, Mineralogie und mineralische Rohstoffe. – Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland, Band 126, Amt der Burgenländischen Landesregierung, Abteilung 7 - Landesmuseum, Eisenstadt, 83-99.
Carinthia Lavant valley St Paul Kollnitz Basalt quarry	G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
Styria Bad Gleichenberg Klause Schlarbaum quarry	Aufschluss 1972(SB), 52-55
Bad Radkersburg Klöch Basalt quarry	Taucher, J. et al. (1989)
Graz Wildon Weitendorf Basalt quarry	Aufschluss 1972(SB), 76-79

Azerbaijan
Qobustan (Gobustan; Kobustan) District Caspian Sea Bulla Island (Bulli Island; Bulla Ostrov; Khara-Zire)	Novgorodova M.I., Mamedov Yu.G.. Native aluminium from mud volcano at the Bulla island (caspian Sea), - Lithology and Mineral Resourses,1996,N4,p. 339-349

Bolivia
Oruro Department Carangas Province Mt Sajama	Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)

Brazil
North Region Pará São Geraldo do Araguaia Manoel Ambrósio Ranch	Revista Brasileira de Geociências, vol.30

Bulgaria
Kardzali (Kurdzhali; Kărdžali; Kurdjali) Oblast Rhodope Mts Zvezdel	Tschernich, 1992. Zeolites of the World

Canada
Québec Montréal Francon quarry	Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 5-60.

Chile
Atacama Region Copiapó Province Maricunga belt Lobo Mine	Sernageomin database 2005;Stgo de Chile
Soledad mine	Sernageomin database 2005;Stgo de Chile

China
Anhui Province Bozhou Prefecture Qiaocheng District Xiaoyanzhuang Boxian meteorite	http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1774.pdf / Lunar and Planetary Science XXX, J. C. Bridges et al.
Jiangsu Province Taizhou Prefecture Taizhou City Sixiangkou Sixiangkou meteorite	Lunar and Planetary Science, volume 27, page 1373

Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen) Hradec Králové Region Trutnov (Trautenau) Radvanice Katerina Coal Mine	Jirásek, J.: Thermal Changes of the Rocks in the Dump Pile of the Kateřina Colliery in Radvanice (Eastern Bohemia). Ostrava: VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Geological Engineering - 541, 2001. 69 p.
Ústí Region Most Korozluky (Kolosoruk)	Filippi, M.: Korozluky – pozoruhodná mineralogická lokalita Českého středohoří. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2002, roč. 10, s. 320-322.

Fiji
Viti Levu Tavua Gold Field Vatukoula Korovou Hill	J.M. Boirat and J. Lum, Chron. Rech. Min., N° 486, 1987, pp 55-62, BRGM.

France
Auvergne Haute-Loire Le Puy-en-Velay Espaly-Saint-Marcel Mt Denise	D. BARRIER, G. POURTIER & P. MEDARD, 2004, Minéralogie du Mont Denise (Haute-Loire), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 83, pp 3-8
Puy-de-Dôme Clermont-Ferrand Cournon-d'Auvergne Sarliève	Aimé Rudel : "Curiosités Géologiques d'Auvergne et du Velay", Editions Volcans, 1970
Pont-du-Château Dallet Les Rois Mine	Aimé Rudel : "Curiosités Géologiques d'Auvergne et du Velay", Editions Volcans, 1970
Lussat	Aimé Rudel : "Curiosités Géologiques d'Auvergne et du Velay", Editions Volcans, 1970
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Vaucluse Apt Courgas ravine	F. Roulin et al. , 1986, 109, pp. 349-357.

Germany
Bavaria Franconia Fichtelgebirge Kemnath Zinster Kuppe Mt.	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
Maroldsweisach Zeilberg Quarry	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Swabia Nördlingen Ries Crater Polsingen	http://geosciences.smsu.edu/geology/FieldTrips/Ries/page5.html
Upper Palatinate Waldeck Kalvarienberg Mt.	Pöllmann et al. (2007): Aufschluss 58, 227-233.
Hesse North Hesse Eschwege Blaue Kuppe	Koritnig, S. (1955): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrography 4, 504-521.
Sontra Cornberg Sandstone quarry	Müller, G. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 176-189.
Vogelsberg Ortenberg Gaulsberg Quarry
North Rhine-Westphalia Aachen Stolberg Birkengang zinc smelter (slag locality)
Münsterbusch zinc smelter (slag locality)	International Association of Collectors of Slag
Sauerland Iserlohn Letmathe Genna zinc smelter (slag locality)
Rhineland-Palatinate Eifel Mts Andernach Eich Nickenicher Sattel (Eicher Sattel)	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
Nickenich Nickenicher Weinberg Mt. (Nickenicher Sattelberg Mt.)	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
Daun Oberstadtfeld Kahlenberg Mt. (Auf'm Kopp)	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München (2. Auflage), 1987
Schalkenmehren Altburg	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Üdersdorf Emmelberg Mt.	Schäfer, H., Die Mineralien der Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in den Schlacken des Emmelberges bei Üdersdorf / Eifel, Der Aufschluss 30, 273-282, 1979
Löhley (Liley; Meerfeld Quarry; Slabik Quarry; Scheerer Quarry)	Hentschel, G., Die Minerale der Üdersdorfer Lava, Lapis, Weise Verlag, München, 11/1989
Hillesheim Zilsdorf Kahlenberg Mt.	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Kelberg Drees Niveligsberg Mt.	Schüller, W., Die Mineralien des Niveligsberges bei Drees in der Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 33, 1990
Manderscheid Bettenfeld Mosenberg Mt.	S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Mayen Ettringen Bellerberg volcano Ettringer Bellerberg Mt. (Bellberg Mt.; Bellenberg Mt.; Billenberg Mt.; Boilenberg Mt.) Caspar quarry	Hentschel, G. (1975): Die Mineralien der basaltischen Gesteine im Laacher Vulkangebiet, Der Aufschluß, Vol. 26, 65-87
Northern Lava flow Winfeld	Lehmann, J. (1877): Über die pyrogenen Quarze in den Laven des Niederrheins, Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preußischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Vol. 34, Cohen Bonn, pp. 203-226
Southern lava flow Mayener Feld	Lehmann, J. (1877): Über die pyrogenen Quarze in den Laven des Niederrheins, Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preußischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Vol. 34, Cohen Bonn, pp. 203-226
Western lava flow Ettringer Feld	Lehmann, J. (1877): Über die pyrogenen Quarze in den Laven des Niederrheins, Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preußischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Vol. 34, Cohen Bonn, pp. 203-226
Hochsimmer volcano "In der Ahl" Quarry	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
Mendig Bell Rothenberg Mt. (Rothenberg quarry)	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
Niedermendig Michels Quarry (incl. Bous Quarry; Geilen Quarry)	Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
Wingertsberg Mt. Basalt quarry	Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Tschörtner, J., Minerale der Eifelvulkane, CD, published by authors, 2006
Niederzissen Burgbrohl Herchenberg Mt.	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
Hannebach Hannebacher Ley (Hannebacher Lay)	Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
Polch Ochtendung Karmelenberg Mt.	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Wannenköpfe	Lapis 1988(7+8), 70-72
Wolfstein Königsberg Mt. Hohe Buche	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Thuringia Gera Ronneburg U deposit Lichtenberg Absetzer Mine (dump)	T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64

Greece
Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department Sámos Prefecture Sámos Island Karlovassi basin	Econ Geol (1989)84:788-798

Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co. Zempléni Mts. Erdőbénye Mulató Hill
Sárospatak Szemince

Iceland
Myvatn Hrafntinnuhryggur	Found by Björn Mamat (inclusions in Obsidian)

Indian Ocean
Ninety East Ridge (90° E Ridge; Indian Ridge) D.S.D.P. Leg 26 Site 253	D. Besse et al. , Bell. Minéral. , 1981, 104, pp. 56-63.

Israel
Negev desert Hatrurim Formation	Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.

Italy
Campania Naples Province Somma-Vesuvius Complex Mt. Vesuvius Belvedere	Balassone, G., Franco, E., Mattia, C.A., Puliti, R. (2004): Indialite in xenolithic rocks from Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Southern Italy): crystal chemistry and petrogenetic features, American Mineralogist 89: 1-6
Latium Latina Province Ponza Island Cala Fontana old quarry	E. Passaglia et al. , Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 429-438.
Viterbo Province Vico Lake Vetralla	No reference listed
Piedmont Torino Province Canavese District Baldissero Canavese Bettolino	Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
Susa Valley Caselette Calvo Mt.	Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Anzasca Valley Vanzone con San Carlo Cani Mine	Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
Tuscany Livorno Province Capraia Island	Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
Veneto Padova Province Euganei Hills Baone Monte Cero	Buscaroli C., Fassina, B., Sovilla, S., Tosato, F., & Dal Pozzo, C. (2007). Le fasi della silice nella trachite del Monte Cero (Colli Euganei, Padova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (1), 52-53.

Japan
Hokkaido Island Hidaka Province Monbetsu (Mombetsu) Shirataki	Fujiwara, T. (1994): Nihon-no-Koubutsu
Iburi Province Usu-zan	Africano & Bernard (2000), Jour. Volcanology & Geothermal Research: 97: 475-495.
Honshu Island Chubu region Shizuoka prefecture Mount Fuji	Alfredo Petrov specimens
Yamanashi prefecture Mount Fuji	Alfredo Petrov specimens
Tohoku Region Akita Prefecture Fukasawa mine (Fukazawa mine)	Shikazono, N., Hoshino, M., Utada, M., Nakata, M., and Ueda, A. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 346-358.
Kyushu Island Kagoshima Prefecture Kagoshima City Sakurajima volcano	Alfredo Petrov collection
Nansei Archipelago Kagoshima Prefecture Iou Island (Iwo Island; Iou-tou; Satsuma-Iou-jima; Satsuma-Iwojima)	S. Hamasaki (2002) Earth Planets Space 54, 217-229.
Okinawa Prefecture Iriomote Island	Tiba, T. & Saito, Y. (1974); Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, 7:25-30

Mexico
Durango La Esperanza Mine	[AmMin 85:263]
Mun. de Coneto de Comonfort Coneto de Comonfort Barranca Mine	No reference listed
Hidalgo Mun. de Pachuca Cerro San Cristóbal (TL)	vom Rath (1887) Neues Jahrb. Min. Bd 1 p 198
Jalisco Colima volcanic complex Colima volcano (Volcan de Fuego; Volcan de Colima)	Ostrooumov, M., Arellano-Jimenez, M., Ponce, A., Taran, Y., Reyes-Gasga, J. (2008): La colimaíta, K3VS4, un nuevo mineral del volcán Colima (México). Boletín de Mineralogía, 18(1), 7-8
Michoacan [Mun. unknown] Tepoxtepec (?Tepuxtepec) Cabires (?Cubires) Mine	Panczner(1987):172.
Mun. de Coalcomám La Hueca Mine

Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek District Arnhem Cave	[AmMin 84:193]

New Zealand
North Island Bay of Plenty Kawerau Geothermal field	http://www.mightyriver.co.nz/content/599/CR%202005-20%20-%20Geoscientific%20Review%20of%20Kawerau%20Geothermal%20Field.pdf
Northland Kaipara Tokatoka	Mason, B. (1957): Larnite, scawtite, and hydrogrossular from Tokatoka, New Zealand. American Mineralogist 42, 379-392.
Waiotapu	Econ Geol (1985) 80:1640-1668
Waikato Waihi Golden Cross Mine	Simpson, Mauk, & Simmons, 2001, Hydrothermal Alteration and Hydrologic Evolution of the Golden Cross Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, Economic Geology 96, pp773-796
South Island Clutha-Central Otago Clinton	Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).

Papua New Guinea
Morobe Province Wau Mine	Econ Geol (1984) 79:638-655
West New Britain Province Talasea Peninsula	Lowder, G.G. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 26, 324-340.

Peru
Cajamarca Department Cajamarca Province Cajamarca El Sol 3 (Encajon) deposit	Dill, H.G., Bosse, H.-R., Henning, K.-H., Fricke, A., and Ahrendt, H. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 149-163.
La Providencia Mine	Dill, H.G., Bosse, H.-R., Henning, K.-H., Fricke, A., and Ahrendt, H. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 149-163.

Russia
Far-Eastern Region Kamchatka Oblast' Mutnovsky volcano	M. Zelenski et al.: Am. Min. 91:21-28 (2006); American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1312–1324, 2009
Tolbachik volcano	No reference listed
Uzon Caldera	Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov
Sakhalinskaya Oblast' Kuril Islands Iturup Island Kudriavy (Kudryavyi) volcano	http://maurice.strahlen.org/kurilles/kurilles.htm
Northern Caucasus Region Kabardino-Balkarian Republic Elbrus Elbrus caldera	Gurbanov, A.G., Bogatikov, O.A., Dokuchaev, A.Y., Gazeev, V.M., Abramov, S.S., Groznova, E.O., and Shevchenko, A.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(3), 199-217.
Northern Region Murmanskaja Oblast' Kola Peninsula Khibiny Massif	www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
Lovozero Massif Karnasurt Mt	N.V. Chukanov, I.V. Pekov, A.E. Zadov, S.V. Krivovichev, P.C.Burns, Yu. Schneider (2001): Organovaite-Mn,K2Mn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O, a new labuntsovite-group mineral from the Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula. Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Obshch., 130(2), 4653

Saint Lucia
Choc Rhyolite dykes	M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.
Grande Rivière Village Morne Serpent hill Rhyolite flow	M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Javorie Mts Vígľašská Huta	Rojkovičová,Ľ., 1982: Rudná mineralizácia v Javorí. Min.Slovaca, 14,5,461 – 470
Kremnica Mts Bartošová Lehôtka	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Jastrabá	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Kremnica (Körmöcbánya; Kremnitz)	Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32
Stará Kremnička	Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
Poľana Mts Povrazník	Ďuďa R., 1996: Slovenské opály. Minerál,Brno, IV, 4, 254 - 258
Štiavnica Mts Banská Štiavnica Mining District	Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
Červená Studňa	Lexa, J., Štohl, J., and Konečný, V. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 639-654.
Dekýš	Lexa, J., Štohl, J., and Konečný, V. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 639-654.
Hliník nad Hronom	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Sitnianska Lehôtka	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Vtáčnik Mts Žarnovica Žarnovická Huta	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Košice Region Čierna hora Mts Družstevná pri Hornáde Tepličany	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Southern Slanské Mts Brezina	Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002: Nejzajimavejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 134p.
Byšta	Koděra, P., Rojkovičová, Ľ.,Košárková, M., 1998: Mineralógická správa lokality Byšta, Au-Ag. Manuscript, Archiv Geofond, Bratislava, 68 p
Southern Vihorlat Mts Michalovce Mt Biela Hora	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
Poruba pod Vihorlatom	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Remetské Hámre	Bacsó,Z.,Ďuďa,R.,1988: Metalogenéza a rudné formácie rudného poľa Remetské Hámre. Min.Slovaca,Bratislava, 3, 193-220p
Zemplínske Mts Viničky	Kaličiak, M., Ďuďa, R., 1996: Geolgický vývoj, stavba a metalogenéza neovulkanitov na Východnom Slovensku. Manuskript, Archív Geofond, Bratislava, 83p
Nitra Region Štiavnické Mts Levice Pukanec	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Prešov Region Northern Slanské Mts Červenica (Czerwenitza) Dubník Slavik Mine	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
Fintice	Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
Hermanovce	Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
Okružná	Duda et all.,:Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
Vechec	Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
Vyšná Šebastová Mt Maglovec	Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
Zlatá Baňa	Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
Northern Vihorlat Mts Ladomírov	Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p

South Africa	Minerals of South Africa
	Minerals of South Africa

Spain
Andalusia Almería Níjar El Hoyazo Rambla de las Granatillas	lapis-2005-10-13

Switzerland
Ticino (Tessin) Malcantone Breno Slag locality	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 126.

The Moon
Apollo 14 Base (Fra Mauro) Basalt 14053	Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003) and XXXV (2004)
Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility)	Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta: 34(1): 65-79

Tunisia
Tataouine Governorate Tataouine (Foum Tatahouine) Tatahouine meteorite	AmMin 87:1245

Turkey
Central Anatolia Region Eskisehir Province Mihaliççik Killik	Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.

UK
Northern Ireland Co. Antrim Portrush Craigahullia Quarry	BMS Database
Scotland Outer Hebrides Rockall Island Apex Ridge	B. Young et al. : "Bazirite, Ba Zr Si3 O9, a new mineral from Rockall Island, Inverness-shire, Scotland", Mineral. Mag., G.B., 1978, 42, 35-40

USA
Alabama Clarke Co. Campbell Mountain	Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
Lowndes Co. Sandy Ridge	Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
Arizona Coconino Co. Winslow Meteor Crater and vicinity Canyon Diablo meteorite	Space Science Reviews, Volume 14, Issue 6, pp.758-831
Mohave Co. Klaner and Doolin pits	MRDS file #10056434.
Pima Co. Roskruge Mts	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 192, 402; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 86, 108.
Arkansas Garland Co. Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs) Union Carbide Mine East Wilson pit	R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
T pit	R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
California Contra Costa Co. Clayton Mount Diablo Mount Diablo Mine (Mt. Diablo Mine; Ryne Mine)	White, D.E. (1967) Mercury and base-metal deposits with associated thermal and mineral waters. In: H.L. Barnes (Editor), Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. Holt Reinhart and Winston, New York: 591; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 351.
Inyo Co. Coso District (New Coso District) Coso Hot Springs Coso Hot Springs deposit	[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
Little Lake area Little Lake Perlite deposits (Desert Materials Corp. deposit)	Rogers, Austin Flint (1922), A new occurrence of cristobalite in California: Journal of Geology: 30: 211-216; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 162.
Sugarloaf Mountain Lava flow	Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 351.
Death Valley Black Mts Saratoga District (Tecopa Mountain District; Shoshone District ?) Tecopa Lake Tecopa Basin Lake Tecopa	Starkey, H.C. and Blackmon, P.D. (1979) Clay mineralogy of Pleistocene Lake Tecopa, Inyo County, California. USGS Professional Paper 1061, 34 pp.: 18; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 351 & 353.
Lake Co. Clear Lake Oaks Clear Lake Sulphur Bank Mine (Sulfur Bank mine)	Econ Geol (1997) 92:20-28
Los Angeles Co. Lang Tick Canyon	mineralsocal.org
Mariposa Co. Mount Hoffman Summit of Mount Hoffman	Powers, Howard Adorno (1932), The lavas of the Modoc Lava Bed quadrangle, California: American Mineralogist: 17: 272, 407; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 162; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 354.
Mono Co. Little Antelope Valley	Cleveland, G.B. (1962), Geology of the Little Antelope Valley clay deposits, Mono County, California: California Division Mines & Geology, Special Report 72: 19; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 162.
Riverside Co. Crestmore Crestmore quarries	[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
Indio
San Bernardino Co. Lavic Pisgah siding Big Reef Mine (Pisgah; Clark; Clark No. 1; Willkie; End Line; Bobbie Sullivan; Black Butte Mine; N. Extension Time; Hangover Mine)	Hewett, Donnel Foster (1964), Veins of hypogene manganese oxide minerals in the southwestern United States: Economic Geology: 59: 1449; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 354.
Santa Barbara Co. Lompoc Lompoc area	Henderson, J.H., Jackson, M.L., Syers, J.K. Clayton, R.N., And Rex, R.W. (1971) Cristobalite authigenic origin in relation to montmorillonite and quartz origin in bentonite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 19: 232-233; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 354.
Santa Clara Co. Diablo Range Mount Hamilton East of Mount Hamilton Mount Hamilton Melanophlogite locality	Cooper, J.F. & G.E. Dunning (1972), Melanophlogite from Mount Hamilton, Santa Clara County, California: American Mineralogist: 57: 1495; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 354.
San Antonio Valley Pennsylvania Mine	www.mineralsocal.org
Colorado Chaffee Co. Bald Mountain	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Nathrop Ruby Mountain	("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997)
Conejos Co. King Turquoise mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Grand Co. Grand Lake District (Wolverine District) Unnamed rhyolite flow	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Mineral Co. Creede District Bachelor Mountain rhyolite	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
Ouray Co. Red Mountain District	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Rio Grande Co. Jasper Marble Mountain Deposit	U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Summitville District (Summit District)	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
San Juan Mts	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Florida Polk Co. Homeland Clear Spring Mine	Denicourt, R., Micromounters of New England program, NE meeting program, May 1984
Georgia Bibb Co. Pikes Peak Fuller's Earth	U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Hawaii Hawaii Co. (Hawaii Island) Halemaumau crater	Dunham, K.C. (1933) The American Mineralogist, 18, 384. (from a Palache specimen at Harvard)
Massachusetts Franklin Co. Rowe Davis Pyrite Mine (Davis Mine)	Cerato, A.. 2003: Mineralogical Study of Davis Mine, Rowe, MA, Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques
Mississippi Tippah Co. Fuller's Earth; Ripley; Mississippi	U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Fullers Earth; Blue Mountain; Mississippi	U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
Missouri Camden Co. Decaturville cryptoexplosive structure	R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
Nevada Churchill Co. Wild Horse District Red Bird mine	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Eureka Co. Beowawe District Ginn 1-13 well	Econ Geol (1984) 79:759-767
Palisade Canyon	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Humboldt Co. Opalite District McDermitt cauldera	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
McDermitt Mine (Cordero Mine; Old Cordero Mine)	Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 501.
Virgin Valley District	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Lander Co. Izenhood District	Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
Mineral Co. Borealis District Powell Canyon	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Nye Co. Paradise Peak District Ketchup Flat deposit	Econ Geol (1994) 89:1228-1248
Paradise Peak mine	Econ Geol (1994) 89:1228-1248
Yucca Mountain	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Pershing Co. Lovelock Zeolite deposit	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Storey Co. Comstock District	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Washoe Co. Pyramid District DeLongchamps mine	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Steamboat Springs District Faith clay pit	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Silica pit	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Steamboat Springs mine	NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral Resources of Washoe and Storey Counties, Nevada
White Pine Co. Robinson District Ely Garnet Hill	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
New Jersey Middlesex Co. South Amboy Borough	AmMin 10:152-155
New Mexico Bernalillo Co. Cerro Colorado	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
Catron Co. Taylor Creek District	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Juniper locality	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Nugget Gulch	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Sawmill Creek Unnamed prospects	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Cibola Co. East Grants Ridge	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Grant Co. Santa Rita District	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Los Alamos Co.	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
Rio Arriba Co. San Antonio Peak	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
Sandoval Co. Jemez Springs District	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Jemez Sulfur District Battleship Rock	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Valle Grande San Antonio Creek	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
Sierra Co. Taylor Creek Tin District (Black Range Tin District)	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
74 Draw Mine	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Alexander Mine	NMGS 37th Field Conference
Socorro Co. Magdalena District ?	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
Taos Co. No Agua District Brushy Mountain	Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline, New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 2000
Tres Piedras area	Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
New York Warren Co. Bullhead Mountain Thirteenth Lake North River Garnet Company Mine	Walter, P.J., et al (1999) An Occurrence of Cristobalite in Adirondack Garnet. Rocks and Minerals, 74, 191
North Creek H.H. Barton & Son Company Mine (Barton Mine; Gore Mountain Mine)	Darling, Robert, I-Ming Chou and Robert J Bodnar Occurrence of Metastable Christobalite in High Pressure Garnet Granulite. Science, vol 26, 4 April 1997 p 91-93
North River Hooper Mine (Hooper's Mine)	Walter, P.J., et al (1999) An occurrence of cristobalite in Adirondack garnet. Rocks and Minerals, 74, 191.
Oregon Douglas Co. Lemolo Lake Quarry	Micro Probe Volume X Number 2
Klamath Co. Summit Rock	Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock by Wallace D. Kleck, American Mineralogist Vol 55
Malheur Co. Sheaville Zeolite Occurrence	U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
South Dakota Yankton Co. Pierre shale	SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
Texas Brewster Co. Central part	R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
Jeff Davis Co. Davis Mts Medley's White Mountain	R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
Utah Juab Co. Thomas Range	R&M 73:3 p196-201
Millard Co. Black Rock Desert Black Spring	R&M 68:6 p381-393
Piute Co. Marysvale District (Marysvale Uranium area)	UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
Virginia Highland Co. Monterey Highway 220 roadcut	Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
Prince William Co. Manassas Manassas Quarry	Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
Washington Skagit Co. Mount Vernon Walker Valley	George E. Mustoe, Dan G. Vandenburg, and LaVaonda M. Vandenburg, "The Minerals of Walker Valley, Skagit County, Washington," Washington Geology, vol. 24, no. 1, March 1996, pp 22-29
Spokane Co. Spokane area	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.79
Wisconsin Dodge Co. Iron Ridge District (Neda Iron District) Iron Ridge Mines	Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
Wyoming Johnson Co. Buffalo	AmMin 72:137
Park Co. Yellowstone National Park	AmMin 24:485; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 71, 72

Uzbekistan
Sidaryo (Syrdar'ya) Viloyati Navbakhor Clay deposit	Mirzaev, A.U., and Chinikulov, K. (2004): Lithology and Mienral Resources 39(1), 60-69.

Yemen
South Yemen Kaidun meteorite	Zolensky, M. & A.Ivanov, Chemie der Erde 63,185-246(2003)

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Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 27th Nov 2009 02:11:15