Gladite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Gladite
Formula:
PbCuBi5S9
Colour:
Tin-white to lead-grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.96
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After the locality, Gladhammar, Sweden.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1705
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1705:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
a1082494-1c77-4a82-b0f8-653dfe7eb539
IMA Classification of Gladite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CuPbBi5S9
First published:
1924
Classification of Gladite
2.HB.05a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
3.4.5.3
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
5.7.4
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Gld | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Gld | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Gladite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Tin-white to lead-grey
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010} good
{100} fair
{010} good
{100} fair
Density:
6.96 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.903 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gladite
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 44.0% | 46.0% |
| 440nm | 44.9% | 46.2% |
| 480nm | 45.1% | 46.4% |
| 520nm | 45.0% | 46.8% |
| 560nm | 44.8% | 46.9% |
| 600nm | 44.6% | 46.7% |
| 640nm | 44.1% | 46.0% |
| 680nm | 43.5% | 44.9% |
| 700nm | 43.2% | 44.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 46.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Tin-white to lead-grey
Chemistry of Gladite
Mindat Formula:
PbCuBi5S9
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe
Crystallography of Gladite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.0044(4) Å, b = 33.575(3) Å, c = 11.480(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.119 : 1 : 0.342
Unit Cell V:
1,543.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic [001] to 2cm, lacking terminal faces.
Comment:
SG Pmcn
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005780 | Gladite | Topa D, Makovicky E, Balic-Zunic T (2002) The structural role of excess Cu and Pb in gladite and krupkaite based on new refinements of their structure The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1147-1159 |  | 2002 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005781 | Gladite | Topa D, Makovicky E, Balic-Zunic T (2002) The structural role of excess Cu and Pb in gladite and krupkaite based on new refinements of their structure The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1147-1159 | | 2002 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006075 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006076 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006077 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0006078 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0009571 | Gladite | Kohatsu I, Wuensch B J (1976) The crystal structure of gladite, PbCuBi5S9, a superstructure intermediate in the series Bi2S3-PbCuBiS3 (bismuthinite-aikinite) Acta Crystallographica B32 2401-2409 |  | 1976 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014751 | Gladite | Synecek V, Hybler J (1974) The crystal structures of krupkaite, CuPbBi3S6, and of gladite, CuPbBi5S9, and the classification of superstructures in the bismuthinite-aikinite group, Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1974 541-560 | 1974 | Krupka, Ore Mountains, NW-Bohemia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.56 Å | (100) |
| 1.308 Å | (90b) |
| 1.101 Å | (90) |
| 1.082 Å | (90) |
| 2.81 Å | (70) |
| 1.948 Å | (70) |
| 1.916 Å | (70) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Gladite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals, 2 cm long and 2-6 mm thick.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Johansson, K. (1924) Bidrag till Gladhammar-gruvornas mineralogi. Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi: 9(8): 1-22 (17).
Other Language Names for Gladite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Gladite associated with Pekoite | PbCuBi11S18 |
| 4 photos of Gladite associated with Krupkaite | PbCuBi3S6 |
| 4 photos of Gladite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Gladite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 2 photos of Gladite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Bismuth | Bi |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HB. | Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 |
| 2.HB. | Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 |
| 2.HB. | Sardashtite | Ag9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112 |
| 2.HB. | Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 |
| 2.HB. | Reckibachite | Ag2Pb12As14Sb4S40 |
| 2.HB.05a | Aikinite | PbCuBiS3 |
| 2.HB.05a | Friedrichite | Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 |
| 2.HB.05a | Hammarite | Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 |
| 2.HB.05c | Jaskólskiite | CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15) |
| 2.HB.05a | Krupkaite | PbCuBi3S6 |
| 2.HB.05a | Lindströmite | Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 |
| 2.HB.05b | Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 |
| 2.HB.05a | Pekoite | PbCuBi11S18 |
| 2.HB.05a | Emilite | Pb2.7Cu2.7Bi5.3S12 |
| 2.HB.05 | UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb | Cu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12 |
| 2.HB.05a | Salzburgite | Pb1.6Cu1.6Bi6.4S12 |
| 2.HB.05 | UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb | CuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6 |
| 2.HB.05a | Paarite | Pb1.7Cu1.7Bi6.3S12 |
| 2.HB.10c | Eclarite | (Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28 |
| 2.HB.10b | Giessenite | Pb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10b | Izoklakeite | Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10a | Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 |
| 2.HB.10a | Tintinaite | Pb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69 |
| 2.HB.15 | Benavidesite | Pb4MnSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.15 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.20d | Berryite | Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16 |
| 2.HB.20b | Buckhornite | AuPb2BiTe2S3 |
| 2.HB.20a | Nagyágite | [Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3 |
| 2.HB.20e | Watkinsonite | Cu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8 |
| 2.HB.20c | Museumite | [Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2] |
| 2.HB.20e | Litochlebite | Ag2PbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.20b | Jaszczakite | [Bi3S3][AuS2] |
| 2.HB.20e | Luxembourgite | AgCuPbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.25 | Meerschautite | (Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gladite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1705.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Gladite
Reference List:
Johansson, K. (1924) Bidrag till Gladhammar-gruvornas mineralogi [Contribution to the mineralogy of the Gladhammar mines]. Arkiv für Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi [Archive for Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology], 9 (8) 1-22
Localities for Gladite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
| Testa et al. (2018) |
Australia | |
| |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Niedermayr (2008) |
| Mandarino (2002) |
| Walter et al. (2020) |
Brazil | |
| |
Canada | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +3 other references |
| Jambor (1982) |
| Taner et al. (1998) |
China | |
| Yingchen Ren (1999) |
| Xiangping et al. (2001) |
| Huan Wang et al. (2011) |
Czech Republic | |
| Jan Hloušek |
| Sejkora (1998) |
Germany | |
| Schwarzmeier (2015) +2 other references |
| Nickel et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Witzke et al. (1995) |
| Witzke et al. (2007) |
| - (n.d.) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2010, April) +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| collector: László Tóth +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Lapis (10) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Bedogné et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Spiridonov (1982) +1 other reference |
| Efimov A.V. Bismuthian mineralisation ... +1 other reference |
Myanmar | |
| Yueqing Yang and Wenying Wang (2002) |
Norway | |
| Rune S. Selbekk (2010) |
Peru | |
| P Haas collection |
Poland | |
| Gołębiowska B. et al. (Ag) |
| Pieczka et al. (2012) +3 other references |
Romania | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Ilinca (2006) |
| Canadian Mineralogist 41 (2) +2 other references | |
| Nigel G. Cook : "Bismuth Sulphosalts ... |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2009) |
Russia | |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Rogov et al. (2023) |
| Rogov et al. (2023) | |
| Kazachenko et al. (2021) |
| Kovalev et al. (2019) |
| Timofeeva et al. (1975) |
Slovakia | |
| Pršek J. |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) | |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. Diz.práca) |
| Pršek (2004) +1 other reference |
| Jeleň et al. (2012) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Števko M. (2021) | |
| Bakoš +2 other references |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Ozdín D. (2003) |
South Africa | |
| Topa et al. (2006) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Johansson (1924) |
Switzerland | |
| Schweizer Strahler |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Max Wirth |
| Lowry et al. (1994) |
Ukraine | |
| Biruk et al. (2012) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Ream (2004) |
| Economic Geology (1996) +1 other reference |
Uzbekistan | |
| Kovalenker et al. (1997) |
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Paurovská, Vyšná Boca, Liptovský Mikuláš District, Žilina Region, Slovakia