Glaucochroite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored in memory of Charles Hyde Warren
About Glaucochroite
Formula:
CaMn2+SiO4
Colour:
Bluish-gray, pink, brown, or white.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.407
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1899 by Samuel L. Penfield and Charles H. Warren from the Greek γλαυκός for "sky-blue" and χρώσις "coloring", in allusion to its color.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1708
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1708:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
870cf7b4-236f-4bc2-b620-b386ca504dcb
IMA Classification of Glaucochroite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CaMn2+(SiO4)
First published:
1899
Classification of Glaucochroite
9.AC.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51.3.2.3
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
14.18.14
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Glc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Glaucochroite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Bluish-gray, pink, brown, or white.
Comment:
May show the alexandrite-effect
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.407 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.465 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Glaucochroite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.679 - 1.686 nβ = 1.716 - 1.723 nγ = 1.729 - 1.736
2V:
Measured: 61° , Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:
0.050
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.050
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
medium
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Glaucochroite
Mindat Formula:
CaMn2+SiO4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Zn,Pb,Mg
Crystallography of Glaucochroite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.923 Å, b = 11.192 Å, c = 6.512 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.44 : 1 : 0.582
Unit Cell V:
358.80 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Usually massive, rarely in short prismatic crystals.
Comment:
Pbnm
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000650 | Glaucochroite | Lager G A, Meagher E P (1978) High-temperature structural study of six olivines American Mineralogist 63 365-377 |  | 1978 | 0 | 298 | |
| 0000651 | Glaucochroite | Lager G A, Meagher E P (1978) High-temperature structural study of six olivines American Mineralogist 63 365-377 | | 1978 | 0 | 573 | |
| 0000652 | Glaucochroite | Lager G A, Meagher E P (1978) High-temperature structural study of six olivines American Mineralogist 63 365-377 | | 1978 | 0 | 873 | |
| 0000653 | Glaucochroite | Lager G A, Meagher E P (1978) High-temperature structural study of six olivines American Mineralogist 63 365-377 | | 1978 | 0 | 1073 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.54 Å | (30) |
| 4.23 Å | (40) |
| 3.91 Å | (10) |
| 3.69 Å | (60) |
| 3.25 Å | (20) |
| 2.96 Å | (60) |
| 2.81 Å | (20) |
| 2.69 Å | (80) |
| 2.63 Å | (80) |
| 2.56 Å | (20) |
| 2.44 Å | (30) |
| 2.25 Å | (20) |
| 2.19 Å | (20) |
| 2.03 Å | (20) |
| 1.95 Å | (20) |
| 1.85 Å | (100) |
| 1.79 Å | (20) |
| 1.77 Å | (20) |
| 1.75 Å | (20) |
| 1.72 Å | (20) |
| 1.71 Å | (20) |
| 1.62 Å | (40) |
| 1.61 Å | (40) |
| 1.58 Å | (20) |
| 1.52 Å | (30) |
| 1.43 Å | (20) |
| 1.42 Å | (30) |
| 1.23 Å | (20) |
| 1.19 Å | (20) |
| 1.14 Å | (20) |
| 1.13 Å | (50) |
| 1.11 Å | (50) |
| 1.06 Å | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 14-376
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Glaucochroite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive material in franklinite-willemite-zincite ore with hardystonite and calcite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Metamorphosed stratiform zinc deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Glaucochroite
Other Language Names for Glaucochroite
Relationship of Glaucochroite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Calcio-olivine | Ca2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 22 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 17 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 8 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Clinohedrite | CaZn(SiO4) · H2O |
| 8 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Hardystonite | Ca2Zn[Si2O7] |
| 6 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Zincite | ZnO |
| 5 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Esperite | PbCa2Zn3(SiO4)3 |
| 3 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Copper | Cu |
| 2 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Glaucochroite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Glaucochroite associated with Chalcophanite | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AC. | Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 |
| 9.AC. | Poirierite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 9.AC.05 | Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 |
| 9.AC.05 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| 9.AC.05 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
| 9.AC.05 | Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] |
| 9.AC.05 | Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 |
| 9.AC.05 | Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 |
| 9.AC.10 | Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
| 9.AC.15 | Brunogeierite | Ge4+Fe2+2O4 |
| 9.AC.15 | Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 |
| 9.AC.20 | Chesnokovite | Na2[SiO2(OH)2] · 8H2O |
Fluorescence of Glaucochroite
Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Fuses quietly before the blowpipe at about 3.5 to a brownish black globule, and imparts no color to the flame.
Notes:
The powdered mineral dissolves easily in hydrochloric acid, and the solution produces a gelatinous silica upon evaporation.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
None.
Glaucochroite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Glaucochroite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1708.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Glaucochroite
Reference List:
Localities for Glaucochroite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Japan | |
| Kato (1991) |
Namibia | |
| Dunn (1991) |
Romania | |
| Marincea et al. (2014, September) |
Russia | |
| Sokol et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| ... |
| Chukanov (2014) | |
South Africa | |
| Von Bezing (1991) |
Sweden | |
| Blatter (2003) |
Tanzania | |
| Mitchell et al. (2021) |
USA (TL) | |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference |
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Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA