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Glauconite

Big Photo

Bertocchi quarry (ex Alvese quarry), San Pietro Mussolino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
© Chinellato Matteo

Show Glauconite Photos (10)
Formula:
K
 
0.08
R
1
1.33
 R
2
0.67
 [][Al
 
0.13
Si
 
3.87
O
 
10
](OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Blue-green, ...
Hardness:2
Name:Named in 1828 from the Greek "glaukos," blue-green, in allusion to its color; but the term "glauconie" was used earlier, in 1823.


Typically found as rounded aggregates or "pellets" of very fine grained scaly particles, having a blue-green to yellow-green color.

Classification of Glauconite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Explanation of status:The name is for a series in the Mica Group, not an individual species. While it is currently accepted, it is likely that once the species in the series have been better defined it will be replaced by two or more species names.
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/H.13-40

8 : Silicates
H : Phyllosilicates (layered), Tetragonal or pseudotetragonal layered structures [Si4O10]4- and others
13 : Mica group - Glauconite series
Dana 7th edition ID:71.2.2.5
Dana 8th edition ID:71.2.2a.5

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.20.10

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
20 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Mg and alkalis
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Occurrences of Glauconite

Geological Setting:Formed in shallow marine environments that are mildly reducing when little or no sedimentation is taking place, hence found in shallow marine sedimentary rocks - limestones, siltstones, shales and sandstones. "Greenstones" are named that because if their typically high glauconite content.

Physical Properties of Glauconite

Lustre:Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Blue-green, yellow-green, green, rarely colorless.
Streak:None
Hardness (Mohs):2
Hardness Data:Measured
Tenacity:Elastic
Cleavage:Perfect
Perfect on {001}.
Fracture:Micaceous
Density (measured):2.4 - 2.95 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.9 g/cm3

Crystallography of Glauconite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/m {B1 1 2/m} {C2/m} {C1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.234Å, b = 9.066Å, c = 10.16Å
β = 100.5°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 1.121
Unit Cell Volume:V 474.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals extremely rare; typically found as rounded aggregates of very fine grained scaly particles, more rarely as tiny laths or platelets.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
10.1(100)
4.53(80)
3.63(400
3.33(60)
3.09(40)
2.59(100)
2.40(60)
Comments:The -1M and -3T polytypes cannot be distinguised by the powder pattern.

Optical Data of Glauconite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.590 - 1.612 nβ = 1.609 - 1.643 nγ = 1.610 - 1.644
2V:Calculated: 20° to 24°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.020 - 0.032

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Glauconite

Formula:
K
 
0.08
R
1
1.33
 R
2
0.67
 [][Al
 
0.13
Si
 
3.87
O
 
10
](OH)
 
2
Essential elements:Al, H, K, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, H, K, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Ca,P

Relationship of Glauconite to other Species

Member of Group:
Mica Group:
Related Minerals - Strunz Grouping):

- +
8/H.13-10Wonesite
(Na,K)(Mg,fe,Al)
 
6
(Al,Si)
 
8
O
 
20
(OH,F)
 
4
8/H.13-20Brammallite
Na
 
0.65
Al
 
2.0
ٱAl
 
0.65
Si
 
3.35
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.20.1Glaucophane
[ ][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
16.20.2Sodium-anthophyllite
16.20.3Sodium Gedrite
16.20.4Crossite
16.20.5Ferro-eckermannite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
Al][(OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
16.20.6Wonesite
(Na,K)(Mg,fe,Al)
 
6
(Al,Si)
 
8
O
 
20
(OH,F)
 
4
16.20.8Lennilenapeite
K
 
6-7
(Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn)
 
48
(Si,Al)
 
72
(O,OH)
 
216
·16H
 
2
O
16.20.9Stilpnomelane
(K,Ca,Na)(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
(Si,Al)
 
12
(O,OH)
 
36
 · nH
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- +
71.2.2.1Muscovite
KAl
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
]
71.2.2.2Illite
K
 
0.65
A
 
2.0
 [][Al
 
0.65
Si,
 
3.35
O
 
10
](OH)
 
2
71.2.2.13Aspidolite
NaMg
 
3
[(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
]

Other Names for Glauconite

Synonyms:
GlaukonieGreensand
Other Languages:
Basque:Glaukonita
Dutch:Glauconiet
Esperanto:Glaŭkonito
French:Glauconite
German:Glaukonit
Glauconit
Hebrew:גלאוקוניט
Italian:Glauconite
Lithuanian:Glaukonitas
Polish:Glaukonit
Portuguese:Glauconita
Slovak:Glaukonit
Spanish:Glauconita
Swedish:Glaukonit
Ukrainian:Глауконіт
Varieties:
Aluminium-glauconiteMarsyatskiteSoda-Glauconite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Glauconite

Reference List:Schneider, H. (1927) A study of glauconite. Journal of Geology: 35: 289-310.

Hendricks, S.B. & C.S. Ross (1941), Chemical composition and genesis of glauconite and celadonite: American Mineralogist: 26: 683-708.

Foster, M.D. (1969), Studies of Celadonite and glauconite: USGS PP 614-F, 17 pp.

Slonimskaya, M.V., G. Besson, L.G. Daynyak, C. Tchoubar, and V.A. Drits (1986), The interpretation of the IR spectra of celadonites and glauconites in the region of OH-stretching frequencies: Clay Minerals: 21: 377-388.

Dainyak, L.G., and V.A. Drits (1987), Interpretation of Mössbauer spectra of nontronite, celadonite, and glauconite: Clays and Clay Minerals: 35: 363-372.

Sakharov, B.A., G. Besson, V.A. Drits, M.Y. Kameneva, A.L. SAlyn, and B.B. Smoliar (1990), X-ray study of the nature of stacking faults in the structure of glauconites: Clay Minerals: 25: 419-435.

Dainyak, L.G., V.A. Drits, and L.M. Heifits (1992), Computer simulation of cagtion distribution in dioctahedral 2:1 layer silicates using IR-data: Application to Mössbauer spectroscopy of a glauconite sample: Clays and Clay Minerals: 40: 470-479.

Drits, V.A., L.G. Dainyak, F. Muller, G. Besson, and A. Manceau (1997a), Isomorphous cation distribution in celadonites, glauconites and Fe-illites determined by infrared, Mössbauer and EXAFS spectroscopy: Clay Minerals: 32: 153-180.

Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 1453.

Rieder et.al. 1998, Nomenclature of the Micas: IMA Mica Subcommittee report, Canadian Mineralogist 36: 905-912.

Internet Links for Glauconite

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    Localities for Glauconite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    • Upper continental slope of New Jersey
    		B.P. Glass, S. Liu & P.B. Leavens (2002) Amer. Mineral. 87, 562-565
    B.P. Glass, S. Liu & P.B. Leavens (2002) Amer. Mineral. 87, 562-565
    Australia
     
    • Northern Territory
      • Gulf of Carpenteria
        • Groote Eylandt
    		Econ Geol (1996) 91:386-401
    • Western Australia
      • Swan Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 120.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • St Veit an der Glan
          • Wietersdorf
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
      • Saualpe Mts
        • Görtschitz valley
          • Klein St Paul
            • Dobranberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Salzburg
      • Golling
        • Grabenbach area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Hallein
        • Dürrnberg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
      • Oberndorf
        • Nußdorf
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
        • St Pankraz
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Lechtaler Alpen Mts
          • Vils
    		Strasser, M. (2008): Lapis, 33 (5), 40-43.
    • Upper Austria
      • Innviertel
        • Prambachkirchen
    		Schadler, R. (1934); F. Bernhard (SEM-EDS, 13.12.2006); Schachinger, T. & Bernhard, F. (2008)
      • Linz
    		Schachinger, T. & Bernhard, F. (2008)
    Schachinger, T. & Bernhard, F. (2008)
    Belgium
     
    • Limburg Province
      • Riemst
        • Zichen Zussen Bolder
    		found by FdW
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Essex Co.
        • Anderdon Township
    • Québec
      • Montréal
    		Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 5-60.
    China
     
    • Yunnan Province
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Yanshan Co.
    		Hongjun Liu and Youzhi Xue (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15, 165-176.
      • Yuxi Prefecture
        • Hongta District
    		Chernoff, C.B. and Orris, G.J. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-156-A.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Moravia-Silesia Region
        • Opava
    		Mátl, V.: Ložiska sádrovce opavské pánve. Geologický průzkum, 1981, č. 12, s. 346-350.
    Denmark
     
    • Sjælland
      • Stevns
        • Stevns Klint
    		P. Andresen (2002, collected ).
    Egypt
     
    • Central Egypt
      • Black Desert (Libyan Desert)
    		S. Tosson et al. , Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. , 1974, 97, pp. 27-39.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Ribeauvillé
          • Bergheim
    		J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
          • Orschwiller
    		J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
    • Brittany
      • Morbihan
        • Penestin
    		R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980.
    • Centre
      • Loiret
        • Gien
    		Collected by François Périnet
    • Pays de Loire
      • Loire-Atlantique
        • Pornic
          • Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef
    		Collected by François Périnet
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Duranus
    		Perroud, P. (1989). "Les minéraux de Duranus." Le Cristallier Suisse, 8(5),pp:216-230
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Ain
        • Trept
    		G. Demarcq, 1973, "Guides Géologiques Régionaux : Lyonnais, Vallée du Rhône" , p. 62, Masson.
      • Drôme
        • Valence
          • Saint-Flour
    		G. Demarcq, 1973, "Guides Géologiques Régionaux : Lyonnais, Vallée du Rhône" , p.110, Masson.
    Germany
     
    • Lower Saxony
      • Peine
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Düsseldorf
        • Mettmann
          • Neander valley
    		Aufschluss 1988(2), 125-128
      • Sauerland
        • Bad Wünnenberg
          • Bleiwäsche
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Warstein
          • Hillenberg Mt.
    		D. Pawlowski: "Mineralfundstellen im Sauerland", Weise (Munich), 1991
          • Kallenhardt
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Schleswig-Holstein
      • Elmshorn
        • Barmstedt
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
      • Lübeck
        • Travemünde
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
      • Plön
        • Damsdorf - Stocksee - Tensfeld area
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
      • Schwarzenbek
        • Groß Pampau
    		A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Rudabányai Mts.
    		No reference listed
    • Fejér Co.
      • Szár Hill
        • Kőszárhegy
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill, 2004
    • Komárom-Esztergom Co.
      • Gerecse Mts.
        • Sárisáp
    		Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality, 2004
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Bátonyterenye
        • Mátrakeresztes
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral Species, 1993
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Balaton Uplands
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    Israel
     
    • Negev desert
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Bergamo Province
        • Cene
          • Rossa Valley
    		Maida, F. (2002): Descrizione delle specie e varietà di minerali e loro ritrovamento nella Bergamasca. G.O.M. Gruppo Orobico Minerali - Novecento Grafico, Ed., Bergamo 82 pp. (geologic part by F. Pezzotta). F. Brignoli
    • Puglia
      • Lecce Province
    		P. Antonazzo collection 2008
    P. Antonazzo Collection 2008
    P. Antonazzo collection 2008
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • San Pietro Mussolino
    		Studi e Ricerche - Associazione Amici del Museo - Museo Civico "G.Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI) 18 Dicembre 1997 , pp. 39 - 43
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Hidaka Province
        • Biratori
    		H. Okada (1964) Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 15, #1, 23-38.
    Malta
     
    • Gozo Island
    		John Attard and Alfredo Petrov collections.
      • Victoria
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    Netherlands
     
    • Gelderland
      • Winterswijk
        • Vosseveld
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    • Limburg
      • Epen
    		Found by Frank de Wit
      • Maastricht
        • Pietersberg
    		found by FdW
    • Noord-Brabant
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    • Overijssel
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
        • Oamaru
    		Old Mill or Dog Pound Quarry, Oamaru, Essence of Micro-Scope (NZ), Auton and Thornton
    Pacific Ocean
     
    • Japan Sea
      • Honshu Island borderland
    		Markov, Y.D., Mozherovskii, A.V., Derkachev, A.N., Barinov, N.N., and Sereda, N.A. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(2), 121-129.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Legnica
    		Oszczepalski, S. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 599-613.
      • Złotoryja District
    		Oszczepalski, S. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 599-613.
    • Małopolskie
      • Wieliczka
    		Prochazka K., Wala A., Wiewiórka J. 1969: Sole kamienne ze strontem i barem w złożu solnym Wieliczki. Pr. Miner. Kom. Nauk. Miner. PAN Oddz. w Krakowie nr 18
    Russia
     
    • Central Region
      • Kurskaya Oblast'
        • Kursk Manet Anomaly group
    		Tsekhovskii, Y.G., Lavrushin, V.Y., Kuleshov, V.N., Shchepetova, E.V., Stukalova, I.E., Nosik, L.P., Prokof’ev, V.Y., and Areshin, A.V. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(3), 210-227.
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
      • Tambovskaya Oblast'
    		Patyk-Kara, N.G., Levchenko, E.N., Stekhin, A.I., Barsegyan, V.V., Bochneva, A.A., Chizhova, I.A., Andrianova, E.A., and Dubinchuk, V.T. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(3), 218-239.
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
            • Kukisvumchorr Mt
    		Lapis 29(1), 47 (2004)
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Serov District
            • Kola massif
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol\'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Magnitogorsk
            • Sakhara (Sakharin) District
              • Sakhara massif
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol\'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
          • Ufaley (Ufalei) District
    		Talovina, I.V., Lazarenkov, V.G., Ryzhkova, S.O., Ugol\'kov, V.L., and Vorontsova, N.I. (2008): Lithology and Mineral Resources 43(6), 588-595.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Cérová Mts
    		Ďuďa,R., Mrázek,Z., Košuth,M., 1984: Postmagmatická zeolitová mineralizácia Cérovej vrchoviny. Min.Slovaca, 16,2,157 - 172
    • Košice Region
      • Čierna hora Mts
        • Družstevná pri Hornáde
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Prešov Region
      • Belianske Tatry Mts
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Žilina Region
      • Západné Tatry Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    South Africa
     
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • KwaZulu-Natal Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    • Western Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Jämtland
      • Strömsund
    • Skåne
      • Bromölla
        • Näsum
    		J.Bergström & N.A.Shaikh: SGU Rapport o. meddel. 22, 1980
      • Hässleholm
      • Tomelilla
        • Onslunda
    		Swedish Nat.Musuem
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    Switzerland
     
    • Aargau
      • Mellikon
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 119.
    • Uri
      • Seedorf
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 349.
    Tunisia
     
    • Nefza mining district
      • Tamra
    		Decrée, S., Marignac, C., De Putter, T., Deloule, E., Liégeois, J.P., and Demaiffe, D. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 285-303.
    • Zaghouan Governorate
      • Zaghouan
    		Souissi, F., Dandurand, J.L., and Fortuné, J.P. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 257-270.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Agnes District
          • St Agnes
    		No reference listed
      • Derbyshire
        • Castleton
    		Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55
    Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55
    Ford, T., A. Sarjeant & M. Smith (1993) The minerals of the Peak district of Derbyshire UK Jour. Mines & Minerals 13:16-55
      • Surrey
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    Ukraine
     
    • Crimea Oblast'
      • Crimea peninsula
        • Belogorsk Area
    		Alexander I. Tischenko (1996). Minerals of the Crimea. - World of stones, 1996, #9, p.9 - 18.
    • Dnipropetrovs'k Oblast' (Dnepropetrovsk Oblast')
    		Econ Geol (1988) 83:93-117
    P.M. Kartashov data
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Barbour Co.
    		Mineralogy of Alabama Geol Surv Ala. Bull 120
    Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Butler Co.
        • Greenville
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Wilcox Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 233.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 233; Lindgren, W. (1905), The copper deposits of the Clifton-Morenci district, AZ, USGS PP 43.
      • Mohave Co.
        • Big Sandy Valley
          • Wikieup area
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 233; Wilson, E.D. (1944), Arizona nonmetallics: A summary of past production and present operations, AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 152; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 107.
    • Arkansas
    		Jim G. Ferguson (1922)Minerals in Arkansas By Arkansas. Bureau of Mines, Manufactures, and Agriculture
      • Hempstead Co.
    		Arkansas Geological Commission
    Arkansas Geological Commission
    • California
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • Redondo Beach
    		Reed, Ralph Daniel (1928), A siliceous shale formation from southern California: Journal of Geology: 36: 347; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 429.
    Pelletier, 1962. Mineral Species & Localities of Marin County
      • Merced Co.
        • Los Banos
    		Briggs, L.I., Jr. (1951), Jarosite from the California Tertiary, American Mineralogist: 36: 902; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 429.
      • Monterey Co.
    		Galliher, Edgar Wayne (1935a), Glauconite genesis: Geological Society of America Bulletin: 46: 1359; Galliher, Edgar Wayne (1935b), Geology of glauconite: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin: 19: 1580; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 429.
    San Diego Natural History Museum
    Dietz, R.S., K.O. Emery & F.P. Shepard (1942), Phosphite deposits on the sea floor off southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin: 53: 819; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 429.
    • Colorado
      • Archuleta Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Douglas Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • El Paso Co.
        • Colorado Springs Arera
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Grand Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Dorchester District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Larimer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Moffat Co.
        • Cross Mountain Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Douglas Mountain District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Montrose Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Pitkin Co.
        • Aspen District (Roaring Fork District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Delaware
      • New Castle Co.
        • Middletown
    		Dana 6: 1070.
    • Georgia
      • Houston Co.
    • Indiana
      • Bartholomew Co.
        • Columbus
    		Rocks & Min.: 61:138-142 & 64:230.
      • Decatur Co.
        • New Point
    		Rocks & Min.: 61:144-145.
      • Harrison Co.
        • Corydon
      • Jefferson Co.
      • Jennings Co.
        • North Vernon
    		Rocks & Min.:61:146; Erd(1960).
    Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
    • Iowa
    Anderson (1994) Kentucky Geol. Survey Ser. XI Spec. Pub 20
    • Louisiana
      • De Soto Parish
    		Earth Treasures Vol 4, Allan W. Eckert, 1987
    Strickler ME, R. E. Ferrell J.: Clays and Clay Minerals 38:69-76. (1990)
    • Maryland
      • Calvert Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Massachusetts
      • Dukes Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
      • Plymouth Co.
    		Gleba, 1978: MA Mineral and Fossil Localities
    Gleba, 1978: MA Mineral and Fossil Localities
    Gleba, 1978. Mass. Mineral & Fossil Localities
    • Michigan
      • Alger Co.
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
      • Eaton Co.
        • Bellevue
    		Rocks & Min.:58:108.
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
        • Pigeon
    		Rocks & Min.: 58:108.
      • Jackson Co.
        • Parma
    		Rocks & Min.:58:108.
      • Marquette Co.
        • Marquette iron range
          • Ishpeming
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Mississippi
    		Priddy, 1960. Madison County Geology
    • Missouri
      • Camden Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Jasper Co.
    		Rocks & Min., March 1998.
      • Madison Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Washington Co.
        • Meramec State Park
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Las Vegas District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Conway
    		Rocks & Min 65:292 (1990)
    • New Jersey
      • Gloucester Co.
        • Harrisonville
    		Kunz,1892. Gems & Precious Stones of N. America, p.201.
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Laurence Harbor
          • Raritan Bay
    		A Quest for New Jersey Minerals, Robert Speiser(1978):8.
      • Monmouth Co.
        • Belmar
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 5, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 91.
    The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs, NY Min. Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 69.
    The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs, NY Min. Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 71.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 72.
        • Holmdel
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vil. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 81.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 77.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 79.
    NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1892):199.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vil. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 80.
        • Plumsted Township
          • New Egypt
    		C.G.Segeler (personal communication)
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 5, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 89.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 5, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 91.
    The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 5, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 93.
        • Upper Freehold Township
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 78.
      • Somerset Co.
    		 The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 88.
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
      • Hidalgo Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Luna Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Sierra Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • New York
      • Herkimer Co.
        • Town of Newport
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 16158
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • New Hanover Co.
    J.Wright Horton,Jr., and Victor A.Zullo,1991, The Geology of the Carolinas, pg # 206
    • Ohio
      • Miami Co.
        • Piqua
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
      • Wood Co.
        • Custar
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    • Oklahoma
      • Johnston Co.
        • Bromide
    		R&M 72:4 pp 252-264
    • Pennsylvania
      • Juniata Co.
        • Lack Township
          • East Waterford
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the PA List 1965-1974, The Min. Soc. of PA, Inc.: 45; Carter, William D. (1969), The W.L. Newman Phosphate Mine, Juniata Co., PA, Info Circ. 64, PA Geol. Survey; Montgomery, A. (Oct, 1970), PA M
    • South Dakota
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Deadwood
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Piedmont
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Ruby Basin District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
        • Trojan District
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Texas
    		BEG University of Texas publication 4301
    • Utah
      • Daggett Co.
        • Uinta Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Uintah Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Caroline Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • King George Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Southhampton Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Wise Co.
        • East Stone Gap
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Wisconsin
      • Green Lake Co.
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Kyzylkum Desert
      • Central Kyzylkum Region
        • Lyavlyakan-Beshkak ore field
    		Solodov, I.N., Nesterova, M.V., Shugina, G.A., Ganina, N.I., Shulik, L.S., and Solodov, D.I. (2001): Lithology and Mineral Resources 36(1), 43-62.
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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